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Global Extent of Soil Degradation - Wageningen UR E
Global Extent of Soil Degradation - Wageningen UR E

... The displacement of soil material by water can have several negative consequences. The removal of part of the usually fertile topsoil reduces the productive capacity of the soil, while in extreme cases the rooting depth can become restricted for agricultural crops. Although measurements of erop yiel ...
Impact of topsoil removal for brick-making on
Impact of topsoil removal for brick-making on

... productivity due to current cultivation. To estimate the replacement cost information on nutrient loss per ton soil eroded, price of nutrients and the cost of labour spreading fertilizer are required. The cost of repair and maintenance of damages due to soil erosion is also included in the replaceme ...
Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition in the Texas Ecoregions:
Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition in the Texas Ecoregions:

... Crosstimbers and is even higher in elevation (900-4000 ft.). The Rolling Plains is a part of the central United States Great Plains system. Like the Crosstimbers ecoregion, it has rolling hills. These topographical features are due to the several rivers that flow through this ecoregion. These rivers ...
Bio 6.2
Bio 6.2

... Soil Resources Topsoil is normally a renewable resource if it is managed properly, but it can be damaged or lost if it is mismanaged. • Conversion of prairie land to cropland in the Great Plains of the U. S. left soil vulnerable to erosion. (Erosion is the removal of soil by water or wind.) • Years ...
Modeling water uptake by root system covered with mucilage at
Modeling water uptake by root system covered with mucilage at

... For many years the rhizosphere which is the zone of soil in the vicinity of the roots and which is influenced by the roots is known as a unique soil environment with different physical, biological and chemical properties than those of the bulk soil. In recent studies, it has been shown that root exu ...
Healthy Soil, Healthy Food, Healthy People
Healthy Soil, Healthy Food, Healthy People

... Assessing combined effects of different cover crops and narrow cash crop row spacing on weed control. Determining the economic threshold density of weed species that would justify weed control in organic systems. Below the threshold density, weed management costs would be greater than expected losse ...
a soil erosion model based on cellular automata
a soil erosion model based on cellular automata

... It is of great significance to dynamically simulate and forecast the development and evolutionary of soil erosion process. Traditionally, most of soil erosion models are essentially steady-state models. Thus, they have limitations at real-time simulation on the initiation and development of soil ero ...
Section 4 Soil Conservation Chapter 9
Section 4 Soil Conservation Chapter 9

... • As a result, many tropical soils are nutrient-poor. • Another reason that the soils in tropical areas are nutrient-poor is that the lush vegetation quickly uses up most of the nutrients in the soil. ...
PowerPoint プレゼンテーション
PowerPoint プレゼンテーション

... Japan showed a declining tendency in recent years. ...
Advances in understanding Arctic Alaska soils and their soil organic
Advances in understanding Arctic Alaska soils and their soil organic

... Global Change Initiative and soil parameters for climate change models. The detailed and specific studies of SOC stocks under the ARCSS-LAII program have indicated that arctic soils likely contain twice as much of the terrestrial C pool as previously reported. This newly accounted for SOC is of sign ...
Soil community composition and ecosystem processes D. A. NEHER
Soil community composition and ecosystem processes D. A. NEHER

... plant productivity, enhancing water relations, regulating nutrient mineralisation, permitting decomposition, and acting as an environmental buffer. Agricultural soils would more closely resemble soils of natural ecosystems if management practices would reduce or eliminate cultivation, heavy machiner ...
Plant Disease Notes: Fusarium and Verticillium Wilt
Plant Disease Notes: Fusarium and Verticillium Wilt

... Fusarium can persist in most soils indefinitely because of its ability to colonize the roots of a number of weeds and to produce resistant spore structures. The fungus usually enters its host through feeder roots. Then it multiplies and colonizes the vascular system. Infection may occur at any time d ...
Application of bioactive peptides in agriculture English
Application of bioactive peptides in agriculture English

... its low protein content, which resulted in its soil microenvironment C / N ratio is high, ...
Paper Title (use style: paper title)
Paper Title (use style: paper title)

... A sledgehammer, but analysis of the deeper layers relies on listening to the natural ‘sound’s sub-surface. There is an advantage over the refraction method, because the result is not limited by the strength of the ‘sound’ from the active sound source. The depth of penetration of the survey is usuall ...
SOIL VAPOR INTRUSION Frequently Asked Questions
SOIL VAPOR INTRUSION Frequently Asked Questions

