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Kidney – Crystals
Kidney – Crystals

... tissue processing or are optically inapparent. The presence of crystals may be better visualized with polarized light as they are often birefringent. Mineralization, on the other hand, is not birefringent. Crystals resulting from the administration of chemical and/or metabolites may precipitate in a ...
K. S. Al Mugren, Y. El Sayed, H. Shoukry, A. El Taher
K. S. Al Mugren, Y. El Sayed, H. Shoukry, A. El Taher

... bandpass center max, FWHM and the area-related to the transmitted energy are the most important parameters which identify the characteristics of bandpass filters. Table (2) summarizes the variations of these parameters with composition. The center of peaks for the developed samples reveal their per ...
the Workshop Document (3)
the Workshop Document (3)

... The resulting reflected and transmitted amplitudes are shown in figure A1-2. The discontinuity in these curves is at around 0.5 radians, where the reflected longitudinal wave no longer exists. Note that at this point, the transmitted wave is nearly zero, and then at larger angles it becomes large ag ...
Get PDF - OSA Publishing
Get PDF - OSA Publishing

... One application is the possibility of generating pulling forces. Situations giving pulling forces for spheres in non-diffracting Bessel beams have been computed in acoustics [6–10] and in optics [11–13]. It was noticed early [6–8] that acoustical situations predicting to give negative forces corres ...
Immersion microscopy based on photonic crystal materials
Immersion microscopy based on photonic crystal materials

... crystal space”, while the same portion of the electromagnetic spectrum (limited by the kmax value) is available to an experimentalist. Because of the photonic crystal periodicity, the points in Fourier space separated by integer multiples of the inverse lattice vectors are equivalent to each other. ...
Axial intensity of apertured Bessel beams
Axial intensity of apertured Bessel beams

... would be equal to the squared profile of the window except for a scale factor 1/sin u, which will be called the geometrical expansion factor. Now let us take diffraction into account. The field distribution behind the aperture will be different from one plane z 5 constant to another instead of being ...
from ucf.edu - CREOL - University of Central Florida
from ucf.edu - CREOL - University of Central Florida

... do we have to invert the spatial coordinate x, but the Bloch wave number k must be inverted as well. Since this inner product is different than that employed in a real lattice, the orthogonality condition is also expected to take a different form and must be systematically derived. As mentioned befo ...
Fraunhofer Diffraction
Fraunhofer Diffraction

... • The Huygens-Fresnel principle is used in diffraction theory, in that every point of a given wavefront of light can be considered as a source of secondary wavelets. To analyze two-slit interference, we assumed that the slits were point sources. To analyze diffraction, we need to consider the genera ...
Advances in diamond-turned surfaces enable unique cost
Advances in diamond-turned surfaces enable unique cost

... Corning has developed unique fabrication processes to allow precision fabrication of critical components, namely diffraction gratings and object slits, for Offner hyperspectral imagers. Gratings with variable periods and blaze angles can be manufactured directly on flat, spherical, aspherical, and e ...
Achromatic Polarization-Preserving Beam Displacer
Achromatic Polarization-Preserving Beam Displacer

... In many applications it is necessary to displace an optical beam. The widespread use of lasers for research and technology demands the steering of collimated beams from one spatial region in which the optical beams are prepared to another in which they are applied. In many of these situations the pr ...
PCT form - 1 - DESCRIPTION OPTICAL MEASURING DEVICE AND
PCT form - 1 - DESCRIPTION OPTICAL MEASURING DEVICE AND

... excitation light beams with the same wavelength to generate interfere fringes, the two excitation light beams whose optical path lengths are set to almost similar are lead to the area to be measured, and a probe light beam with a certain incident angle is made incident to the diffraction ...
Crystallization and Characterization of Galdieria sulphuraria RUBISCO in Two Crystal Forms: Structural Phase Transition Observed in P21 Crystal Form
Crystallization and Characterization of Galdieria sulphuraria RUBISCO in Two Crystal Forms: Structural Phase Transition Observed in P21 Crystal Form

... crystal, bathed it in fresh cryoprotecting buffer and froze it again in an N2 stream. The single crystal diffraction pattern was obtained, but with visible changes. The diffraction pattern before and after the freeze-thaw cycle is presented in Figure 2. The changes in diffraction pattern upon data c ...
Week 9 Wed. (Lesson 15) Coherence and Optical Tomography
Week 9 Wed. (Lesson 15) Coherence and Optical Tomography

... but at different points in space • Required for interference and diffraction • Before lasers need to place slits far from source or pass light through slit so only part of source seen Temporal Coherence • Correlation of phase at the same point but at different times • Regular sources rapidly change ...
A Study in Hen Egg White Lysozyme Crystal Growth
A Study in Hen Egg White Lysozyme Crystal Growth

... pH is of particular interest due to its importance to the crystallization process itself. Crystal structure is determined by the interaction of amino acids to form protein molecules (HEWL is comprised of 129 amino acids) and then the interaction of these molecules with each other. All of this is dep ...
Generation of vortex beams by an image-rotating - AS
Generation of vortex beams by an image-rotating - AS

