Phase Contrast
... •Illumination passes through thick part of Specimen > larger phase retardation ...
... •Illumination passes through thick part of Specimen > larger phase retardation ...
Digital Radiography Image Parameters SNR, MTF, NPS, NEQ, DQE
... K Faulkner and B Moores. Analysis of x-ray computed tomography images using the noise power spectrum and autocorrelation function. Physics in Medicine and Biology 29 (11) (1984) K Hanson. A simplified method of estimating noise power spectra. Physics of Medical Imaging 1998. P Monnin, D Gutierrez, S ...
... K Faulkner and B Moores. Analysis of x-ray computed tomography images using the noise power spectrum and autocorrelation function. Physics in Medicine and Biology 29 (11) (1984) K Hanson. A simplified method of estimating noise power spectra. Physics of Medical Imaging 1998. P Monnin, D Gutierrez, S ...
Rev.Sci.Instrum.
... can also be obtained with the aid of a single mode fiber and a gas laser which are available in most optical laboratories. The optical components of the laser arm produce any desired state of polarization. The key elements are a Glan– Thompson polarizer with an extinction ratio of 1028 ~Halle, FRG! ...
... can also be obtained with the aid of a single mode fiber and a gas laser which are available in most optical laboratories. The optical components of the laser arm produce any desired state of polarization. The key elements are a Glan– Thompson polarizer with an extinction ratio of 1028 ~Halle, FRG! ...
Chapter 25: Interference and Diffraction
... smooth way in space at any instant), then the light is said to be coherent. If, on the other hand, the phase of a light wave varies randomly from point to point, or from moment to moment (on scales coarser than the wavelength or period of the light) then the light is said to be incoherent. For examp ...
... smooth way in space at any instant), then the light is said to be coherent. If, on the other hand, the phase of a light wave varies randomly from point to point, or from moment to moment (on scales coarser than the wavelength or period of the light) then the light is said to be incoherent. For examp ...
Matter-wave interferometry: towards antimatter interferometers
... with the dimension of the parameter space. Moreover, we can refine our analysis, e.g., taking into account the instability of the particles and their lifetime. As a first approximation, we could simply discard the particles that do not reach the detector plane. This corresponds to employ a detector ...
... with the dimension of the parameter space. Moreover, we can refine our analysis, e.g., taking into account the instability of the particles and their lifetime. As a first approximation, we could simply discard the particles that do not reach the detector plane. This corresponds to employ a detector ...
INTERFERENCE
... Two beams of microwaves of wavelength 6.00x10-3m are emitted by a source. They both travel 5cm to a detector, but one passes though air while the other through quartz of refractive index 1.54. Do they cause constructive or destructive interference? Path difference = (nquartz - nair) x d ...
... Two beams of microwaves of wavelength 6.00x10-3m are emitted by a source. They both travel 5cm to a detector, but one passes though air while the other through quartz of refractive index 1.54. Do they cause constructive or destructive interference? Path difference = (nquartz - nair) x d ...
Efficient and fast optical phase conjugation orientation of angular momentum
... power. Other alkali vapors (such as Rb and Cs) have similar transitions that one can access by diode lasers, but the problem of a large detuning (6.8 GHz for 87 Rb, 9.2 GHz for Cs) with sharp phase conherence remains. For practical systems one would prefer to have more f lexibility in choosing the o ...
... power. Other alkali vapors (such as Rb and Cs) have similar transitions that one can access by diode lasers, but the problem of a large detuning (6.8 GHz for 87 Rb, 9.2 GHz for Cs) with sharp phase conherence remains. For practical systems one would prefer to have more f lexibility in choosing the o ...
Phase microscopy and tomography
... interferometry and especially its recent implementation through digital holographic microscopy [5]. It delivers integrated phase (averaged refractive index) as it passes through a specimens. Digital holographic microscope have been applied in the areas of biomedicine, life sciences or technology. Th ...
... interferometry and especially its recent implementation through digital holographic microscopy [5]. It delivers integrated phase (averaged refractive index) as it passes through a specimens. Digital holographic microscope have been applied in the areas of biomedicine, life sciences or technology. Th ...
Phase contrast microscopy (PCM) represents a major breakthrough
... image, i.e. DC component, before the light is detected. For coherent illumination, this high-pass operation can be easily accomplished by placing an obstruction on-axis at the Fourier plane of the objective (see Fig. 7). Note that, in the absence of the specimen, the incident plane wave is focused o ...
