Wave Optics
... interferes destructively with it. A dark fringe occurs in this direction. Condition for dark fringes: ...
... interferes destructively with it. A dark fringe occurs in this direction. Condition for dark fringes: ...
Wave Optics
... interferes destructively with it. A dark fringe occurs in this direction. Condition for dark fringes: ...
... interferes destructively with it. A dark fringe occurs in this direction. Condition for dark fringes: ...
Download PDF
... Mach–Zehnder interferometer, a standard spatial filtering lens set L1–L2 (i.e., 4-f system) with focal lengths of 60 and 300 mm is used to select the two diffraction orders and generate the final interferogram at the CCD plane. The zeroth-order beam is low-pass filtered using a pinhole (25 m diamet ...
... Mach–Zehnder interferometer, a standard spatial filtering lens set L1–L2 (i.e., 4-f system) with focal lengths of 60 and 300 mm is used to select the two diffraction orders and generate the final interferogram at the CCD plane. The zeroth-order beam is low-pass filtered using a pinhole (25 m diamet ...
Bright Field Microscopy
... diffraction and the angle of scattering are greatly reduced. • Object rays, although retarded in phase, deviate only slightly from the 0th-order component, and fall within the annulus of the phase plate. • As a result, the amplitude and intensity of the central region are essentially the same as the ...
... diffraction and the angle of scattering are greatly reduced. • Object rays, although retarded in phase, deviate only slightly from the 0th-order component, and fall within the annulus of the phase plate. • As a result, the amplitude and intensity of the central region are essentially the same as the ...
The Michelson Interferometer and Its Applications
... the concept of a static aether entirely and radically pushing physics forward with his hypothesis that the speed of light remained constant in all frames of reference. ...
... the concept of a static aether entirely and radically pushing physics forward with his hypothesis that the speed of light remained constant in all frames of reference. ...
LAB 3 - SPATIAL COHERENCE AND OPTICAL IMAGING
... extended source. Thus, we can see that the further the observation plane from the source, the greater the radius of coherence in the observation plane. As long as l is large enough, even distance stars can closely resemble point sources and have spatial coherence lengths of many meters. We will inve ...
... extended source. Thus, we can see that the further the observation plane from the source, the greater the radius of coherence in the observation plane. As long as l is large enough, even distance stars can closely resemble point sources and have spatial coherence lengths of many meters. We will inve ...
a three-dimensional outer mangetosphereric model for gamma
... inside of the gap X-ray field (Zhang & Cheng 1997); heated polar cap model of the primary particles ...
... inside of the gap X-ray field (Zhang & Cheng 1997); heated polar cap model of the primary particles ...
Determination of Absolute Values of Refractive Index of Liquids
... nREF NSIGN AL /NREF . Therefore the terms proportional θ2 , βθ and β 2 are errors. One sees that it is necessary to keep these angles smaller than 10−3 in order to obtain results of the desired precision. The beams should travel right back ...
... nREF NSIGN AL /NREF . Therefore the terms proportional θ2 , βθ and β 2 are errors. One sees that it is necessary to keep these angles smaller than 10−3 in order to obtain results of the desired precision. The beams should travel right back ...
The Michelson Interferometer
... plate. This cell is initially evacuated, and air is thereafter allowed to leak back into the cell. As the air leaks back in, the number of fringes that passes the image of the pointer is counted, and the number of fringes which have passed the pointer until one atmosphere is attained is noted. This ...
... plate. This cell is initially evacuated, and air is thereafter allowed to leak back into the cell. As the air leaks back in, the number of fringes that passes the image of the pointer is counted, and the number of fringes which have passed the pointer until one atmosphere is attained is noted. This ...
lecture1
... Distortion in lens in which there is a failure to focus different wavelength rays to converge on same point. • In light it’s the different color wavelengths • In electrons shorter wavelength electrons are more energetic and have a longer focal length than longer wavelength electrons. ...
... Distortion in lens in which there is a failure to focus different wavelength rays to converge on same point. • In light it’s the different color wavelengths • In electrons shorter wavelength electrons are more energetic and have a longer focal length than longer wavelength electrons. ...
