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Visual Processing in the Primate Brain
Visual Processing in the Primate Brain

... 2000), this leads to parallel processing in which independent, specialized cells and circuits extract specific types of information simultaneously from the same position in visual space. Such parallel processing is evidenced at multiple levels of visual processing, from the retina (Wassle, 2004) to ...
Attention induces synchronization-based response gain in steady
Attention induces synchronization-based response gain in steady

... rates and behavioral performance, the evidence to date has been mixed as to whether voluntary visual attention primarily affects neural activity based on contrast1,3–6,10,11, response5,7–9 or activity7 gain. The three hypotheses have not previously been examined at the level of the neural population ...
Author`s personal copy
Author`s personal copy

... as tuning properties [13,21,24,25]. A logical consequence of this principle is that any individual anatomically or functionally defined area will contain no more than a single representation of each point in the visual field or other sensory or motor parameter and, by extension, no more ...
Differential effects of 10-Hz and 40
Differential effects of 10-Hz and 40

... 2007). Brain stimulation is controlled by the experimenter, and therefore it can be applied at a consistent location across participants, and performance can be measured before, during, and after stimulation. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is one stimulation method that has been used to con ...
Neuropsychologia, 47, 1621-6
Neuropsychologia, 47, 1621-6

... design. Specifically, participants pointed to visual targets projected onto the glabrous (palm) or hairy (back) side of their actual left hand or onto the palm or back of the fake left hand. The four hand-skin conditions, real-glabrous, real-hairy, fake-glabrous, and fake-hairy, were presented in eig ...
Does the sound of a barking dog activate its corresponding visual
Does the sound of a barking dog activate its corresponding visual

Examples of well-written lab reports, by section
Examples of well-written lab reports, by section

... An animal’s ability to survive is influenced by its ability to react to changes in its environment whether that be voluntary or involuntary. One form of involuntary reaction is called a reflex. Much of what we do everyday occurs due to our reflexes. A reflex originates when an external stimulus is d ...
Saccade Target Selection in the Superior - Smith
Saccade Target Selection in the Superior - Smith

... whether this modulation is primarily linked to saccade initiation or could be related to target selection. We used a method developed by Thompson et al. (1996) to determine the temporal relationship between a neuron’s discrimination of the target and the latency of the subsequent movement. If the ti ...
Neuronal Interaction Dynamics in Cat Primary Visual Cortex
Neuronal Interaction Dynamics in Cat Primary Visual Cortex

... temperature, and EEG were monitored during the entire experiment. Respiration was adjusted for an end-tidal C O2 between 3.5 and 4.0%. The body temperature was kept at 37.5°C by means of a feedbackcontrolled heating pad. Contact lenses with artificial pupils (3 mm diameter) were used to cover the ey ...
The representation of Kanizsa illusory contours in the monkey
The representation of Kanizsa illusory contours in the monkey

... Stimulus reduction is an effective way to study visual performance. Cues such as surface characteristics, colour and inner lines can be removed from stimuli, revealing how the change affects recognition and neural processing. An extreme reduction is the removal of the very stimulus, defining it with ...
Binocular vision, the optic chiasm, and their associations with
Binocular vision, the optic chiasm, and their associations with

... depth perception, and contrast discrimination. The latter is made possible by summation of two similar images presented to each eye, which helps the brain to distinguish unwanted “noise” from useful information. Stereopsis means the computation of object solidity and depth based on binocular dispari ...
Saccadic Suppression of Retinotopically Localized Blood Oxygen
Saccadic Suppression of Retinotopically Localized Blood Oxygen

Visual Object Recognition: Do We Know More Now Than We Did 20
Visual Object Recognition: Do We Know More Now Than We Did 20

... parts encoded as generalized cones are represented in an object-centered manner, that is, in a coordinate system that decouples the orientation of the object from the position of the viewer. The significance of this assumption is that the same generalized cones can be recovered from the image regardl ...
Different Stimuli, Different Spatial Codes: A Visual Map and an
Different Stimuli, Different Spatial Codes: A Visual Map and an

