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Earthwork - Westfall Local Schools
Earthwork - Westfall Local Schools

... D. The Contractor shall be responsible for damage to areas or items designated by the A/E to be protected. Repairs to, replacement of, or reparations for areas or items damaged shall be made at the Contractor’s expense and to the satisfaction of the A/E before acceptance of the completed project. E. ...
Asbestos Analysis of Soil and Rock
Asbestos Analysis of Soil and Rock

... Naturally Occurring Asbestos (NOA) In scenarios where there is no visible evidence of ACM contamination or if it is suspected that there may be NOA in the soil or rock. ...
Electroremediation of Cu-Contaminated Soil
Electroremediation of Cu-Contaminated Soil

... contaminate the environment, they will remain undegraded [20]. Unlike organic substances, metals do not degrade easily except for mercury and selenium which are transformed and volatilized by microorganisms. This is the reason why metals are very much difficult to eliminate from the environment [22] ...
Texas Ecoregion Information
Texas Ecoregion Information

... (Great Plains) In central Texas, in the area known as the Texas Hill Country, is the Edwards Plateau ecoregion. This high plateau ranges from 600-3000 ft. in elevation and receives 23-35 inches of rain annually. Short grasses and woodlands dominate this ecoregion. In recent years, it has been discov ...
Soil profile CO2 concentrations variations from forested and clear
Soil profile CO2 concentrations variations from forested and clear

... 2000; Welsch and Hornberger, 2004), only a few studies have examined the magnitude of spatial variability of subsurface CO2 concentration within forest soils. Detailed characterization of CO2 spatial and temporal variability at various depths and response to forest management is useful for at least ...
The Condition of Uncaria Gambir Roxb. as One of
The Condition of Uncaria Gambir Roxb. as One of

... Interchangeable of aluminium levels (dd) on the ground of Gambier in Pakpak Bharat was pertained into low to moderate on the top layer of soil, while it was very low in the lower layer of soil (Table 1), which means that solubility of Al is at a level which does not harm (not cause toxic/inhibitor) ...
The role of earthworms for assessment of sustainability and as
The role of earthworms for assessment of sustainability and as

... Earthworms, which inhabit soils and litter layers in most landscapes, can offer an important tool to evaluate different environmental transformations and impacts. Agricultural landscapes, urban and industrialized habitats have some earthworms that represent interesting indicators to monitor differen ...
Soil-Disturbance Field Guide
Soil-Disturbance Field Guide

... and comparing soil disturbance resulting from logging operations is a key component of an adaptive management process for forest soil conservation (Curran et al. 2005). Uniform and unambiguous definitions of soil-disturbance categories must be part of such protocols if accurate, consistent, and stati ...
No Slide Title - School of Electrical Engineering and Computer
No Slide Title - School of Electrical Engineering and Computer

... As a soil amendment, compost is thought to enhance the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils. When worm compost is added to soil, it boosts the nutrients available to plants and enhances soil structure and drainage. This discussion is an attempt to enhance your understanding of the ...
Litter decomposition rate and soil organic matter quality in a
Litter decomposition rate and soil organic matter quality in a

... In this study we report an in situ investigation of the relationships between vegetation cover, initial litter decay rate and soil organic matter composition for a typical montane heathland area in southern Norway where the alternation between Calluna, Molinia, and Sphagnum occurs on a decametric sc ...
Climate change and multitrophic interactions in soil: the primacy of
Climate change and multitrophic interactions in soil: the primacy of

... between organisms are among the most detailed to offer functional insights. However, there is a lack of integration of horizontal and vertical complexity and biodiversity within and between trophic levels, respectively, and their interactions (Duffy et al., 2007). Consequently, knowledge of soil foo ...
PAM - Mississippi Soybean Promotion Board
PAM - Mississippi Soybean Promotion Board

... When irrigation water is applied to soil, topsoil is gradually lost in irrigation runoff. Obviously, this loss will be greater on fields with greater slopes. Topsoil loss will result in a long-term reduction in soil productivity, loss of fertilizer nutrients, and downstream pollution of reservoirs a ...
Investigating CH4 production in an oxic plant
Investigating CH4 production in an oxic plant

... and conversion of certain substrates to a different degree. Using the example of acetate and cycloheximide, in both soils acetate increased respiration, whereas cycloheximide reduced respiration by 56 and 62 %, respectively. For CH4 production, however, no effect was visible for the grassland soil, ...
Consolidation of Soil for Foundation by Using Sand Drains - iep-sac
Consolidation of Soil for Foundation by Using Sand Drains - iep-sac

