Optical pumping of a lithium atomic beam for atom interferometry
... beams are imperfect: the polarizer or the quarter-wave plate may have small defects; the quarter-wave plate axis is not perfectly adjusted; the angle between the laser beam axis and the magnetic field is not exactly zero; the windows crossed by the laser beams when entering the vacuum chamber are sl ...
... beams are imperfect: the polarizer or the quarter-wave plate may have small defects; the quarter-wave plate axis is not perfectly adjusted; the angle between the laser beam axis and the magnetic field is not exactly zero; the windows crossed by the laser beams when entering the vacuum chamber are sl ...
Numerical Analysis of Relative Phase and Amplitude at the
... – nonlinearity causes the breaking waves, and – dispersion causes spreading of the wave package. There are several types of mechanisms for generating optical solitons. The first successful experiment was a model of two-cavities laser published 1984th year. During 1987. year, Berg and Christiansen pr ...
... – nonlinearity causes the breaking waves, and – dispersion causes spreading of the wave package. There are several types of mechanisms for generating optical solitons. The first successful experiment was a model of two-cavities laser published 1984th year. During 1987. year, Berg and Christiansen pr ...
Lateral shearing interferometry for EUV optical testing
... As demands increase for high quality optics in the Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) and Soft X-ray (SXR) regions for applications in high resolution microscopy and lithography, it is becoming increasingly important to have a reliable means for measuring these optics. In Lateral Shearing Interferometry (LSI ...
... As demands increase for high quality optics in the Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) and Soft X-ray (SXR) regions for applications in high resolution microscopy and lithography, it is becoming increasingly important to have a reliable means for measuring these optics. In Lateral Shearing Interferometry (LSI ...
CHAPTER 1 PHYSICAL OPTICS: INTERFERENCE • Introduction
... approximation of geometric optics is not valid. So, it is intermediate between geometric optics, which ignores wave effects, and full wave electromagnetism, which is a precise theory. ...
... approximation of geometric optics is not valid. So, it is intermediate between geometric optics, which ignores wave effects, and full wave electromagnetism, which is a precise theory. ...
Optical Properties of Aluminum Oxide
... (HgCl2) solution and retrieving the floating films on an Al2O3 TEM support. Films prepared by this route were placed in a pure Al2O3 crucible and annealed in air for 15 min at 1200°C. The TEM specimen was coated with carbon to avoid charging during investigation by electron microscopy. The specimen ...
... (HgCl2) solution and retrieving the floating films on an Al2O3 TEM support. Films prepared by this route were placed in a pure Al2O3 crucible and annealed in air for 15 min at 1200°C. The TEM specimen was coated with carbon to avoid charging during investigation by electron microscopy. The specimen ...
Optical Properties of Aluminum Oxide
... (HgCl2) solution and retrieving the floating films on an Al2O3 TEM support. Films prepared by this route were placed in a pure Al2O3 crucible and annealed in air for 15 min at 1200°C. The TEM specimen was coated with carbon to avoid charging during investigation by electron microscopy. The specimen ...
... (HgCl2) solution and retrieving the floating films on an Al2O3 TEM support. Films prepared by this route were placed in a pure Al2O3 crucible and annealed in air for 15 min at 1200°C. The TEM specimen was coated with carbon to avoid charging during investigation by electron microscopy. The specimen ...
Optical Waveguide Modes
... on whether (k 2 n i2 − β 2 ), i = 1, 2, 3, is greater than or less than zero. Of course, E(x, y) and ∂E(x, y)/∂x must be continuous at the interface between layers. Hence the possible modes are limited to those shown in Fig. 2.2. Consider how the mode shape changes as a function of β, for the case o ...
... on whether (k 2 n i2 − β 2 ), i = 1, 2, 3, is greater than or less than zero. Of course, E(x, y) and ∂E(x, y)/∂x must be continuous at the interface between layers. Hence the possible modes are limited to those shown in Fig. 2.2. Consider how the mode shape changes as a function of β, for the case o ...
Diffraction of light by a single slit and gratings
... compared to the intensity observed at any other angle. According to equation (9), we expect between principal maxima (N 1) intensity minima and (N – 2) weak secondary maxima, which strength relative to the principal maxima rapidly decreases with increasing N. If in each slit we have only one sourc ...
... compared to the intensity observed at any other angle. According to equation (9), we expect between principal maxima (N 1) intensity minima and (N – 2) weak secondary maxima, which strength relative to the principal maxima rapidly decreases with increasing N. If in each slit we have only one sourc ...
Physical Optics
... apertures in its path. We then introduce a very powerful mathematical tool, the Fourier transform and show how this can help in solving difficult diffraction problems. Fourier methods are used very widely in physics and recognise the inter-relation of variables in different dimensions such as “time ...
... apertures in its path. We then introduce a very powerful mathematical tool, the Fourier transform and show how this can help in solving difficult diffraction problems. Fourier methods are used very widely in physics and recognise the inter-relation of variables in different dimensions such as “time ...
EBSD SEM TEM
... 1.2.2 Factors which influence the resolution of the imaging system One of the most powerful tools to improve the resolution is the probe’s wave length (λ): The resolution normal to the direction of the incident beam, often called spatial resolution, is influenced by the diameter of the incident be ...
