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CIRCUITS LABORATORY EXPERIMENT 1
CIRCUITS LABORATORY EXPERIMENT 1

... In comparing Equation (1.1) and Equation (1.2), one can see that the voltmeter will introduce a small measurement error when Rvm is large relative to R2. In fact, as Rvm approaches infinity, one can see that R2 || Rvm will approach R2, which means that Equations (1.1) and (1.2) will become equal, i ...
2.2.3 Astable Circuits Word Document
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... In our previous section we looked at the behaviour of a monostable circuit, i.e. a circuit with just one stable state. In this section we will be looking at the astable circuit. The astable circuit has no stable state and is constantly switching between logic 1 and logic 0. Alternative names for the ...
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... Figure 6: Weakly indicating Threshold implementation of an AND gate Figure 7 depicts a strongly indicating circuit implementation. For the false-rail a T H34W 22-gate can be used. The both true-rails of the inputs of the circuit are connected to the inputs of the Threshold gate that have weight 1. T ...
Chapter 6 – Combinational and Sequential Circuit
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... on the current input but also on the past history of inputs. Another and generally more useful way to view it is that the current output of a sequential circuit depends on the current input and the current state of that circuit. The simplest form of sequential circuit is the flip-flop. Flip-flop is ...
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Acrobat Distiller, Job 62 - Genetic Programming Inc.
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living with the lab
living with the lab

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Physics – Measurements in Electricity 1 Use of
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AD538 - Analog Devices
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DOC

... PERFORM BASIC ELECTRICITY SKILLS--The student will be able to: 01.01 Calculate and measure capacitance and inductance. [FAA FAR Part 147, Level 2] 01.02 Calculate and measure electrical power. [FAA FAR Part 147, Level 2] 01.03 Measure voltage, current, resistance, and continuity. [FAA FAR Part 147, ...
measurement accuracy of short-circuit loop impedance in
measurement accuracy of short-circuit loop impedance in

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AD538 (Rev. E) - Electrocomponents
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... A stable band gap voltage reference for scaling is included in the AD538. It is laser-trimmed to provide a selectable voltage output of +10 V buffered (Pin 4), +2 V unbuffered (Pin 5) or any voltages between +2 V and +10.2 V buffered as shown in Figure 12. The output impedance at Pin 5 is approximat ...
Design of a New External Signal Controlled Polymorphic
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... conventional circuit fails in extreme conditions due to changes in transistors characteristics. Engineers are trying to deal with this problem for years until they come up with the adaptive electronics circuit they called polymorphic circuits. Polymorphic circuits are multifunctional in many ways. I ...
Timers and Oscillators - Microwave Electronics Laboratory at UCSB
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... important as the fundamental building block of a register or memory device. This circuit is also known as a flip-flop. A similar circuit is a Schmitt trigger. In this section we will build a simple version of each type using discrete transistors. In practice, it is more common to use dedicated ICs s ...
Precision Logarithmic and Log Ratio Amplifier
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... NOTES: (1) Log Conformity Error is the peak deviation from the best-fit-straight line of VO versus LOG (I1/I2) curve expressed as a percent of peak-to-peak fullscale output. K, scale factor, equals 0.5V output per decade of input current. (2) Scale factor of core log function is trimmed to 0.5V outp ...
Timing Considerations with VHDL
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Integrated AMR Angle Sensor and Signal Conditioner ADA4571-2
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... Offset voltage errors caused by common-mode voltage swings and power supply variations are also corrected by the chopping technique, resulting in a dc common-mode rejection ratio that is greater than 150 dB. The amplifiers feature low broadband noise of 22 nV/√Hz and no 1/f noise component. These fe ...
2.2.2 Monostable Circuits Word Document
2.2.2 Monostable Circuits Word Document

... the preferred resistor values from the E24 series. There are two options, either use a 27kΩ resistor and two 1kΩ in series, or increase the resistance slightly to 30kΩ, which is what we will do in this case. We can now complete the circuit diagram with these values and test it as follows. ...
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... frequency limit of the Bruce circuit does not show up clearly on an impedance plane plot. One would require a plot of log( Z’) vs. log(o) to distinguish between the Bruce frequency exponent of (n - 2) and the proper - 2 exponent in the w ---f x) limit. Now it is of interest to see how well the Bruce ...
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Soft error

In electronics and computing, a soft error is a type of error where a signal or datum is wrong. Errors may be caused by a defect, usually understood either to be a mistake in design or construction, or a broken component. A soft error is also a signal or datum which is wrong, but is not assumed to imply such a mistake or breakage. After observing a soft error, there is no implication that the system is any less reliable than before. In the spacecraft industry this kind of error is called a single-event upset. In a computer's memory system, a soft error changes an instruction in a program or a data value. Soft errors typically can be remedied by cold booting the computer. A soft error will not damage a system's hardware; the only damage is to the data that is being processed.There are two types of soft errors, chip-level soft error and system-level soft error. Chip-level soft errors occur when the radioactive atoms in the chip's material decay and release alpha particles into the chip. Because an alpha particle contains a positive charge and kinetic energy, the particle can hit a memory cell and cause the cell to change state to a different value. The atomic reaction is so tiny that it does not damage the actual structure of the chip. System-level soft errors occur when the data being processed is hit with a noise phenomenon, typically when the data is on a data bus. The computer tries to interpret the noise as a data bit, which can cause errors in addressing or processing program code. The bad data bit can even be saved in memory and cause problems at a later time.If detected, a soft error may be corrected by rewriting correct data in place of erroneous data. Highly reliable systems use error correction to correct soft errors on the fly. However, in many systems, it may be impossible to determine the correct data, or even to discover that an error is present at all. In addition, before the correction can occur, the system may have crashed, in which case the recovery procedure must include a reboot. Soft errors involve changes to data—​the electrons in a storage circuit, for example—​but not changes to the physical circuit itself, the atoms. If the data is rewritten, the circuit will work perfectly again. Soft errors can occur on transmission lines, in digital logic, analog circuits, magnetic storage, and elsewhere, but are most commonly known in semiconductor storage.
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