Chapter 15. Chemical Equilibrium
... This reaction is endothermic. For an endothermic reaction (∆H > 0), heat can be considered as a reactant. • Thus, adding heat causes a shift in the forward direction. • The room-temperature equilibrium mixture is placed in a beaker of ice water. • The mixture turns bright pink. • This indicates a sh ...
... This reaction is endothermic. For an endothermic reaction (∆H > 0), heat can be considered as a reactant. • Thus, adding heat causes a shift in the forward direction. • The room-temperature equilibrium mixture is placed in a beaker of ice water. • The mixture turns bright pink. • This indicates a sh ...
Chapter 3 Geometric Optics
... wave advances. There is another velocity called vg or group velocity, that describes the speed of energy flow. These can be different (see Lab 6). Here we care about vp. In most media, n(λ) does not change rapidly with λ so we often approximate n(λ) by a value, n, which is an average value for visib ...
... wave advances. There is another velocity called vg or group velocity, that describes the speed of energy flow. These can be different (see Lab 6). Here we care about vp. In most media, n(λ) does not change rapidly with λ so we often approximate n(λ) by a value, n, which is an average value for visib ...
Generalized Polarization Ray Tracing using a Monte
... polarization. If the phase difference is exactly the quarter of the wavelength ( (φx − φy ) = 0.25nπ ) and amplitudes of waves are the same, Ax = Ay , the tip of the wave now swept a circle. This type of oscillation is called circular polarization. Note that neither elliptical nor circular polarized ...
... polarization. If the phase difference is exactly the quarter of the wavelength ( (φx − φy ) = 0.25nπ ) and amplitudes of waves are the same, Ax = Ay , the tip of the wave now swept a circle. This type of oscillation is called circular polarization. Note that neither elliptical nor circular polarized ...
Chemical Equilibrium - Chemistry with Mrs. Caruso Let the Bonding
... The shift in equilibrium position that occurs because of the addition of an __ion_ already involved in the equilibrium reaction. Its addition will result in a shift away from the side where it was added. Ex. BaSO4 (s) ⇌ Ba2+(aq) + SO42-(aq). If add Na2SO4, what ion will be added? As a result, equili ...
... The shift in equilibrium position that occurs because of the addition of an __ion_ already involved in the equilibrium reaction. Its addition will result in a shift away from the side where it was added. Ex. BaSO4 (s) ⇌ Ba2+(aq) + SO42-(aq). If add Na2SO4, what ion will be added? As a result, equili ...
Precision, accuracy and significant figures
... For a quantity to have an exact value, it must either be defined or obtained by counting. All measured quantities have an inherent uncertainty because all instruments used to make measurements have limitations, and the people operating the instruments have varying skills. The accuracy of a measureme ...
... For a quantity to have an exact value, it must either be defined or obtained by counting. All measured quantities have an inherent uncertainty because all instruments used to make measurements have limitations, and the people operating the instruments have varying skills. The accuracy of a measureme ...
Activation of Alcohols Toward Nucleophilic Substitution: Conversion
... electrophiles. The alkyl iodides possess an important role in the formation of carboncarbon bonds by free-radical and organometallic reactions.3 Activation of alcohols towards nucleophilic substitution can occur by converting them into alkoxyphosphonium ions. Activating the alcohols using a combinat ...
... electrophiles. The alkyl iodides possess an important role in the formation of carboncarbon bonds by free-radical and organometallic reactions.3 Activation of alcohols towards nucleophilic substitution can occur by converting them into alkoxyphosphonium ions. Activating the alcohols using a combinat ...
z - at www.arxiv.org.
... the sensitivity of the OV position to the screen displacements). In this context, it is interesting the rapid growth of radial coordinates of the secondary OV near a = 0 in figures 3(a), (b); near a = – 0.5b and a = 0.3b in figures 3(c), (d); and near a = –0.7b, a = 0 and a =0.6b in figures 3(e), (f ...
... the sensitivity of the OV position to the screen displacements). In this context, it is interesting the rapid growth of radial coordinates of the secondary OV near a = 0 in figures 3(a), (b); near a = – 0.5b and a = 0.3b in figures 3(c), (d); and near a = –0.7b, a = 0 and a =0.6b in figures 3(e), (f ...
Self-Organization, Broken Symmetry, and Lasing in an Atomic Vapor:
... 2 smaller than in the s2 case. In this case attenuation of the backpropagating intracavity oscillation is also less (about 30% at peak diffraction). To determine whether this gain reduction was due to perturbation of the grating or optical pumping, the experiment was repeated with the GP tuned to th ...
... 2 smaller than in the s2 case. In this case attenuation of the backpropagating intracavity oscillation is also less (about 30% at peak diffraction). To determine whether this gain reduction was due to perturbation of the grating or optical pumping, the experiment was repeated with the GP tuned to th ...
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chap15pptlecture_chapte.ppt [Read-Only]
... If a reaction can be expressed as the sum of two or more reactions, the equilibrium constant for the overall reaction is given by the product of the equilibrium constants of the individual reactions. ...
... If a reaction can be expressed as the sum of two or more reactions, the equilibrium constant for the overall reaction is given by the product of the equilibrium constants of the individual reactions. ...
Single-shot Detection of Wavepacket Evolution
... co-linearly with the first psec pulse. The two identical pulses propagate along the ẑ axis, nearly perpendicularly to the slit in the upper field plate. The delayed pulse excites a second wavepacket that interferes with the original wavepacket. Approximately 1 µsec after the laser excitation, a volta ...
... co-linearly with the first psec pulse. The two identical pulses propagate along the ẑ axis, nearly perpendicularly to the slit in the upper field plate. The delayed pulse excites a second wavepacket that interferes with the original wavepacket. Approximately 1 µsec after the laser excitation, a volta ...
Proximity Detection IR LED and Optical Crosstalk
... Proximity Detection Behind Glass Using an LED having a narrow beam angle, coupled with an appropriate lens over the sensor is an effective way to greatly increase the maximum proximity sensing distance, at the expense of creating a narrower “field of view” within which objects can be sensed. More d ...
... Proximity Detection Behind Glass Using an LED having a narrow beam angle, coupled with an appropriate lens over the sensor is an effective way to greatly increase the maximum proximity sensing distance, at the expense of creating a narrower “field of view” within which objects can be sensed. More d ...
Solubility and Solubility Equilibrium
... Teachers Tools® Chemistry Solubility and Solubility Equilibrium: Student Review Notes Now, equilibrium is this idea of reversibility in chemical reactions. It might seem kind of oxymoronic to talk about equilibrium for insoluble species, but we can talk about equilibrium of insoluble molecules bec ...
... Teachers Tools® Chemistry Solubility and Solubility Equilibrium: Student Review Notes Now, equilibrium is this idea of reversibility in chemical reactions. It might seem kind of oxymoronic to talk about equilibrium for insoluble species, but we can talk about equilibrium of insoluble molecules bec ...
Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy
Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy or ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis or UV/Vis) refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflectance spectroscopy in the ultraviolet-visible spectral region. This means it uses light in the visible and adjacent (near-UV and near-infrared [NIR]) ranges. The absorption or reflectance in the visible range directly affects the perceived color of the chemicals involved. In this region of the electromagnetic spectrum, molecules undergo electronic transitions. This technique is complementary to fluorescence spectroscopy, in that fluorescence deals with transitions from the excited state to the ground state, while absorption measures transitions from the ground state to the excited state.