... 1.2.2 Factors which influence the resolution of the imaging system One of the most powerful tools to improve the resolution is the probe’s wave length (λ): The resolution normal to the direction of the incident beam, often called spatial resolution, is influenced by the diameter of the incident be ...
Comprehensive and reliable diagnostics for the corona of laser
... pulses at with pulse energy of 500 mJ, pulse duration varying from 150 to 550 ps. When it is used as probe laser, the shortest pulse duration is always selected. Second and fourth harmonics are available, the corresponding energies are 240 and 60 mJ respectively. The line width is less than 0.1 cm-1 ...
... pulses at with pulse energy of 500 mJ, pulse duration varying from 150 to 550 ps. When it is used as probe laser, the shortest pulse duration is always selected. Second and fourth harmonics are available, the corresponding energies are 240 and 60 mJ respectively. The line width is less than 0.1 cm-1 ...
Birefringence dispersion in fused silica for DUV lithography
... For measurements at 633nm and 248nm linearly polarized light was produced using Glan Taylor polarizers with a 10 5:1 extinction ratio. A pair of polarizing beam splitter cubes was used for tests at 193nm with a 200:1 extinction ratio. To ensure measurement of the maximum sample birefringence, the in ...
... For measurements at 633nm and 248nm linearly polarized light was produced using Glan Taylor polarizers with a 10 5:1 extinction ratio. A pair of polarizing beam splitter cubes was used for tests at 193nm with a 200:1 extinction ratio. To ensure measurement of the maximum sample birefringence, the in ...
spherical aberration
... The magnitude of the differences between the tangential and sagittal MTF components clearly show more variability for the unequal conic design. ...
... The magnitude of the differences between the tangential and sagittal MTF components clearly show more variability for the unequal conic design. ...
spherical aberration
... The magnitude of the differences between the tangential and sagittal MTF components clearly show more variability for the unequal conic design. ...
... The magnitude of the differences between the tangential and sagittal MTF components clearly show more variability for the unequal conic design. ...
Temporal mode selectivity by frequency conversion in second
... in different optical channels defined by different orthogonal waveforms to be spatially separated [3]. The waveforms making up the orthogonal basis set will be overlapping in both time and frequency spectra, so standard frequency or time separation techniques do not apply. Because waveforms, or wave ...
... in different optical channels defined by different orthogonal waveforms to be spatially separated [3]. The waveforms making up the orthogonal basis set will be overlapping in both time and frequency spectra, so standard frequency or time separation techniques do not apply. Because waveforms, or wave ...
Sample Pages
... experiments,65,75–77 can be used as the immersion medium for tissue study and imaging.20,28 Proteins smaller than albumin may offer a potential alternative because of relatively high scattering of albumin. Sometimes medical diagnosis or contrasting of a lesion image can be provided by the enhancemen ...
... experiments,65,75–77 can be used as the immersion medium for tissue study and imaging.20,28 Proteins smaller than albumin may offer a potential alternative because of relatively high scattering of albumin. Sometimes medical diagnosis or contrasting of a lesion image can be provided by the enhancemen ...
Session 10 Wave Optics
... Suppose we have two waves to add up, but that their phases are constantly changing at random. The resulting intensity would be the average value of I for the range of phases. To get this we average cos2 over all angles which, if we do the integral or look it up, we’ll find gives a factor of ½. Thus ...
... Suppose we have two waves to add up, but that their phases are constantly changing at random. The resulting intensity would be the average value of I for the range of phases. To get this we average cos2 over all angles which, if we do the integral or look it up, we’ll find gives a factor of ½. Thus ...
Exp. 71 - Caltech
... The Optical Spectrum Analyzer. If we can scan the cavity length, for example by attaching one mirror to a piezo-electric transducer (PZT) tube, as shown in Figure 2, then we can make an interesting gadget called an optical spectrum analyzer. Scanning the spacing L (which equivalently scans the phase ...
... The Optical Spectrum Analyzer. If we can scan the cavity length, for example by attaching one mirror to a piezo-electric transducer (PZT) tube, as shown in Figure 2, then we can make an interesting gadget called an optical spectrum analyzer. Scanning the spacing L (which equivalently scans the phase ...
Global measurement of water waves by Fourier transform
... Their method consists on using a pair of sequential images captured by two cameras arranged in stereo position. This method is suitable for the accurate measurement of both small-amplitude waves and surface discontinuities. Recently, Moisy et al. (2008) proposed an optical technique based on digital ...
... Their method consists on using a pair of sequential images captured by two cameras arranged in stereo position. This method is suitable for the accurate measurement of both small-amplitude waves and surface discontinuities. Recently, Moisy et al. (2008) proposed an optical technique based on digital ...
May2013050308
... density decreases from 3.8774x1018 cm-3 to 3.0813x1018 cm-3. For a high value of differential gain of 4x10-16cm2 a maximum modulation bandwidth is obtained as 22.5 GHz. Further by increasing the differential gain from 4x10-16cm2 to 5x10-16cm2 it is found that the carrier density decreases drasticall ...
... density decreases from 3.8774x1018 cm-3 to 3.0813x1018 cm-3. For a high value of differential gain of 4x10-16cm2 a maximum modulation bandwidth is obtained as 22.5 GHz. Further by increasing the differential gain from 4x10-16cm2 to 5x10-16cm2 it is found that the carrier density decreases drasticall ...