... contralateral, for both the sensory and motor period. Activity for both larger and smaller amplitude target displacements (e.g. 0 or 40u) is considerably lower. The visual responses of the neuron in Figure 3B are similar. In contrast, for auditory stimuli, responses typically showed an open-ended pa ...
Representation of the Visual Field in the Human Occipital Cortex
Representation of the Visual Field in the Human Occipital Cortex

... ARCH OPHTHALMOL/VOL 117, FEB 1999 ...
Postnatal growth and column spacing in cat primary visual cortex
Postnatal growth and column spacing in cat primary visual cortex

... might either cause an enlargement of existing cortical modules, probably without significant changes in neuronal circuitry (“balloon-effect”), or, alternatively, indicate a progressive increase in the number of modules and in the complexity of neuronal circuits. In macaque monkeys, V1 size increased ...
Surface-view connectivity patterns of area 18 in cats
Surface-view connectivity patterns of area 18 in cats

... injection, caudal-most FB-labeled patches of cells reflected the caudal-most position of the FB injection, and other patches of labeled cells were aligned with their associated tracers. Thus, for connections of area 17, area 19, and the suprasylvian region, groups of patches of neurons progressed in ...
Visuomotor Functions in the Frontal Lobe
Visuomotor Functions in the Frontal Lobe

... Visual Processing, Remapping, and Target Selection The FEF is also a visual area. As noted above, visual responses in the FEF can have very short latencies. These short-latency responses are very sensitive, being immune to masking (Thompson & Schall 2000; cf. Libedinsky & Livingstone 2011) but often ...
On the relation between`visual research methods` and contemporary
On the relation between`visual research methods` and contemporary

... They focus almost entirely on qualitative research methods, and, as has already been noted, they are dominated by methods using photography (thus, for example, the anthropological filmmaking tradition makes a sustained contribution only to the work of Pink, herself an anthropologist, and the diverse ...
The Effects of Short-term and Long-term Learning on the Responses
The Effects of Short-term and Long-term Learning on the Responses

... Abstract ■ The lateral intraparietal area (LIP) is thought to play an ...
see clearly method
see clearly method

The medial parietal occipital areas in the macaque
The medial parietal occipital areas in the macaque

... The number, location, extent, and functional properties of the cortical areas that occupy the medial parieto-occipital cortex (mPOC) have been, and still is, a matter of scientific debate. The mPOC is a convoluted region of the brain that presents a high level of individual variability, and the fact ...
A Feedback Model of Visual Attention
A Feedback Model of Visual Attention

... account of the neurophysiological data associated with attention (Frith, 2001; Kastner and Ungerleider, 2000). This theory proposes that visual stimuli compete to be represented by cortical activity. Competition may occur at each stage along the visual information processing pathway. The outcome of ...
Action Preparation Shapes Processing in Early Visual Cortex
Action Preparation Shapes Processing in Early Visual Cortex

Contributions of cortical feedback to sensory processing in primary
Contributions of cortical feedback to sensory processing in primary

... during working memory or reactivation during episodic memory. Spatially specific working memory representations in V1 have been demonstrated by the successful decoding of grating stimuli during a retention period in the cortical location of their original representation (Pratte and Tong, 2014). The i ...
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Visual search

Visual search is a type of perceptual task requiring attention that typically involves an active scan of the visual environment for a particular object or feature (the target) among other objects or features (the distractors). Visual search can take place either with or without eye movements. The ability to consciously locate an object (target) amongst a complex array of stimuli (distractors) has been extensively studied over the past 40 years. Practical examples of this can be seen in everyday life such as picking out a product on a supermarket shelf, animals searching for food amongst piles of leaves, trying to find your friend in a large crowd of people and playing visual search tasks such as Where's Wally? Many visual search paradigms have used eye movements as a means to measure the degree of attention given to stimuli.However, vast research to date suggests that eye movements move independently of attention and therefore is not a reliable method to examine the role of attention. Much of the previous literature on visual search uses reaction time in order to measure the time taken to detect the target amongst its distractors. An example of this could be a green square (target) amongst a set of red circles (distractors).
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