... image, i.e. DC component, before the light is detected. For coherent illumination, this high-pass operation can be easily accomplished by placing an obstruction on-axis at the Fourier plane of the objective (see Fig. 7). Note that, in the absence of the specimen, the incident plane wave is focused o ...
X-ray Source
... The source housing may be pumped either via a series of integral direct pumping orifices or via a DN38CF bypass differential pumping port with the direct pumping orifice sealed by a cylindrical sleeve. In addition to the anode the anode housing is very efficiently water-cooled in order to reduce the ...
... The source housing may be pumped either via a series of integral direct pumping orifices or via a DN38CF bypass differential pumping port with the direct pumping orifice sealed by a cylindrical sleeve. In addition to the anode the anode housing is very efficiently water-cooled in order to reduce the ...
[pdf]
... experimental images of absorbing and scattering objects in turbid media obtained by this approach. The method differs from least-squares techniques6 in that it is fast and noniterative. In addition to providing information about the position and shape of a hidden object or objects, projection images ...
... experimental images of absorbing and scattering objects in turbid media obtained by this approach. The method differs from least-squares techniques6 in that it is fast and noniterative. In addition to providing information about the position and shape of a hidden object or objects, projection images ...
Singularities of interference of three waves with different polarization
... (eigenwaves of both Wollaston’s wedges) with linearly changed phase difference between them (along the x-axis). The third wave coming from the second arm of proposed polarization interferometer is linearly or circularly polarized with linearly changed phase difference along the y-axis. The interfere ...
... (eigenwaves of both Wollaston’s wedges) with linearly changed phase difference between them (along the x-axis). The third wave coming from the second arm of proposed polarization interferometer is linearly or circularly polarized with linearly changed phase difference along the y-axis. The interfere ...
Noninterferometric single-shot quantitative phase
... (S 0.7 ∼ 0.8). For TIE phase measurements, the results are largely independent of the condenser setting (especially for the low spatial frequency components) [15]. However, in the SQPM, we prefer to narrow down the condenser aperture a bit (S 0.3 ∼ 0.4) to ensure a certain level of spatial coher ...
... (S 0.7 ∼ 0.8). For TIE phase measurements, the results are largely independent of the condenser setting (especially for the low spatial frequency components) [15]. However, in the SQPM, we prefer to narrow down the condenser aperture a bit (S 0.3 ∼ 0.4) to ensure a certain level of spatial coher ...
The Physics 431 Final Exam W DECEMBER 16 2009
... E ( z , t ) = Re{{E0 ei( kz −ωt ) } = 12 {E0 ei( kz −ωt ) + E*0 e − i( kz −ωt ) } Key words: energy, momentum, wavelength, frequency, phase, amplitude… ...
... E ( z , t ) = Re{{E0 ei( kz −ωt ) } = 12 {E0 ei( kz −ωt ) + E*0 e − i( kz −ωt ) } Key words: energy, momentum, wavelength, frequency, phase, amplitude… ...
Document
... with its simplicity and yet powerful capability. Much of what is known today in cell biology can be traced back to this method as it allows label-free, noninvasive investigation of live cells. The principle of PCM exploits the early theory of image formation due to Abbe. The image field is the r ...
... with its simplicity and yet powerful capability. Much of what is known today in cell biology can be traced back to this method as it allows label-free, noninvasive investigation of live cells. The principle of PCM exploits the early theory of image formation due to Abbe. The image field is the r ...
Chapter 3 - People @ EECS at UC Berkeley
... factors of the term e2na/ε0mω2 must be much less than unity. Demonstrate that this approximation is valid, away from the resonance, by considering various atoms, and frequencies corresponding to both EUV and soft X-ray radiation. Atomic densities of atoms in their natural form are given in the Perio ...
... factors of the term e2na/ε0mω2 must be much less than unity. Demonstrate that this approximation is valid, away from the resonance, by considering various atoms, and frequencies corresponding to both EUV and soft X-ray radiation. Atomic densities of atoms in their natural form are given in the Perio ...
Flat Panel Detector Technology
... Photodiode arrays are predecessors to FPDs. Use of semiconductors as photo-detectors or as a switch for read out, started with photodiode arrays. A layer of X-ray sensitive scintillator is placed over the Si photodiode. This combination is called Linear Diode Array (still popular in some application ...
