A simple experiment on diffraction of light by interfering liquid
... However, if the wavelength of the surface wave is small 共say a fraction of a centimeter兲, it is not easy to see such waves with the naked eye. Sophisticated modern-day cameras can detect these small-wavelength waves, but such cameras are expensive and not readily available to undergraduates. To dete ...
... However, if the wavelength of the surface wave is small 共say a fraction of a centimeter兲, it is not easy to see such waves with the naked eye. Sophisticated modern-day cameras can detect these small-wavelength waves, but such cameras are expensive and not readily available to undergraduates. To dete ...
4Pi Microscopy
... The MMM-4Pi microscope (Egner et al., 2002a) has been designed to increase the recording speed compared to a single-beam 4Pi microscope. It consists of the two subunits sketched in Figure 30.2. The head of the MMM-4Pi includes the beam-splitter and the objective lenses that are illuminated through b ...
... The MMM-4Pi microscope (Egner et al., 2002a) has been designed to increase the recording speed compared to a single-beam 4Pi microscope. It consists of the two subunits sketched in Figure 30.2. The head of the MMM-4Pi includes the beam-splitter and the objective lenses that are illuminated through b ...
Dynamical diffraction of atomic matter waves by crystals of light
... There are many publications deriving the dynamical diffraction theory for all kinds of different waves directly from the wave equation. The first derivation was done by Ewald @9# in 1917 for x-ray waves propagating inside a solid state crystal. The derivation for electron matter waves inside a cryst ...
... There are many publications deriving the dynamical diffraction theory for all kinds of different waves directly from the wave equation. The first derivation was done by Ewald @9# in 1917 for x-ray waves propagating inside a solid state crystal. The derivation for electron matter waves inside a cryst ...
Lesson 1 - primalight
... Average power x unit area carried by the EM field in the direction of propagation of the energy In the complex formalism: ...
... Average power x unit area carried by the EM field in the direction of propagation of the energy In the complex formalism: ...
The HeNe Laser
... mirror mount left in place, this makes changing the mirrors a more delicate task but is far outweighed by the subsequent difficulties one would have in aligning the mirror if it were done otherwise. There is a small screw in the mirror mount used to hold the mirror in place. In order to remove a mir ...
... mirror mount left in place, this makes changing the mirrors a more delicate task but is far outweighed by the subsequent difficulties one would have in aligning the mirror if it were done otherwise. There is a small screw in the mirror mount used to hold the mirror in place. In order to remove a mir ...
Precision interferometer
... beam path, as shown in Figure 1, both beams pass through the same thickness of glass, eliminating this problem. ...
... beam path, as shown in Figure 1, both beams pass through the same thickness of glass, eliminating this problem. ...
2015 International Practice Exam: Chemistry
... All exam materials must be placed in secure storage until they are returned to the AP Program after your school’s last administration . Before storing materials, check the “School Use Only” section on page 1 of the answer sheet and: • Fill in the appropriate section number circle in order to access ...
... All exam materials must be placed in secure storage until they are returned to the AP Program after your school’s last administration . Before storing materials, check the “School Use Only” section on page 1 of the answer sheet and: • Fill in the appropriate section number circle in order to access ...
Notes - Text
... • An increase in pressure favors the direction that has fewer moles of gas. Consider the following system: N2O4(g) 2NO2(g) • An increase in pressure (by decreasing the volume) favors the formation of colorless N2O4. • The instant the pressure increases, the concentration of both gases increases an ...
... • An increase in pressure favors the direction that has fewer moles of gas. Consider the following system: N2O4(g) 2NO2(g) • An increase in pressure (by decreasing the volume) favors the formation of colorless N2O4. • The instant the pressure increases, the concentration of both gases increases an ...
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... Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA 3 Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-859, Brazil 4 Dept. Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ...
... Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA 3 Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-859, Brazil 4 Dept. Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ...
Levitated droplet dye laser
... Optical micro cavities in general are receiving considerable interest due to their size and geometry dependent resonant frequency spectrum and the variety of applications [1]. Micro-droplets constitute an interesting medium for micro-cavity optics in terms of e.g. lasing emission properties [2] and ...
