Beam steering with spatial light modulators: Quantisation effects
... While at dmatch the aimed position is perfectly achieved (Fig. 3 (b)), curiously around this position the errors become very big. ...
... While at dmatch the aimed position is perfectly achieved (Fig. 3 (b)), curiously around this position the errors become very big. ...
Partially Coherent Image Formation Theory for X
... where Ji and J0o are the 4D Fourier spectra of Ji and J0o , respectively. Transfer function of this 4D linear space invariant system is given by the Fourier transform of the space invariant amplitude spread function in Eq. (17) which is a scaled pupil function of the objective lens, i.e. zi K(p, q) ...
... where Ji and J0o are the 4D Fourier spectra of Ji and J0o , respectively. Transfer function of this 4D linear space invariant system is given by the Fourier transform of the space invariant amplitude spread function in Eq. (17) which is a scaled pupil function of the objective lens, i.e. zi K(p, q) ...
Pdf - Text of NPTEL IIT Video Lectures
... The objective forms, which will be real and inverted image because the specimen is placed just one focal length away little farther from one focal length from the ah specimen. So, a real inverted image is formed in here, the inverted image formed acts as an object and the eye piece, which is connect ...
... The objective forms, which will be real and inverted image because the specimen is placed just one focal length away little farther from one focal length from the ah specimen. So, a real inverted image is formed in here, the inverted image formed acts as an object and the eye piece, which is connect ...
Design and Fabrication of Tb -Doped Silicon Oxy
... These values are much lower than the calculated values, indicating substantial external loss through mechanisms such as edge scattering [11], [16]. We also note that the edge-emission from a planar cavity can modify the background spectrum shape [12], [13]. However, given the narrow width of the Tb ...
... These values are much lower than the calculated values, indicating substantial external loss through mechanisms such as edge scattering [11], [16]. We also note that the edge-emission from a planar cavity can modify the background spectrum shape [12], [13]. However, given the narrow width of the Tb ...
Interference of light Ordinary illumination Interference fringes
... By measuring the distance between neighbouring fringes, the wavelength of light can be deduced, even though it is very small Even with white light, a few coloured fringes can be seen around the central white fringe, before the colours wash out By putting a wedge of material across S1 the path ...
... By measuring the distance between neighbouring fringes, the wavelength of light can be deduced, even though it is very small Even with white light, a few coloured fringes can be seen around the central white fringe, before the colours wash out By putting a wedge of material across S1 the path ...
Measuring the Real Point Spread Function of High Numerical
... presents unique challenges. Many of the standard approaches, including Twyman–Green interferometry, are in fact comparative techniques. They require a reference object — an objective or a concave reflective surface — of the same or larger numerical aperture and of perfect (comparatively speaking) op ...
... presents unique challenges. Many of the standard approaches, including Twyman–Green interferometry, are in fact comparative techniques. They require a reference object — an objective or a concave reflective surface — of the same or larger numerical aperture and of perfect (comparatively speaking) op ...
Physical Optics
... The study of light has been an important part of science from its beginning. The ancient Greeks and, prior to the Middle Ages, Islamic scholars provided important insights. With the coming of the Scientific Revolution in the 16th and 17th centuries, optics, in the shape of telescopes and microscopes ...
... The study of light has been an important part of science from its beginning. The ancient Greeks and, prior to the Middle Ages, Islamic scholars provided important insights. With the coming of the Scientific Revolution in the 16th and 17th centuries, optics, in the shape of telescopes and microscopes ...
CP1: Investigation into the Feasibility of a Three Axis
... technique. Therefore they have used ‘ideal’ samples such as highly reflective, smooth surfaces. This section explains how and why interferometry is used on biological samples and reviews recent developments in the field. A common problem in biological optical microscopy is low contrast between featu ...
... technique. Therefore they have used ‘ideal’ samples such as highly reflective, smooth surfaces. This section explains how and why interferometry is used on biological samples and reviews recent developments in the field. A common problem in biological optical microscopy is low contrast between featu ...
Airy disk
In optics, the Airy disk (or Airy disc) and Airy pattern are descriptions of the best focused spot of light that a perfect lens with a circular aperture can make, limited by the diffraction of light. The Airy disk is of importance in physics, optics, and astronomy.The diffraction pattern resulting from a uniformly-illuminated circular aperture has a bright region in the center, known as the Airy disk which together with the series of concentric bright rings around is called the Airy pattern. Both are named after George Biddell Airy. The disk and rings phenomenon had been known prior to Airy; John Herschel described the appearance of a bright star seen through a telescope under high magnification for an 1828 article on light for the Encyclopedia Metropolitana:...the star is then seen (in favourable circumstances of tranquil atmosphere, uniform temperature, &c.) as a perfectly round, well-defined planetary disc, surrounded by two, three, or more alternately dark and bright rings, which, if examined attentively, are seen to be slightly coloured at their borders. They succeed each other nearly at equal intervals round the central disc....However, Airy wrote the first full theoretical treatment explaining the phenomenon (his 1835 ""On the Diffraction of an Object-glass with Circular Aperture"").Mathematically, the diffraction pattern is characterized by the wavelength of light illuminating the circular aperture, and the aperture's size. The appearance of the diffraction pattern is additionally characterized by the sensitivity of the eye or other detector used to observe the pattern.The most important application of this concept is in cameras and telescopes. Owing to diffraction, the smallest point to which a lens or mirror can focus a beam of light is the size of the Airy disk. Even if one were able to make a perfect lens, there is still a limit to the resolution of an image created by this lens. An optical system in which the resolution is no longer limited by imperfections in the lenses but only by diffraction is said to be diffraction limited.