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AY 20 Fall 2010
AY 20 Fall 2010

... stars can determine their properties Treat stars as ideal emitters that absorb all incident radiation and re-radiate over a range of wavelengths i.e. as Black Bodies that reflect no radiation From radiant flux in the visible band can measure Stellar Motions Distances Brightness “Temperature” ...
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... Main Sequence Stars • all stars fuse hydrogen into helium • 90% of all stars, including our Sun, are main sequence stars • range from high luminosity (brightness) and high surface temperature to low luminosity and low surface temperature ...
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... Which is the faintest? the sun, an O star, a white dwarf, or a red giant? Which of these star is the hottest? What are Sun-like stars (0.4 Msun < M < 8 Msun) in common? What about red dwarfs (0.08 Msun < M < 0.4 Msun) ? Where do stars spend most of their time? ...
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... •Measure the oxygen gradient in the ISM of the Milky Way disk •Employ planetary nebulae as abundance probes •Perform detailed statistical treatment of data ...
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... 1919 - Confirmation of Einstein’s Theory of Gravity 1929 - Hubble’s discovery of Expanding Universe 1955 - Debate between Big Bang and Steady State 1965 - Discovery of the Cosmic Microwave ...
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Astronomy in the secondary school classroom

... Astronomy (astro = star, nomen = name in Greek) is the observational study of matter beyond Earth – planets in the Solar System, stars in the Milky Way Galaxy, galaxies in the Universe, and diffuse matter between these concentrations. The perspective is rooted from our viewpoint on or near Earth usi ...
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... between degenerate electrons. This is what happens in the burnt-out cores of red giants. As soon as the nuclear fuel is exhausted, such that compression doesn’t trigger any new nuclear reactions, the gas collapses to form a degenerate core mostly consisting of carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Later, aft ...
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... → Few galaxies have L >> L* because they are rare → Few galaxies have L << L* because they are too faint to see 2) M31 (MB = -20.3) is a 0.5L* galaxy, & the combined Local Group ~ 1 L*. 3) cD galaxies, which are 5 – 10 L*, do not fit into the Schechter function scheme. ...
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... same way we talk about the gravitational potential energy of a person increasing when they climb up stairs, but in fact it is the system, the person and the earth, which gains potential energy. Without the Earth there, it wouldn’t mean much to talk about the person’s gravitational potential energy, ...
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... moving close to the speed of light around magnetic fields. ...
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... Either Lorentzian or Gaussian may be tested, assuming the line-width  dependent on m. Spreading and fluctuations of D and n are typical for magnetic nanoparticles. This results in the line broadening which increases with m, see Eqs.3 and 4. The narrow spectral component originates from transition ...
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... 10-20 times better than ground-based telescopes Resolve astronomical objects with angular size of 0.05 arc seconds (=seeing pair of fireflies in Tokyo from Maryland) ...
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... In the modern picture of our Galaxy, the Sun is 8 kpc from the center of the Galaxy. The Sun resides in a flattened circular disk which is of order 200 pc thick and extends out to about 15 Kpc. Thus the disk is of order 100,000 light-years across. At the center of the disk is the spheroid or bulge. ...
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... Energy is absorbed when electrons jump to higher orbits. n = 2 to n = 4 for example Energy is emitted when electrons fall to lower orbits. n = 4 to n = 1 for example ...
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Astronomical spectroscopy



Astronomical spectroscopy is the study of astronomy using the techniques of spectroscopy to measure the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, which radiates from stars and other hot celestial objects. Spectroscopy can be used to derive many properties of distant stars and galaxies, such as their chemical composition, temperature, density, mass, distance, luminosity, and relative motion using Doppler shift measurements.
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