The Strontium Optical Lattice Clock
... microwave clocks have demonstrated impressive frequency measurement accuracy, with fractional uncertainties below the 10−15 level. On the other hand, frequency standards based on optical transitions have made substantial steps forward over the last decade, benefiting from their high operational freq ...
... microwave clocks have demonstrated impressive frequency measurement accuracy, with fractional uncertainties below the 10−15 level. On the other hand, frequency standards based on optical transitions have made substantial steps forward over the last decade, benefiting from their high operational freq ...
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... [26–28]. SPR is similar to ellipsometry in being a noninvasive optical characterization technique, but SPR uses a noble metal coating on sensors (typically gold) to create a highly sensitive evanescent field at the metal surface, thus creating conditions which are extremely sensitive to small change ...
... [26–28]. SPR is similar to ellipsometry in being a noninvasive optical characterization technique, but SPR uses a noble metal coating on sensors (typically gold) to create a highly sensitive evanescent field at the metal surface, thus creating conditions which are extremely sensitive to small change ...
Design and Analysis of Integrated Optical Waveguide Structures and
... (~ 150 nm) and the modal dispersion in the core are one of the key driving factors. These facts clearly underline the improvement potential of the used fabrication processes. However, electroluminescence (EL) measurements of waveguide butt-coupled Si-based LEDs due to the implanted rare earth (RE) i ...
... (~ 150 nm) and the modal dispersion in the core are one of the key driving factors. These facts clearly underline the improvement potential of the used fabrication processes. However, electroluminescence (EL) measurements of waveguide butt-coupled Si-based LEDs due to the implanted rare earth (RE) i ...
development and verification of the non
... Aberrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Optical beam parameters . . . . . . . . ...
... Aberrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Optical beam parameters . . . . . . . . ...
Elaboration and optimization of tellurite-based
... only the largest T reported for these highly nonlinear glasses to date, but coincides with a commensurate decrease of the refractive index. A hydroxyl purification has been developed that when employed, resulted in high purity preform materials exhibiting a limited absorption in the transmission b ...
... only the largest T reported for these highly nonlinear glasses to date, but coincides with a commensurate decrease of the refractive index. A hydroxyl purification has been developed that when employed, resulted in high purity preform materials exhibiting a limited absorption in the transmission b ...
Principles of Fiber Optic Communication
... developments in the area of light sources and detectors have brought about a phenomenal growth of the fiber optic industry during the past two decades. Its high bandwidth capabilities and low attenuation characteristics make it ideal for gigabit data transmission and beyond. The birth of optical fib ...
... developments in the area of light sources and detectors have brought about a phenomenal growth of the fiber optic industry during the past two decades. Its high bandwidth capabilities and low attenuation characteristics make it ideal for gigabit data transmission and beyond. The birth of optical fib ...
Development of a Tm3+-doped Fluoride Glass - DORAS
... including small size and ease of adaptability into industrial systems. The fibre laser constructed in this work has an operating wavelength of X = 2.3 n.m, which corresponds to an absorption band of many hydrocarbon gases. The thulium-doped fibre has been fully characterised in terms of absorption, ...
... including small size and ease of adaptability into industrial systems. The fibre laser constructed in this work has an operating wavelength of X = 2.3 n.m, which corresponds to an absorption band of many hydrocarbon gases. The thulium-doped fibre has been fully characterised in terms of absorption, ...
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... Fig. 7. (a) Appearance and (b) configuration of prototype multicarrier light source. ...
... Fig. 7. (a) Appearance and (b) configuration of prototype multicarrier light source. ...
Displacement laser interferometry with sub-nanometer
... considered when measuring with these systems with (sub-)nanometer uncertainty, along with possible methods to overcome these errors. When considering interferometric displacement measurements with nanometer uncertainty over small distances (below 1 mm) the measurements are influenced by periodic dev ...
... considered when measuring with these systems with (sub-)nanometer uncertainty, along with possible methods to overcome these errors. When considering interferometric displacement measurements with nanometer uncertainty over small distances (below 1 mm) the measurements are influenced by periodic dev ...
Integrated Opto-Micro uidic Lab-on-a-Chip in
... Micro uidic technology holds great promise as ti can perform typical laboratory applications using a fraction of the volume of reagents in signi cantly less time. For these reasons, applications for micro uidics have clearly advanced from their root in microanalytical chemistry. Unlike continuous o ...
... Micro uidic technology holds great promise as ti can perform typical laboratory applications using a fraction of the volume of reagents in signi cantly less time. For these reasons, applications for micro uidics have clearly advanced from their root in microanalytical chemistry. Unlike continuous o ...
Growth and Nano-structural Studies of Metallic Multilayers for X-ray Mirrors Naureen Ghafoor
... and convergence of X-rays, for building X-ray microscopes, spectrometers, polarimeters or polarizers, X-ray lithography tools required in the electronic industry, X-ray diagnostic of high temperature plasma and for exploring the fascinating world of cosmology and astronomy by solar imaging instrumen ...
... and convergence of X-rays, for building X-ray microscopes, spectrometers, polarimeters or polarizers, X-ray lithography tools required in the electronic industry, X-ray diagnostic of high temperature plasma and for exploring the fascinating world of cosmology and astronomy by solar imaging instrumen ...
Optical Shop Testing
... No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the p ...
... No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the p ...
The Graduate School Eberly College of Science
... The shift of the energy levels of a two level atomic system due to the presence of an oscillating electromagnetic field. This AC Stark effect results in a resonance frequency shift to higher frequencies when the detuning of the beam is negative and lower frequencies when the detuning is positive. . . ...
... The shift of the energy levels of a two level atomic system due to the presence of an oscillating electromagnetic field. This AC Stark effect results in a resonance frequency shift to higher frequencies when the detuning of the beam is negative and lower frequencies when the detuning is positive. . . ...
Retarder Principles
... Quartz has a birefringence of ~0.0092 in the visible region. From the equations shown on the previous page, a true zeroorder quartz quarter waveplate for 550 nm operation is only 15 mm thick. Such a thin, fragile retarder presents handling difficulties in both fabrication and mounting. More commonly ...
... Quartz has a birefringence of ~0.0092 in the visible region. From the equations shown on the previous page, a true zeroorder quartz quarter waveplate for 550 nm operation is only 15 mm thick. Such a thin, fragile retarder presents handling difficulties in both fabrication and mounting. More commonly ...
Retroreflector
A retroreflector (sometimes called a retroflector or cataphote) is a device or surface that reflects light back to its source with a minimum of scattering. In a retroreflector an electromagnetic wavefront is reflected back along a vector that is parallel to but opposite in direction from the wave's source. The angle of incidence at which the device or surface reflects light in this way is greater than zero, unlike a planar mirror, which does this only if the mirror is exactly perpendicular to the wave front, having a zero angle of incidence.