... Photodiode arrays are predecessors to FPDs. Use of semiconductors as photo-detectors or as a switch for read out, started with photodiode arrays. A layer of X-ray sensitive scintillator is placed over the Si photodiode. This combination is called Linear Diode Array (still popular in some application ...
In Situ Imaging of Cold Atomic Gases
... been developed and implemented within the past two decades to image dense atomic clouds, not only in situ, but also non-destructively. In this letter we present two of these methods (dark-ground imaging and phase contrast imaging) and propose a new, third method that is designed to image few-atom cl ...
... been developed and implemented within the past two decades to image dense atomic clouds, not only in situ, but also non-destructively. In this letter we present two of these methods (dark-ground imaging and phase contrast imaging) and propose a new, third method that is designed to image few-atom cl ...
Final Exam - Department of Physics and Astronomy : University of
... [Extra points: After all possible emissions, what is the wave function representing the final state reached by the hydrogen atoms? (Do not write it explicitly, but use the notation ψ nl ml ms .) ...
... [Extra points: After all possible emissions, what is the wave function representing the final state reached by the hydrogen atoms? (Do not write it explicitly, but use the notation ψ nl ml ms .) ...
Supplementary Material for
... Fig. S1 Examples of CCD image of the fringe patterns for single slides. Thinner fringes with uniform spacing are present in all images as a result of interference within the CCD assembly. Measuring the spacing of the thicker fringes, a, yields the wedge angle between the two faces of each slides, wh ...
... Fig. S1 Examples of CCD image of the fringe patterns for single slides. Thinner fringes with uniform spacing are present in all images as a result of interference within the CCD assembly. Measuring the spacing of the thicker fringes, a, yields the wedge angle between the two faces of each slides, wh ...
Phase Sensitive Amplification in Single and Double Pumped Non
... Phase noise introduced during transmission both from optical amplifiers and the nonlinear interactions between channels represents a significant limiting factor to data transmission using (differential) phase-shift keyed ((D)PSK), modulation formats [1]. Consequently, there is great interest in deve ...
... Phase noise introduced during transmission both from optical amplifiers and the nonlinear interactions between channels represents a significant limiting factor to data transmission using (differential) phase-shift keyed ((D)PSK), modulation formats [1]. Consequently, there is great interest in deve ...
Supplementary Methods and References
... wave, rs ( z ) is the scattering coefficient of the sample at depth z, Z is the total sample thickness and n(z) is the refractive index profile along the axial z-direction. The Fourier inverse of Eq. (1) ...
... wave, rs ( z ) is the scattering coefficient of the sample at depth z, Z is the total sample thickness and n(z) is the refractive index profile along the axial z-direction. The Fourier inverse of Eq. (1) ...
PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING WITH EXTENDED DEPTH OF FIELD AND SPARSE DATA
... interest is, in part, driven by the ability to penetrate poor weather and other obscurants such as clothes and polymers. Millimeter waves are high-frequency electromagnetic waves usually defined to be in the 30 to 300 GHz range with corresponding wavelengths between 10 to 1mm. Radiation at these the ...
... interest is, in part, driven by the ability to penetrate poor weather and other obscurants such as clothes and polymers. Millimeter waves are high-frequency electromagnetic waves usually defined to be in the 30 to 300 GHz range with corresponding wavelengths between 10 to 1mm. Radiation at these the ...
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCI) or phase-sensitive X-ray imaging is a general term for different technical methods that use information concerning changes in the phase of an X-ray beam that passes through an object in order to create its images. Standard X-ray imaging techniques like radiography or computed tomography (CT) rely on a decrease of the X-ray beam's intensity (attenuation) when traversing the sample, which can be measured directly with the assistance of an X-ray detector. In PCI however, the beam's phase shift caused by the sample is not measured directly, but is transformed into variations in intensity, which then can be recorded by the detector.In addition to producing projection images, PCI, like conventional transmission, can be combined with tomographic techniques to obtain the 3D distribution of the real part of the refractive index of the sample. When applied to samples that consist of atoms with low atomic number Z, PCI is more sensitive to density variations in the sample than conventional transmission-based X-ray imaging. This leads to images with improved soft tissue contrast.In the last several years, a variety of phase-contrast X-ray imaging techniques have been developed, all of which are based on the observation of interference patterns between diffracted and undiffracted waves. The most common techniques are crystal interferometry, propagation-based imaging, analyzer-based imaging, edge-illumination and grating-based imaging (see below).