... ABSTRACT This paper describes the advantage of using sand drains in consolidation of saturated compressible soils. It also discusses the applicable theory, design procedure; type and technique of drain installation as well as monitoring and control procedures. The most significant part of this paper ...
9 Soil and Agriculture Part A PowerPoint
9 Soil and Agriculture Part A PowerPoint

... Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Soil materials stripped ahead of the open cut area and under the
Soil materials stripped ahead of the open cut area and under the

... Soil materials stripped ahead of the open cut area and under the expanded Northern Emplacement Area will be stockpiled in the proposed Eastern and Western Soil Stockpile Areas and placed in windrows along the Wean Road alignment to visually screen mining operations, as well as placed on completed re ...
Eastern States of India
Eastern States of India

... been suffering from various ailments have been a matter of concern not only for tliose engaged in agriculture but also for those dependent on the food produced on these soils. It is now a well known fact that while some regions of thecountry areexperiencing soil salinity, ...
Discovery and microbial content of the driest site of
Discovery and microbial content of the driest site of

... Fig. 3. Phylip NJ (Phylip neighbor joining) phylogenetic tree obtained from the aligned 16S rRNA Streptomyces and related gene sequences using Bosque. Numbers on the nodes represent bootstrap values with 10 000 replicates. The physical aspect of the colonies formed by each isolate is shown in the in ...
Residue management, conservation tillage and soil restoration for
Residue management, conservation tillage and soil restoration for

... This manuscript reviews the potential impact of residue management, conservation tillage and soil restoration on carbon sequestration in world soils. The greenhouse effect is among four principal ecological issues of global concern that include: (i) adequacy of land resources to meet needs of presen ...
Plant and soil characteristics affected by biofertilizers from rocks and
Plant and soil characteristics affected by biofertilizers from rocks and

... The chemical analyses (pH, total N, and available P and K) are shown in Table 1. The pH results significantly differed between both products in regard to period of incubation, especially from 10 to 20 days. The reduction in pH values was evident in the biofertilizer (NPKB) with inoculation of the fr ...
Woodland 1
Woodland 1

... -sunlight is easier to pass though to the ground surface due to thinner ...
Folie 1 - World Agroforestry Centre
Folie 1 - World Agroforestry Centre

... • Low-input system over longterm (fertilization, soil tillage etc.) • Combination with organic farming • Ecological benefits • Economic benefits ...
Folie 1
Folie 1

... • Low-input system over longterm (fertilization, soil tillage etc.) • Combination with organic farming • Ecological benefits • Economic benefits ...
Interactions between mesofauna and microorganisms
Interactions between mesofauna and microorganisms

... presence of litter at the ground surface is also a ...


... This is a medium intensity soil survey consisting of ground observations and aerial photograph interpretation. Its purpose is to provide information for regional planning and catchment management and to identify agricultural and pasture production areas. For intensive land use at the property scale, ...
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Soil compaction (agriculture)

Soil compaction, also known as soil structure degradation, is the increase of bulk density or decrease in porosity of soil due to externally or internally applied loads. Compaction can adversely affect nearly all physical, chemical and biological properties and functions of soil. Together with soil erosion, it is regarded as the ""costliest and most serious environmental problem caused by conventional agriculture.""In agriculture, soil compaction is a complex problem in which soil, crops, weather and machinery interact. External pressure due to the use of heavy machinery and inappropriate soil management can lead to the compaction of subsoil, creating impermeable layers within the soil that restrict water and nutrient cycles. This process can cause on-site effects such as reduced crop growth, yield and quality as well as off-site effects such as increased surface water run-off, soil erosion, greenhouse gas emissions, eutrophication, reduced groundwater recharge and a loss of biodiversity.Unlike salinization or erosion, soil compaction is principally a sub-surface problem and therefore an invisible phenomenon. Special identification methods are necessary to locate, monitor and manage the problem appropriately.Top soil compaction is considered partly reversible and its occurrence controllable. Subsoil compaction, however, is regarded as the major problem because it can be permanent, meaning the pore functions can potentially not be restored after deterioration. Since farmers in modern intensive agriculture depend on heavy machinery and therefore cannot completely avoid compaction, soil compaction management approaches focus on mitigation. Attempts to mitigate soil compaction include biological, chemical and technical approaches. Long-term public policies can tackle the underlying reasons for soil compaction. For instance, subsidies for low-tech agriculture may decrease heavy machinery use on the field, and educational programs aiming at slowing population growth can lower the pressure on agriculture caused by population size.
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