... axis, the circulating light will exactly overlap the injected beam after four trips around the cavity rather than after a single pass. The mode spacing is then c/4L, so there are three extra resonances between the original modes associated with perfect seed alignment. They correspond to single-pass ...
Effects of Spatial Coherence on the Angular Distribution of Radiant
Effects of Spatial Coherence on the Angular Distribution of Radiant

... Sec. 4.3.2 of [14]). It is seen that the scattered field becomes less diffuse as the parameter  increases. If the coherence length of the incident beam is comparable to or is larger than the radius of the sphere (i.e., when  > a), secondary maxima occur. For  ¼ 4a the radiant intensity can har ...
NSS-MIC 2009 Conference Record Template
NSS-MIC 2009 Conference Record Template

... have shown in a previous paper [6] several factors contribute to the rise time of the signal produced by a scintillator. Some of them are related to the light production mechanisms and we have discussed them in detail in [6]. But we have also shown in [7] that the light transport from the emission p ...
Generalized phase diffraction gratings with tailored intensity
Generalized phase diffraction gratings with tailored intensity

... Second, the amplitudes μk are included in the optimization to distribute the energy among the target-diffracted orders. The optimization of Eqs. (2)–(5) can be performed with advanced numerical tools. We used the solver routine in Microsoft Excel, which employs a generalized reduced gradient algorit ...
Measuring Human Chromosomes using Confocal microscopy
Measuring Human Chromosomes using Confocal microscopy

... imaging, the advantage of lensless imaging is that it does not require high quality lens that satisfies atomic scale wavelengths. Therefore it is used to provide the image with good quality in imaging techniques that use illuminations with very short wavelength such as ultraviolet or Xray. It is als ...
An Efficient Wide-Angle Beam Propagation Method Using
An Efficient Wide-Angle Beam Propagation Method Using

... higher-order approximation, we may need to perform more matrix inversions corresponding to each P [5], which further decreases the efficiency. To alleviate this issue for those waveguides with unchanging geometry in cross-section, we first simplify the tilted waveguide structures into an equivalent ...
a PDF of the paper on this project published in the OCEANS 2005
a PDF of the paper on this project published in the OCEANS 2005

... that are perpendicular to optical axis of the illuminating beam, plane of conventional, 2D imaging techniques. Digital but are substantially less accurate in the beam direction due to holographic cinematography can follow the same subject as it the so-called depth of focus effect [8, 18]. In order t ...
Two-dimensional modulational instability in photorefractive media M Saffman , Glen McCarthy
Two-dimensional modulational instability in photorefractive media M Saffman , Glen McCarthy

... induced by the beam. Results of these calculations are shown in figures 3–5. In all cases the direction of the applied DC field is horizontal (along the x axis). In figure 3 we show a few examples of numerical simulations depicting results of propagation of the wide Gaussian beam with initial random ...
Enhanced transmission in near-field imaging of layered plasmonic
Enhanced transmission in near-field imaging of layered plasmonic

... local optical properties of such samples is an important early step for full characterization. This sample was imaged using an NSOM. Our system is called the MultiView 2000 and was purchased commercially from Nanonics Imaging Ltd. Local excitation was provided by an ∼150 nm diameter aperture pulled ...
Measurement of The Nonlinear Refractive Index by Z
Measurement of The Nonlinear Refractive Index by Z

... This is a method to determine the concentration of a chemical compound (or chemical element) in a solution (e.g. in the blood) with the aid of a color reagent. Once the reagent is added, the solution is put into the colorimeter (a device used to test the concentration of a solution by measuring its ...
Consequences of the WFC3 IR detector 24 degrees tilt
Consequences of the WFC3 IR detector 24 degrees tilt

... degrees. The modeling assumptions and their relative uncertainties are presented and their limitations fully discussed. The conclusion from this study is that some science programs requiring very high quality data will be negatively affected but that the overall feasibility of the WFC3 IR science is ...
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Diffraction topography

Diffraction topography (short: ""topography"") is an quantum beam imaging technique based on Bragg diffraction.Diffraction topographic images (""topographies"") record the intensity profile of a beam of X-rays (or, sometimes, neutrons) diffracted by a crystal.A topography thus represents a two-dimensional spatial intensity mapping of reflected X-rays, i.e. the spatial fine structure of a Laue reflection.This intensity mapping reflects the distribution of scattering power inside the crystal; topographs therefore reveal the irregularities in a non-ideal crystal lattice.X-ray diffraction topography is one variant of X-ray imaging, making use of diffraction contrast rather than absorption contrast which is usually used in radiography and computed tomography (CT). Topography is exploited to a lesser extends with neutrons and other quantum beams. In the electron microscope community, such technique is called dark field imaging or diffraction contrast imaging.Topography is used for monitoring crystal quality and visualizing defects in many different crystalline materials.It has proved helpful e.g. when developing new crystal growth methods, for monitoring growth and the crystal quality achieved, and for iteratively optimizing growth conditions.In many cases, topography can be applied without preparing or otherwise damaging the sample; it is therefore one variant of non-destructive testing.
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