... Optical micro cavities in general are receiving considerable interest due to their size and geometry dependent resonant frequency spectrum and the variety of applications [1]. Micro-droplets constitute an interesting medium for micro-cavity optics in terms of e.g. lasing emission properties [2] and ...
Effective refractive index for determining ray propagation in an
... is from a particle to air, the effective refractive index associated with the first-order reflection–refraction event was used as an approximation. In this study, we revisit this issue and derive effective refractive indices for higher-order reflection–refraction events. 2. Recurrence formulae for effe ...
... is from a particle to air, the effective refractive index associated with the first-order reflection–refraction event was used as an approximation. In this study, we revisit this issue and derive effective refractive indices for higher-order reflection–refraction events. 2. Recurrence formulae for effe ...
Electrodynamical Light Trapping Using Whispering-Gallery Resonances in Hyperbolic Cavities Chihhui Wu, Alessandro Salandrino,
... loss in the Drude-model permittivity we use for silver. The fitting parameters in the Drude model are appropriate in the near-infrared to midinfrared frequency range, but not for the visible frequency range. We find that the maximum enhancement of the Q factor strongly depends on the filling ratio o ...
... loss in the Drude-model permittivity we use for silver. The fitting parameters in the Drude model are appropriate in the near-infrared to midinfrared frequency range, but not for the visible frequency range. We find that the maximum enhancement of the Q factor strongly depends on the filling ratio o ...
... may be achieved by transmitting the optical field through a thin diffusion screen with the complex amplitude transmittance which is randomly changed in time. Such a screen may be created in practice by means of the electrically controlled spatial-time light modulator on the basis of a twisted nemati ...
What is a Lock-In Amplifier
... Turn to the page in your lab handout labeled “SR830 Lock-In Amplifier Settings and Operation”. Carefully work through all of the settings on the lock-in amplifier. Record in your notebook the Reference Frequency, Reference Phase and Output as measured using the lock-in amplifier. Compare the frequen ...
... Turn to the page in your lab handout labeled “SR830 Lock-In Amplifier Settings and Operation”. Carefully work through all of the settings on the lock-in amplifier. Record in your notebook the Reference Frequency, Reference Phase and Output as measured using the lock-in amplifier. Compare the frequen ...
Porous Biomimetic Microlens Arrays as Multifunctional Optical
... calcitic skeleton extends into a close-set, nearly hexagonal array of spherical microstructures that display characteristic double-lenslets (Fig. 1). The lenses guide and concentrate light onto photosensitive tissue and offer remarkable focusing ability, angular selectivity and signal enhancement. I ...
... calcitic skeleton extends into a close-set, nearly hexagonal array of spherical microstructures that display characteristic double-lenslets (Fig. 1). The lenses guide and concentrate light onto photosensitive tissue and offer remarkable focusing ability, angular selectivity and signal enhancement. I ...
Selective plane illumination microscopy techniques in
... In vivo imaging can potentially capture quantitative data at singlecell resolution. When this imaging is performed noninvasively on intact, fully functioning organisms, time-lapse microscopy allows the study of development over time. Ultimately, one goal is to image and track every single cell in a ...
... In vivo imaging can potentially capture quantitative data at singlecell resolution. When this imaging is performed noninvasively on intact, fully functioning organisms, time-lapse microscopy allows the study of development over time. Ultimately, one goal is to image and track every single cell in a ...
Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy
Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy or ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis or UV/Vis) refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflectance spectroscopy in the ultraviolet-visible spectral region. This means it uses light in the visible and adjacent (near-UV and near-infrared [NIR]) ranges. The absorption or reflectance in the visible range directly affects the perceived color of the chemicals involved. In this region of the electromagnetic spectrum, molecules undergo electronic transitions. This technique is complementary to fluorescence spectroscopy, in that fluorescence deals with transitions from the excited state to the ground state, while absorption measures transitions from the ground state to the excited state.