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Reaching beyond the classical receptive field of V1 neurons
Reaching beyond the classical receptive field of V1 neurons

... moving high contrast sinewave grating of optimal orientation, spatial and temporal frequencies for the cell, and to increase its size until the response of the neuron ceases to increase [20,54,84]. The high contrast summation RF (hsRF) corresponds to the region of visual field over which the cell sum ...
Modulation of Inhibition of Return by the Dopamine D2 Receptor
Modulation of Inhibition of Return by the Dopamine D2 Receptor

... evidence suggest that it also modulates IOR. First, patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), a disease characterized by reduced dopaminergic transmission in the striatum, have reduced IOR magnitude, relative to healthy controls (Filoteo et al. 1997; Yamaguchi and Kobayashi 1998; Possin et al. 2009). ...
Transfer Effects and Conditional Learning in Rats With Selective
Transfer Effects and Conditional Learning in Rats With Selective

... The authors examined visual–spatial conditional learning with automated touchscreen tasks in male Long–Evans rats with selective lesions of medial septal/vertical limb of diagonal band (MS/VDB) cholinergic neurons produced by 192 IgG-saporin. Performance on a conditional task, in which 1 of 2 centra ...
Magnocellular and Parvocellular Contributions to
Magnocellular and Parvocellular Contributions to

4. Conclusions and Perspectives - RuCCS
4. Conclusions and Perspectives - RuCCS

... either the right or the left visual field and participants were required to indicate whether or not the circle surrounded a point previously occupied by a dot. The perceptual task was similar except that the dot patterns remained on the screen while the circle was presented. Reaction times and error ...
Plasticity of Binocularity and Visual Acuity Are Differentially Limited
Plasticity of Binocularity and Visual Acuity Are Differentially Limited

... complete cycle of the sinusoidal grating. Following the first failure, mice were required to achieve five correct trials in a row, or 8 of 10 correct trials at each spatial frequency before proceeding to the next higher frequency. Once a mouse failed to complete 8 of 10 correct trials at a given spa ...
Rhythms for Cognition: Communication through
Rhythms for Cognition: Communication through

Single-Trial Decoding of Visual Attention from Local Field Potentials
Single-Trial Decoding of Visual Attention from Local Field Potentials

Visual Attention Modulates Insight Versus Analytic Solving of Verbal
Visual Attention Modulates Insight Versus Analytic Solving of Verbal

... each problem, participants show increased activity in the ACC before trials that they will eventually solve with insight (Kounios et al., 2006). The ACC is known to be involved in increasing top-down control of attention (Kerns et al., 2004) and in tuning one’s attentional focus to attend to broader ...
Research paper: Perceptual and Visual Void on the Architectural
Research paper: Perceptual and Visual Void on the Architectural

... classified into two main headings by examining a great number of examples in terms of the effects created on the form: cognitive and functional. Cognitive voids are related to perception and are used to create various visual effects. As the heading indicates, functional voids are created to meet cer ...
Retrieval induces adaptive forgetting of competing memories via
Retrieval induces adaptive forgetting of competing memories via

... the competitor’s neural representation in visual and memory processing regions. We further hypothesized that this degradation would hinder later retrieval of the affected representation, so that on a final visual recognition test, participants should be worse at discriminating inhibited pictures fro ...
Precise visuotopic organization of the blind spot representation in
Precise visuotopic organization of the blind spot representation in

... specific penetration angles). We monitored the transition from the opercular surface to the roof of the calcarine sulcus by advancing the microelectrode in 200-␮m steps. We stopped advancing the microelectrode when the first transition from a central RF (typically ⬃5° eccentricity) to a peripheral R ...
Multisensory Integration in the Ventral Intraparietal Area of the
Multisensory Integration in the Ventral Intraparietal Area of the

Neuroanatomical correlates of the near response: voluntary
Neuroanatomical correlates of the near response: voluntary

... glass lens (Opt-blur; Fig. 2B and D): the subjects see alternately a sharp or a blurred image; (iii) VPA requiring large amplitude (~ ± 5 D), high-frequency (0.3 Hz), voluntary positive accommodation in the viewing eye in response to a retinal image defocused by a ±5.0-D lens (VPA; Fig. 2C) ± the su ...
Coordinated Optimization of Visual Cortical Maps
Coordinated Optimization of Visual Cortical Maps