... Soil vapor, or soil gas, is the air found in the spaces between soil particles. Because the air pressure inside may be lower than in the soil, this vapor may enter buildings through cracks in slabs or basement floors and walls, and through openings around sump pumps or where pipes and electrical wir ...
the use of beneficial microorganisms in cleaning
the use of beneficial microorganisms in cleaning

... products are manufactured to the highest quality standards • All microorganisms are isolates of naturally occurring organisms and are not genetically engineered or modified ...
foundation
foundation

... COMPACTION PILE: These piles are used to compact loose soils, thus increasing their bearing capacity. The compaction piles themselves do not carry any load. Hence they may be of weaker material (sand). The pile tube, driven to compact the soil, is gradually taken out and sand is filled in its place ...
Factors affecting Soil formation
Factors affecting Soil formation

... The colour of the parent rock also influences the rate at which soil is formed. This is because light coloured or shiny parent rock may be more resistant to weathering. On the other hand dark coloured rocks absorb heat, expand and later contract leading to the break down of rocks through the weather ...
Construction of mound systems for subsurface disposal fact sheet
Construction of mound systems for subsurface disposal fact sheet

... mowed and removed from surface area. Pre-treatment process such as septic treatment plant or pumps shall be maintained in accordance with manufacturers and local authority requirements. General Mounds are normally used on relatively flat slopes that have site or soil restrictions. Sloping sites requ ...
Fire-Induced Water-Repellent Soil Layers in Non
Fire-Induced Water-Repellent Soil Layers in Non

... Our study area is a south-facing, non-hydromulched plot of land, situated immediately off of the trail leading from Griffith Observatory to Mt. Hollywood (Fig. 5). We have noted that different parts of this plot exhibit varying degrees of burn severity, which makes it an excellent study area for inv ...
clays/silts sample taken by pushing the tube into soil and sealed to
clays/silts sample taken by pushing the tube into soil and sealed to

... prevents middle cell from expanding vertically • pressure from a gas is applied to the probe and any volume change is measured by a volumeter • settlement prediction and shear strength ENCI 579 ...
Chapter 10 Weathering and Soil Formation
Chapter 10 Weathering and Soil Formation

... played many roles in the Earth system, including affecting the composition of the atmosphere, producing some types of rocks, and contributing to the weathering of rocks. ...
SOIL
SOIL

...  Soil Horizons. It is unlikely that large numbers of distinct horizons will be found in very young soils (recently deposited, or close to bedrock), or very highly developed soils (such as are found in tropical regions). More horizons are found in temperate climates under forest vegetation.  Color. ...
ICCA Glossary - Certified Crop Adviser
ICCA Glossary - Certified Crop Adviser

... Orthophosphate: An inorganic form of plant available phosphorus. P-based nutrient application: Applying crop nutrients with a focus on the most efficient allocation and utilization of phosphorus to supply crop needs, balance nutrient levels, maximize returns, and protect water quality. P index: An ...
Healthy Soil and Leaf Litter Layers
Healthy Soil and Leaf Litter Layers

... spreading it around and releasing ...
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Soil compaction (agriculture)

Soil compaction, also known as soil structure degradation, is the increase of bulk density or decrease in porosity of soil due to externally or internally applied loads. Compaction can adversely affect nearly all physical, chemical and biological properties and functions of soil. Together with soil erosion, it is regarded as the ""costliest and most serious environmental problem caused by conventional agriculture.""In agriculture, soil compaction is a complex problem in which soil, crops, weather and machinery interact. External pressure due to the use of heavy machinery and inappropriate soil management can lead to the compaction of subsoil, creating impermeable layers within the soil that restrict water and nutrient cycles. This process can cause on-site effects such as reduced crop growth, yield and quality as well as off-site effects such as increased surface water run-off, soil erosion, greenhouse gas emissions, eutrophication, reduced groundwater recharge and a loss of biodiversity.Unlike salinization or erosion, soil compaction is principally a sub-surface problem and therefore an invisible phenomenon. Special identification methods are necessary to locate, monitor and manage the problem appropriately.Top soil compaction is considered partly reversible and its occurrence controllable. Subsoil compaction, however, is regarded as the major problem because it can be permanent, meaning the pore functions can potentially not be restored after deterioration. Since farmers in modern intensive agriculture depend on heavy machinery and therefore cannot completely avoid compaction, soil compaction management approaches focus on mitigation. Attempts to mitigate soil compaction include biological, chemical and technical approaches. Long-term public policies can tackle the underlying reasons for soil compaction. For instance, subsidies for low-tech agriculture may decrease heavy machinery use on the field, and educational programs aiming at slowing population growth can lower the pressure on agriculture caused by population size.
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