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Unfolding ray trace for plates and wedges - E
Unfolding ray trace for plates and wedges - E

... beam splitters, to displace images and beams, and for changing the polarization as well as the direction of rays and focal distances in optical systems, and also, as second and multiple reflection mirrors and some other applications [1,2]. The wedges are normally used as thin prisms in optical syste ...
00 Fourier optics – 4f Arrangement – Filtering and reconstruction
00 Fourier optics – 4f Arrangement – Filtering and reconstruction

... Fourier plane P2, by positioning a pinhole diaphragm (diameter: 1 – 2 mm) in such a manner that only a single, arbitrary diffraction maximum passes through Observe the image on the screen Sc. – (b) Clamp the slide (Emperor Maximilian) and the grid (4 lines/mm in vertical direction) together in the o ...
Varying the Effective Refractive Index to Measure
Varying the Effective Refractive Index to Measure

... 2:1  0:1 m2 =ms, which is in excellent agreement with the result from the index tuning experiment. Our precise measurement method for measuring  is applicable to a variety of samples, and assumes no specific effective medium model. The parameter  can also be predicted using models of the effectiv ...
The basic purpose of a lens of any kind is to collect the light
The basic purpose of a lens of any kind is to collect the light

Transformation-designed optical elements
Transformation-designed optical elements

... scalar refractive index. This lack of invariance is not a problem if one can accept the requirement that the image and object planes lie in media of differing refractive index. For magnification, M, one can have perfect lens image fidelity, when the image plane lies in a medium of refractive index n ...
He-Ne laser -- Optical Resonator
He-Ne laser -- Optical Resonator

Combining Photonic Crystal and Optical Monte
Combining Photonic Crystal and Optical Monte

... samples comparing the one-dimensional data sets UMeas (θL ) and USimu (θL ) for fixed values of φL and p at a significance level α = 0.05. The results of this analysis are summarized in the agreement metric η, which is defined as the number of one-dimensional data sets for which H0 was not rejected, ...
Third Order Nonlinear Distortion Reduction in Broadband ASE Source - Based Full-Duplex ROF Transport Systems
Third Order Nonlinear Distortion Reduction in Broadband ASE Source - Based Full-Duplex ROF Transport Systems

Compact Magnetic Antennas for Directional Excitation of Surface Plasmons Yongmin Liu, Stefano Palomba,
Compact Magnetic Antennas for Directional Excitation of Surface Plasmons Yongmin Liu, Stefano Palomba,

... smaller one resonates at relatively shorter wavelength due to the reduced capacitance and inductance of the structure. As expected, there is a relative phase difference between the two resonators, as shown in Figure 2c, which will be used as a key parameter in the design of the magnetic nanoantennas. ...
Compact Magnetic Antennas for Directional Excitation of Surface Plasmons Yongmin Liu, Stefano Palomba,
Compact Magnetic Antennas for Directional Excitation of Surface Plasmons Yongmin Liu, Stefano Palomba,

... smaller one resonates at relatively shorter wavelength due to the reduced capacitance and inductance of the structure. As expected, there is a relative phase difference between the two resonators, as shown in Figure 2c, which will be used as a key parameter in the design of the magnetic nanoantennas. ...
Slowdown of light due to exciton-polariton propagation in ZnO
Slowdown of light due to exciton-polariton propagation in ZnO

... transmitted through a 0.55-mm-thick Cermet ZnO sample in the α-measurement geometry (kc, E⊥c). Several important features can be noticed. First of all, the light could only be transmitted when photon energies are below 3.360 eV, which indicates strong near-band-edge absorption at the higher energie ...
Physics 212: General Physics II
Physics 212: General Physics II

... PHY212: General Physics II PCC-Cascade ...
Superposed Strokes Analysis by Conoscopic Holography as aid for
Superposed Strokes Analysis by Conoscopic Holography as aid for

... In Conoscopic holography, the object and reference beams of coherent holography are replaced by the ordinary and the extraordinary components of a single beam propagating in birefringent media. Therefore, the signal and reference beams have the same geometrical paths but different optical path-lengt ...
Waves All Around Us!
Waves All Around Us!

... Phase difference is expressed in degrees from 0 to 360. If the difference is 180 degrees then the two signals are said to be in antiphase: they are equal but opposite, and if added together will sum to zero. If the phase difference is 90 degrees then the signals are said to be in quadrature. ...
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE REFRACTIVE INDICES AND
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE REFRACTIVE INDICES AND

... anisotropy of molecular organization. As they are birefringent materials, they shows double refraction phenomenon, having two indices of refraction (extraordinary ne and ordinary no indices) and birefringence ∆n=ne–no. Optical birefringence is strongly temperature dependent. This property is very im ...
PDF
PDF

Generation of lattices of optical vortices
Generation of lattices of optical vortices

... Optical vortices are intriguing objects that attract much attention1 and display fascinating properties with possible applications in the optical transmission of information and in guiding and trapping of particles. Vortices can be generated in several different controllable ways in lasers with larg ...
Experiment 15
Experiment 15

... between the given focal length and this value? (b) What value did you determine for the converging lens focal length from the 1/s vs. 1/s’ graph in Part A? What is the percentage difference between the given focal length and this value? 3. What happens to the image if half of the converging lens is ...
M. Tech in Optoelectronics and Laser Technology
M. Tech in Optoelectronics and Laser Technology

... The objective of the seminar is to impart training to the students in collecting materials on a specific topic from books, journals and sources, compressing and organizing them in a logical sequence, and presenting the matter effectively both orally and as a technical report. The basic thrust is to ...
Radiative transfer in ocean turbulence and its effect on underwater
Radiative transfer in ocean turbulence and its effect on underwater

Photonic Devices I Purpose of the Lab
Photonic Devices I Purpose of the Lab

Demonstration of high waveguide bending efficiency (>90%) in a m wavelengths µ
Demonstration of high waveguide bending efficiency (>90%) in a m wavelengths µ

PDF
PDF

Practical Calculations for Designing a Newtonian Telescope
Practical Calculations for Designing a Newtonian Telescope

... more light the instrument gathers and the higher the resolution will be. Resolution is determined solely by the aperture and is often confused with image quality or a loss in contrast. The choice for those primarily interested in "deep sky" observing is usually a fast focal ratio, or Richest Field, ...
Polarization and Polarization Control
Polarization and Polarization Control

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Retroreflector



A retroreflector (sometimes called a retroflector or cataphote) is a device or surface that reflects light back to its source with a minimum of scattering. In a retroreflector an electromagnetic wavefront is reflected back along a vector that is parallel to but opposite in direction from the wave's source. The angle of incidence at which the device or surface reflects light in this way is greater than zero, unlike a planar mirror, which does this only if the mirror is exactly perpendicular to the wave front, having a zero angle of incidence.
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