... developmental optimization on biologically relevant timescales. Such transient solutions are expected to be more irregular than the final attractor states. Analytical results were obtained using a perturbative treatment close to the pattern forming threshold. This perturbative treatment, however, gi ...
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF VISUAL AREA MT
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF VISUAL AREA MT

... Gestalt map of major routes into MT in the manner of Felleman & Van Essen (1991). Line thickness is roughly proportional to the magnitude of the inputs, on the basis of a combination of projection neuron numbers and, where data are available, the characteristics of their axon terminals (see Figure 3 ...
development and plasticity of cortical areas and networks
development and plasticity of cortical areas and networks

Structure and Function of Visual Area MT
Structure and Function of Visual Area MT

... Gestalt map of major routes into MT in the manner of Felleman & Van Essen (1991). Line thickness is roughly proportional to the magnitude of the inputs, on the basis of a combination of projection neuron numbers and, where data are available, the characteristics of their axon terminals (see Figure 3 ...
development and plasticity of cortical areas and networks
development and plasticity of cortical areas and networks

... persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells so that A’s efficiency as one of the cells firing B is increased.” LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION ...
The cortical connections of area V6: an occipito
The cortical connections of area V6: an occipito

... advancing through the cortical tissue, and by withdrawing the needle from the brain completely devoid of tracer. To this purpose, the recording syringe was ®rst ®lled with 0.3 mL of paraf®n oil, then with the exact amount of tracer that had to be injected and, ®nally, with 0.10 mL of paraf®n oil. A ...
Effects of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonist MCPG
Effects of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonist MCPG

... release of intracellular calcium stores (Berridge, 1984). Thus, it has been suggested that differences in the pattern or amount of mGluR-mediated PI turnover might account for the quantitative differences in synaptic plasticity at different ages (Dudek and Bear, 1989; Bear and Dudek, 1991). Mechanis ...
Functional circuitry underlying visual neglect
Functional circuitry underlying visual neglect

... with neglect has proven difficult owing to lesion variations and the emergence of neural and behavioural compensations following neglect-inducing damage to posterior parietal cortex. The detailed study of neglect requires a stable experimental model of the syndrome. To that end, we have studied the ...
Soto-Faraco (2003) Multisensory contributions to the perception of
Soto-Faraco (2003) Multisensory contributions to the perception of

... partially occluded animal moving through the undergrowth). While vision may provide the most salient information with regard to stimulus motion, audition and somatosensation can also provide important cues, particularly when stimuli are occluded, or else move outside the current field of view (such ...
the distribution of the cells of origin of callosal projections in cat
the distribution of the cells of origin of callosal projections in cat

... cells were present in each of the 13 retinotopically defined cortical areas. Labeled neurons in area I7 combined with labeled neurons in area 18 to form a band along the entire area 17/18 border. Label at the area 17/18 border is visible in every section illustrated in Figures 2 and 3. In rostral co ...
Eye Movements - Center for Neural Science
Eye Movements - Center for Neural Science

... one for gaze shifting. The former is found in all animals with visual systems, but the latter is found only in animals with retinal specializations, such as the primate fovea, that can be used to examine a limited region of visual space with higher acuity. ...
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Visual search

Visual search is a type of perceptual task requiring attention that typically involves an active scan of the visual environment for a particular object or feature (the target) among other objects or features (the distractors). Visual search can take place either with or without eye movements. The ability to consciously locate an object (target) amongst a complex array of stimuli (distractors) has been extensively studied over the past 40 years. Practical examples of this can be seen in everyday life such as picking out a product on a supermarket shelf, animals searching for food amongst piles of leaves, trying to find your friend in a large crowd of people and playing visual search tasks such as Where's Wally? Many visual search paradigms have used eye movements as a means to measure the degree of attention given to stimuli.However, vast research to date suggests that eye movements move independently of attention and therefore is not a reliable method to examine the role of attention. Much of the previous literature on visual search uses reaction time in order to measure the time taken to detect the target amongst its distractors. An example of this could be a green square (target) amongst a set of red circles (distractors).
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