as a PDF - Department of Engineering Science
... From these considerations it is possible to see why commercial microscopes, operating under the sine condition refocus by changing the distance between the specimen and objective, as any attempt to detect images away from the optimal image plane will lead to a degradation by spherical aberration. In ...
... From these considerations it is possible to see why commercial microscopes, operating under the sine condition refocus by changing the distance between the specimen and objective, as any attempt to detect images away from the optimal image plane will lead to a degradation by spherical aberration. In ...
Basic Physical Optics
... to locate the image points and light rays are lines that intersect clearly at geometrical points. But in reality, if you were to examine such image points with a microscope, you would see structure in the “point,” a structure explained only when you invoke the true wave nature of light. In effect, t ...
... to locate the image points and light rays are lines that intersect clearly at geometrical points. But in reality, if you were to examine such image points with a microscope, you would see structure in the “point,” a structure explained only when you invoke the true wave nature of light. In effect, t ...
Telescopes.
... • STATION 3: Focusing the Flame Line up the paper with the flame. Move the lens back and forth until you are able to focus an image of the flame on the paper. Use the different lenses. ...
... • STATION 3: Focusing the Flame Line up the paper with the flame. Move the lens back and forth until you are able to focus an image of the flame on the paper. Use the different lenses. ...
The Fabry-Pérot Interferometer
... the transmitted light is recorded by a photomultiplier fixed behind the exit slit of grating double monochromator. The monochromator (Fig. 8) keeps all spectral lines out apart from the line in question, for example the green mercury line at 546.07 nm. Two light sources are on disposition, actually ...
... the transmitted light is recorded by a photomultiplier fixed behind the exit slit of grating double monochromator. The monochromator (Fig. 8) keeps all spectral lines out apart from the line in question, for example the green mercury line at 546.07 nm. Two light sources are on disposition, actually ...
The Optics of the Compound Eye of the Honeybee
... ommatidia were not compressed. The preparation was observed under a microscope illuminated by a microbeam produced by placing a specially made 1 electron microscope aperture (C. W. French & Co., Weston, Mass.) on top of the microscope condenser, one-half mm away from the eye. The illumination used w ...
... ommatidia were not compressed. The preparation was observed under a microscope illuminated by a microbeam produced by placing a specially made 1 electron microscope aperture (C. W. French & Co., Weston, Mass.) on top of the microscope condenser, one-half mm away from the eye. The illumination used w ...
PPT
... – dark adapted pupil up to 7 mm diameter (2–3 mm in daylight) – sets limit on minimum magnification (if you want to use the full aperture) • 210 mm aperture telescope must have M > 30 • for f/5 scope, means f2 < 35 mm; f/10 scope means f2 < 70 mm • 3.5-m scope means M > 500; at f/10, f2 < 70 mm Spri ...
... – dark adapted pupil up to 7 mm diameter (2–3 mm in daylight) – sets limit on minimum magnification (if you want to use the full aperture) • 210 mm aperture telescope must have M > 30 • for f/5 scope, means f2 < 35 mm; f/10 scope means f2 < 70 mm • 3.5-m scope means M > 500; at f/10, f2 < 70 mm Spri ...
Airy disk
In optics, the Airy disk (or Airy disc) and Airy pattern are descriptions of the best focused spot of light that a perfect lens with a circular aperture can make, limited by the diffraction of light. The Airy disk is of importance in physics, optics, and astronomy.The diffraction pattern resulting from a uniformly-illuminated circular aperture has a bright region in the center, known as the Airy disk which together with the series of concentric bright rings around is called the Airy pattern. Both are named after George Biddell Airy. The disk and rings phenomenon had been known prior to Airy; John Herschel described the appearance of a bright star seen through a telescope under high magnification for an 1828 article on light for the Encyclopedia Metropolitana:...the star is then seen (in favourable circumstances of tranquil atmosphere, uniform temperature, &c.) as a perfectly round, well-defined planetary disc, surrounded by two, three, or more alternately dark and bright rings, which, if examined attentively, are seen to be slightly coloured at their borders. They succeed each other nearly at equal intervals round the central disc....However, Airy wrote the first full theoretical treatment explaining the phenomenon (his 1835 ""On the Diffraction of an Object-glass with Circular Aperture"").Mathematically, the diffraction pattern is characterized by the wavelength of light illuminating the circular aperture, and the aperture's size. The appearance of the diffraction pattern is additionally characterized by the sensitivity of the eye or other detector used to observe the pattern.The most important application of this concept is in cameras and telescopes. Owing to diffraction, the smallest point to which a lens or mirror can focus a beam of light is the size of the Airy disk. Even if one were able to make a perfect lens, there is still a limit to the resolution of an image created by this lens. An optical system in which the resolution is no longer limited by imperfections in the lenses but only by diffraction is said to be diffraction limited.