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slides
slides

... • The fungus itself is much richer in N than plant roots, and calculations suggest that there is as much nitrogen in AM fungi globally as in roots. • Since fungal hyphae (the threads of which the fungus is composed) are much shorter-lived than roots, this finding has implications for the speed with ...
Part II The Soil Community The soil community is made up of soil
Part II The Soil Community The soil community is made up of soil

... as erosion. Erosion follows anytime soil is bared and exposed to the elements. The removal may be slow or sudden. Splash, Sheet and Gully Erosion When falling raindrops breaks up the clumpy structure of the topsoil, the erosion is known as splash erosion. The dislodged particles by splash erosion wa ...
Lecture 2
Lecture 2

... • Rapid increase in LAI and sapwood area = water use (slows in 8-10 years in conifer forests as canopy closes) • Incremental decline in LAI : sapwood means lowered water use over time ...
Azomite - naturesfootprint.com
Azomite - naturesfootprint.com

... over 70 minerals and trace elements that are essential for optimal plant health. The rock formation in Utah from which Azomite is mined was formed when volcanic ash merged with sea water an estimated 30 million years ago. This mixture of volcanic ash and sea water created a unique source of trace mi ...
Chapter 1
Chapter 1

...  * Five types of off-site damage: Eutrophication, turbidity, windblown dust, human health hazard materials, and loss the productivity. 17.3 Mechanics of water erosion  * Three steps of process: detachment, transport and deposition (Fig 17.9, p751)  * Three types of water erosion: sheet erosion, r ...
The Soil Profile
The Soil Profile

... Recycling nutrients Supporting human settlements ...
2004-ag-1537 (Reclaimation of Salt Effected Soils)
2004-ag-1537 (Reclaimation of Salt Effected Soils)

... water to the soil surface. The removal of salts may be ...
Root Distribution of Trees in Relation to Soil Profile
Root Distribution of Trees in Relation to Soil Profile

... the various size classes. Both the average number of roots exposed in vertical cross sections 10 feet in length and the average number per square foot of rock-free cross-sectional area were determined. In most profiles the largest number of roots were found in the A and B horizons (i.e., to depths 8 ...
NAME - KCSE Online
NAME - KCSE Online

... - Basin must dip towards the region where land surface is lower than it is at the exposed end of pervious formation. - Partial / total blockage of exit sufficient for water that collects to be placed under pressure. (any 2 x 1 = 2mks) 4. (a) – Most are dark in colour. - The rocks cool slowly forming ...
Soil
Soil

... What are minerals & why are they important? A ...
Application of zeolite to reduce nitrates
Application of zeolite to reduce nitrates

... Application of zeolite to reduce nitrates concentration in growing media and soil Areas like the Albenga plain in Liguria Region (Italy) are classified as “areas vulnerable to nitrates” and are under specific legislation to limit nitrate contamination of superficial and deep water bodies. The additi ...
organic - Txstate
organic - Txstate

... Size of the soil particles How much organic matter is in the soil The minerals that make up the soil ...
poster
poster

... Evaluation of SoilClim ...
LECTURE 10 - Rhodes University
LECTURE 10 - Rhodes University

... Extremely small (too small to be seen with an ordinary light microscope). Large surface area (surface area of 1g of colloidal clay is at least 1000x that of 1g of coarse sand). Surface charges ...
Soil: Crucible of Life - American Society of Agronomy
Soil: Crucible of Life - American Society of Agronomy

... underground bodies of water. Especially important is the interrelation between the soil and the climate. In addition to its ...
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, and Soil Notes
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, and Soil Notes

... - exfoliation/pressure release (rock expands and contracts causing outer layer to crack and fall off) - burrowing animals ( animals dig up rock and expose it to weathering as well as break up rock with their claws) ...
Markville CGC 1D1
Markville CGC 1D1

... Define the term natural vegetation and provide an example. Then, use the map on page 91 and identify Canada’s 7 vegetation regions. Provide the relative location for each region and the provinces/territories it covers. For example, vegetation region A is located in the northwestern region of Canada. ...
Presentation
Presentation

... good clumping mixtures during cultivation. Loams contain a good supply of nutrients, necessary for the organisms living in the soil. Loam or silty soils have a texture which is most suitable for the greatest variety of living organisms. ...
Soil Nutrients
Soil Nutrients

... To maximize yield To maximize profit To maintain soil fertility ...
Document
Document

... Organisms cannot complete their life cycles without EE EE are not replaceable by other elements and/or EE are proven to be necessary for specific physiological functions ...
module 2
module 2

... MODULE 2 ...
Agricultural Science Past Exam Questions Soil Science
Agricultural Science Past Exam Questions Soil Science

... (i) Match each field with its appropriate result and justify your choice in each case. (ii) Which one of the three macronutrients above is not considered a serious pollutant of water? (b) ...
Earthworms in the Non-glaciated Americas
Earthworms in the Non-glaciated Americas

... global in scope, and is the subject of some recent debate. On one hand, earthworms are consideredtobeindicatorsofgoodsoilqualityduetotheirpositiveeffectsonwaterrelations, nutrientavailability,etc.,butontheotherhand,introducedearthwormsdonotalwayshave str ...
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS STRIVE Report No. 67
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS STRIVE Report No. 67

... greater than treatment effects for all soil organism groups.  New molecular biology and isotopic tools were used to investigate the interrelationships of important soil species and ecological functions. Grassland ants were shown to alter the properties of soil and to harbour (in their nests and abd ...
Disaster Management Plan of Industry Department
Disaster Management Plan of Industry Department

... • Per capita land availability has dropped from 0.48 ha in 1951 to 0.16 ha in 1991 and is projected to drop to 0.08 ha in 2035. • Enhancing and sustaining productivity and income of small farms ...
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Soil compaction (agriculture)

Soil compaction, also known as soil structure degradation, is the increase of bulk density or decrease in porosity of soil due to externally or internally applied loads. Compaction can adversely affect nearly all physical, chemical and biological properties and functions of soil. Together with soil erosion, it is regarded as the ""costliest and most serious environmental problem caused by conventional agriculture.""In agriculture, soil compaction is a complex problem in which soil, crops, weather and machinery interact. External pressure due to the use of heavy machinery and inappropriate soil management can lead to the compaction of subsoil, creating impermeable layers within the soil that restrict water and nutrient cycles. This process can cause on-site effects such as reduced crop growth, yield and quality as well as off-site effects such as increased surface water run-off, soil erosion, greenhouse gas emissions, eutrophication, reduced groundwater recharge and a loss of biodiversity.Unlike salinization or erosion, soil compaction is principally a sub-surface problem and therefore an invisible phenomenon. Special identification methods are necessary to locate, monitor and manage the problem appropriately.Top soil compaction is considered partly reversible and its occurrence controllable. Subsoil compaction, however, is regarded as the major problem because it can be permanent, meaning the pore functions can potentially not be restored after deterioration. Since farmers in modern intensive agriculture depend on heavy machinery and therefore cannot completely avoid compaction, soil compaction management approaches focus on mitigation. Attempts to mitigate soil compaction include biological, chemical and technical approaches. Long-term public policies can tackle the underlying reasons for soil compaction. For instance, subsidies for low-tech agriculture may decrease heavy machinery use on the field, and educational programs aiming at slowing population growth can lower the pressure on agriculture caused by population size.
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