Ultrafast holographic Stokesmeter for polarization imaging in real time Mark Kleinschmit
... time is then given by the detector-specific parameters and the amount of light ref lected by the target. It should be noted that the constraints imposed by a given SNR and the detector array are common to all the methods discussed here. The advantage of our design is that it can determine the comple ...
... time is then given by the detector-specific parameters and the amount of light ref lected by the target. It should be noted that the constraints imposed by a given SNR and the detector array are common to all the methods discussed here. The advantage of our design is that it can determine the comple ...
Ref_Note_final092911
... Because X-PEEM is most suitable for imaging solid materials in a planar geometry, we naturally focus on work involving patterned thin films. We do not mean to exclude other forms of nanomagnetism, but due to the nature of the technique we’re reviewing, this is a necessary choice. We have added “espe ...
... Because X-PEEM is most suitable for imaging solid materials in a planar geometry, we naturally focus on work involving patterned thin films. We do not mean to exclude other forms of nanomagnetism, but due to the nature of the technique we’re reviewing, this is a necessary choice. We have added “espe ...
Acousto-Optic Modulators
... Properties and figures of merit M2 for various acousto-optic materials. n is the refractive index, v is the acoustic velocity, and pij is the maximum photoelastic coefficient . (Extracted from I-Cheng Chang, Ch 6, "AcoustoOptic Modulators" in The Handbook of Optics, Vol. V, Ed. M. Bass et al, McGraw ...
... Properties and figures of merit M2 for various acousto-optic materials. n is the refractive index, v is the acoustic velocity, and pij is the maximum photoelastic coefficient . (Extracted from I-Cheng Chang, Ch 6, "AcoustoOptic Modulators" in The Handbook of Optics, Vol. V, Ed. M. Bass et al, McGraw ...
20170327_AH_Interference
... Two waves are said to be coherent if they have a constant phase relationship. For two waves travelling in air to have a constant phase relationship, they must have the same frequency and wavelength. At any given point, the phase difference between the two waves will be fixed. For us to see interfere ...
... Two waves are said to be coherent if they have a constant phase relationship. For two waves travelling in air to have a constant phase relationship, they must have the same frequency and wavelength. At any given point, the phase difference between the two waves will be fixed. For us to see interfere ...
Presentation - MAESC conference
... Fringe movements not be counted using naked eyes The sinusoidal wave has a frequency approx. at 100Hz ...
... Fringe movements not be counted using naked eyes The sinusoidal wave has a frequency approx. at 100Hz ...
moiré technique
... another film. Then the two films are laid in contact. The result is t1 · t2. 5 Do the same as under (4) except that t1 and t2 are imaged onto the same ...
... another film. Then the two films are laid in contact. The result is t1 · t2. 5 Do the same as under (4) except that t1 and t2 are imaged onto the same ...
Non-linear Optics
... 100mW of cw output from a package 3.8cm x 3.8 cm x 10cm.The device consists of a chip of 0.5mm of Nd:YV04 in contact with a 2mm KTP crystal; 500mW of laser output at 809nm is used to pump the device. ...
... 100mW of cw output from a package 3.8cm x 3.8 cm x 10cm.The device consists of a chip of 0.5mm of Nd:YV04 in contact with a 2mm KTP crystal; 500mW of laser output at 809nm is used to pump the device. ...
852_1.pdf
... distance) gives a straightforward method to estimate SAW phase velocity. In an agarose gel specimen, SAW velocity is 40.9 cm/s. These experiments demonstrate that our lowcoherence optical probe may be used to identify a scattering surface and detect acoustic transients excited by absorption of pulse ...
... distance) gives a straightforward method to estimate SAW phase velocity. In an agarose gel specimen, SAW velocity is 40.9 cm/s. These experiments demonstrate that our lowcoherence optical probe may be used to identify a scattering surface and detect acoustic transients excited by absorption of pulse ...
Sagnac-loop phase shifter with polarization
... block of photonic technologies, in particular in optical communications [1], [2]. For most typical applications, the devices work for only one particular polarization and can tolerate large insertion losses. The situation is very different in quantum information science. Here, losses are much more i ...
