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freshman engineering laboratory
freshman engineering laboratory

... What we are concerned with is the ability to produce a product at a cost that results in a net profit for each item sold. The difference in the cost of production and the sales price is called the profit margin and should be sufficient to support continued investment in the company (e.g., research a ...
Flatland optics - Weizmann Institute of Science
Flatland optics - Weizmann Institute of Science

Wormald Coupland On measuring 3D flow within inkjet droplet
Wormald Coupland On measuring 3D flow within inkjet droplet

... In essence, the large refractive index change between different phases causes refraction and reflection at fluid interfaces and this can be attributed to the failure of commercial optical diagnostics. For the most part optical metrology has been developed for use in homogenous fluids or for operatio ...
Fiber Optic Switches
Fiber Optic Switches

... Acronym. MEMS - Micro-electromechanical system Technology. MEMS are miniature devices fabricated with a process called micro machining. The structures range in dimensions from a few hundred microns to millimeters, and are mostly fabricated on silicon substrates, using standard semiconductor processi ...
Fiberoptic Communication Systems
Fiberoptic Communication Systems

... materials having different refractive indices. The refractive index determines the speed of the wave inside the material. The speed of light v inside any material is given by the following expression, ...
Fundamental Limits in Confocal Microscopy
Fundamental Limits in Confocal Microscopy

Fiber optic devices and systems
Fiber optic devices and systems

... larger refractive index than the outer one. This structure was already proposed in the late 19th century but its practical application started with the development of endoscopy in medical technology in the early 1950s when the then Indian PhD student, Narinder S. Kapany, was asked by his supervisor, ...
slac memorandum - Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
slac memorandum - Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource

... 1. This ray originates at the bellows module at the upstream end of the second beamloss region of the SLM line, bypasses lead stack #3 on the SPEAR side, passes over the top (vertically) of the BL1 collimator near the BL1 injection stoppers, and ends at the ratchet wall. It makes an angle of 9.0° to ...
Fast-light for astrophysics - Laboratory for Atomic and Photonic
Fast-light for astrophysics - Laboratory for Atomic and Photonic

... both the broadened bandwidth and an effect related to the sensitivity enhancement that we are investigating has also been proposed for LIGO [9]. Second, the enhanced length sensitivity could be useful in optical gyroscopes that detect the rotation rate of a cavity as a change in its resonant frequenc ...
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)

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... Scanning systems: If laser scanning mechanisms are present, they shall not allow operator exposure even in the case of failure or abnormal operations. Are beam scanning systems present? Warning signs and indicators: The entrances to areas or protective enclosures containing Class 3B or 4 lasers shou ...
Optics and Photonics H. A. Haus
Optics and Photonics H. A. Haus

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A method for controlling the bandwidth of high-energy, few

Experimental studies of far-field superlens for sub-diffractional optical imaging
Experimental studies of far-field superlens for sub-diffractional optical imaging

... spectrum of frequency in composite metamaterials [13-16], photonic crystals [17-19], and most recently in natural silver [20, 21] and SiC film [22]. However, all the superlens experimental demonstrations so far are limited to near-field image projection originating from the very underlying principle ...
Additional sample assessment material - Unit 1 Principles
Additional sample assessment material - Unit 1 Principles

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Lights, action: optical tweezers
Lights, action: optical tweezers

... multiple objects can be held and manipulated by timesharing a single beam [7]. Multiple optical tweezers can be created in this way because viscous drag on the trapped objects is su ciently high to provide positiona l `persistence’ while the laser beam is elsewhere, servicing another object. In pra ...
Fine Structure Constant Defines Visual Transparency of Graphene
Fine Structure Constant Defines Visual Transparency of Graphene

5. INTERFERENCE. Introduction.
5. INTERFERENCE. Introduction.

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Pulsed Solid State Laser with Passive Q
Pulsed Solid State Laser with Passive Q

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Finite-energy, accelerating Bessel pulses

... through the optical element that reshapes the input pulse and on a linear non-paraxial spectral propagator, developed following the indication in [14], in order to reproduce the actual pulse spatio-temporal profile during propagation after the reshaping optical element. The approach followed is iden ...
Controlling the Phase and Amplitude of Plasmon Sources at a Subwavelength Scale
Controlling the Phase and Amplitude of Plasmon Sources at a Subwavelength Scale

... antenna, however, the lateral size can be reduced to half a plasmon wavelength (compared to a minimum size of several wavelengths in ref 16). Additionally, the top surface of our antenna is flat, which may prove useful for many applications such as sensing. Furthermore, using both the gap plasmon di ...
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of optical-fiber dispersion

THE FRESNEL DIFFRACTION : A STORY OF LIGHT AND DARKNESS
THE FRESNEL DIFFRACTION : A STORY OF LIGHT AND DARKNESS

Dual-color total internal reflection fluorescence cross
Dual-color total internal reflection fluorescence cross

Wavefront control of UV narrow bandpass filters prepared
Wavefront control of UV narrow bandpass filters prepared

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Retroreflector



A retroreflector (sometimes called a retroflector or cataphote) is a device or surface that reflects light back to its source with a minimum of scattering. In a retroreflector an electromagnetic wavefront is reflected back along a vector that is parallel to but opposite in direction from the wave's source. The angle of incidence at which the device or surface reflects light in this way is greater than zero, unlike a planar mirror, which does this only if the mirror is exactly perpendicular to the wave front, having a zero angle of incidence.
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