... block of photonic technologies, in particular in optical communications [1], [2]. For most typical applications, the devices work for only one particular polarization and can tolerate large insertion losses. The situation is very different in quantum information science. Here, losses are much more i ...
9. Microwaves MW
... aluminium mirrors at their far ends. The path length of one arm remains fixed, whereas the mirror of the other arm may be translated along the beam, hence a path difference incurred. The waves are reflected back to the beam splitter, and brought to interfere at the detector. • Change the path differ ...
... aluminium mirrors at their far ends. The path length of one arm remains fixed, whereas the mirror of the other arm may be translated along the beam, hence a path difference incurred. The waves are reflected back to the beam splitter, and brought to interfere at the detector. • Change the path differ ...
Intuitive explanation of the phase anomaly of focused light beams
... perpendicular to the beam axis) and where k = 2π/λ with λ the wavelength of light in the medium. The parameter w (z) is loosely called the beam radius because, at fixed z, the modulus of the light amplitude |u(r,z)| falls to 1/e of its maximum value at a distance w(z) from the z axis, as depicted in ...
... perpendicular to the beam axis) and where k = 2π/λ with λ the wavelength of light in the medium. The parameter w (z) is loosely called the beam radius because, at fixed z, the modulus of the light amplitude |u(r,z)| falls to 1/e of its maximum value at a distance w(z) from the z axis, as depicted in ...
Physical Optics - Old Mill High School
... the soap bubble in the figure, have a multicolored appearance that often changes while you are watching them. Why are such films multicolored and why do they change with time? ...
... the soap bubble in the figure, have a multicolored appearance that often changes while you are watching them. Why are such films multicolored and why do they change with time? ...
Opto-acoustic Imaging
... position on the surface may be made very quickly by simply moving the laser beam. Combined with the high resolution obtainable from the laser spot, this enables a detailed picture of the ultrasonic movements over a surface to be built up very rapidly by optical scanning. In addition, the independent ...
... position on the surface may be made very quickly by simply moving the laser beam. Combined with the high resolution obtainable from the laser spot, this enables a detailed picture of the ultrasonic movements over a surface to be built up very rapidly by optical scanning. In addition, the independent ...
YGG-I - Case Western Reserve University
... Previous work: B. Lamine, et al., Eur. Phys. J. D 20, ...
... Previous work: B. Lamine, et al., Eur. Phys. J. D 20, ...
White-light diffraction tomography of unlabelled live cells
... has allowed X-ray diffraction measurements to reveal the molecular-scale organization of crystals1 and more recently, image cells with nanoscale resolution2,3. The scattered field is related to the spatially varying dielectric susceptibility of the scattering object by a transformation that simplifies ...
... has allowed X-ray diffraction measurements to reveal the molecular-scale organization of crystals1 and more recently, image cells with nanoscale resolution2,3. The scattered field is related to the spatially varying dielectric susceptibility of the scattering object by a transformation that simplifies ...
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCI) or phase-sensitive X-ray imaging is a general term for different technical methods that use information concerning changes in the phase of an X-ray beam that passes through an object in order to create its images. Standard X-ray imaging techniques like radiography or computed tomography (CT) rely on a decrease of the X-ray beam's intensity (attenuation) when traversing the sample, which can be measured directly with the assistance of an X-ray detector. In PCI however, the beam's phase shift caused by the sample is not measured directly, but is transformed into variations in intensity, which then can be recorded by the detector.In addition to producing projection images, PCI, like conventional transmission, can be combined with tomographic techniques to obtain the 3D distribution of the real part of the refractive index of the sample. When applied to samples that consist of atoms with low atomic number Z, PCI is more sensitive to density variations in the sample than conventional transmission-based X-ray imaging. This leads to images with improved soft tissue contrast.In the last several years, a variety of phase-contrast X-ray imaging techniques have been developed, all of which are based on the observation of interference patterns between diffracted and undiffracted waves. The most common techniques are crystal interferometry, propagation-based imaging, analyzer-based imaging, edge-illumination and grating-based imaging (see below).