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OPINION N° 117 Use of stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood
OPINION N° 117 Use of stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood

... If at least partially HLA histocompatible haematopoietic stem cells are to be used instead of bone marrow for allografting, then a large number and a great variety of UCB units with different HLA phenotypes must be made available. Biobanks, both in France and abroad14, need certain UCB units with ra ...
FORM A
FORM A

... 54) Which one of the following nerves is derived from spinal nerves C3 and C4? a) greater auricular nerve b) lesser occipital nerve c) greater occipital nerve d) transverse cervical nerve e) supraclavicular nerve 55) Which spinal nerves would I have to cut to stop the diaphragm from contracting? a) ...
LAC.SYSTEM I-ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, CONGENITAL
LAC.SYSTEM I-ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, CONGENITAL

...  Consist of puncta, ampula, canaculi, lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct *Punctum: Situated near the medial end of each eyelid. Face slightly posterior in normal condition. slightly evert the medial end of the eyelid and the punctum will become visible. *Ampula: (Vertical canaliculus) The most prox ...
Head and neck blocks in children: an anatomical and procedural
Head and neck blocks in children: an anatomical and procedural

... risk for nerve damage is likely lower than for motor nerves. Our vast experience with the use of these nerve blocks on a routine basis in a busy outpatient pediatric surgical setting over the past decade has not demonstrated any significant adverse events associated with the use of these blocks. ...
The cranial nerves
The cranial nerves

... The Edinger-Westphal nucleus is a parasympathetic autonomic nucleus concerned mainly with reflex responses to light and accommodation. An increase in the intensity of light falling on the retina causes constriction of the pupil, The afferent limb of the reflex arc involves fibers in the optic nerve ...
absence of musculocutaneous nerve
absence of musculocutaneous nerve

... large complex structure was noted in the position typically occupied by the median nerve. Contact of this structure with the stimulating needle produced strong biceps contraction, and slight adjustment of the needle resulted in forearm pronation. After injection of 10 mL of local anesthetic near thi ...
BSC 2085 Lab Manual Copy - Lake
BSC 2085 Lab Manual Copy - Lake

... Answer: a; The blood is hypotonic to the surrounding tissues so water is pulled out of the blood into the tissues. This imbalance may cause tissue swelling known as edema. C6. How would osmosis occur between the blood plasma in the capillary and the surrounding tissue fluid in the following example? ...
Radiologic Anatomy of the cranial nerves
Radiologic Anatomy of the cranial nerves

... bulbar portion fibers transfer to vagus nerve and innervate the muscles of pharynx and larynx. The spinal portion fibers supply the sternomastoid and trapezius muscles. XII CRANIAL NERVE= HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE It is a motor nerve to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue, but for the palatoglossu ...
Living-related limbal allograft transplantation for bilateral stem cell
Living-related limbal allograft transplantation for bilateral stem cell

... lr CLAL, there is the advantage of providing some degree of immune histocompatibility [12, 14, 15]. Therefore, the possibility of graft rejection is much lower as well as the need for systemic immunosuppression. Furthermore, there is a reduction of the cell death rate due to obvious disadvantages in ...
Auriculotemporal and greater auricular nerve blocks have roles in
Auriculotemporal and greater auricular nerve blocks have roles in

... Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) refers to herpes zoster infection of the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve. Cases complicated by multicranial nerve involvement in the process of reactivation of the virus, which are known to show virulent clinical course and worse prognosis, are not common in litera ...
Supine Extensile Approach to the Anterolateral Humerus
Supine Extensile Approach to the Anterolateral Humerus

... requiring unplanned return to the operating room for irrigation and debridement. ...
Mesenchymal Stem Cells: New Approaches for the Treatment of
Mesenchymal Stem Cells: New Approaches for the Treatment of

... brain cancer and stroke, which may be treated with the harvested cells. The wide availability of adipose tissue from liposuction procedures also means that adipose-derived MSCs are more practical to study in the laboratory setting. In most academic medical centers, a steady stream of adipose tissue ...
Variant formation of sural nerve and its distribution at the dorsum of
Variant formation of sural nerve and its distribution at the dorsum of

... A very interesting point to be noted in our case is that the sural nerve not only arose along with lateral sural cutaneous nerve from common trunk of common peroneal nerve, but it also innervated the dorsal skin of 5th and 4th toe, similar to Hollinshead’s report [7]. Such origin and distribution of ...
Neuro-Anatomical Variation of Lateral Cord of Brachial Plexus
Neuro-Anatomical Variation of Lateral Cord of Brachial Plexus

... radial nerve, to the hand, and replacement by the musculocutaneous nerve. The distribution and the course and the branching of the musculocutaneous nerve is important from the clinical viewpoint. Linell [12] advised that for clinical investigation and the surgical treatment of peripheral nerve injur ...
02. Local anesthesia. Indications and contraindications. Technique
02. Local anesthesia. Indications and contraindications. Technique

... directly over or anterior to the mental foramen in the mucobuccal fold at the apices of the 1st and 2nd premolars pull the buccal tissues laterally more anesthesia is used for this block when compared to the mental block pressure is applied during the injection – forces for anesthetic solution into ...
Page 1 of 12 Learning Modules
Page 1 of 12 Learning Modules

... prevertebral ganglia. Sympathetic presynaptic fibers get to the sympathetic chain via white rami communicantes and either synapse at the level they enter, ascend or descend to synapse, or leave the sympathetic trunk without synapsing as a splanchnic nerve to go to a prevertebral ganglion. Sympathet ...
Evaluation of local anaesthetic failures in dental practice
Evaluation of local anaesthetic failures in dental practice

... The higher the pKa of the local anaesthetic, the longer its onset of action due to the fewer lipid soluble particles initially available to cross the nerve sheath. Higher pKa equates to decreased potency. A factor that dentists can influence is pH. There are two separate issues with respect to pH.Th ...
A Study on Variations of Musculocutaneous Nerve in Adult Cadavers
A Study on Variations of Musculocutaneous Nerve in Adult Cadavers

... The musculocutaneous nerve (C4–C6), a mixed peripheral nerve ,arising from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus in the axilla, usually innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm and then continues as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm . The musculocutaneous nerve has fr ...
Anterior ethmoidal nerve
Anterior ethmoidal nerve

... The largest branch of ophthalmic nerve The highest structure in the orbit Enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure (outside the common tendinous ring) Runs forwards beneath the roof, above the levator palpabrae superioris Terminates by dividing into Supra-orbital • supratrochlear nerve, ...
1 ENTRAPMENT NEUROPATHY OF THE CRANIAL NERVES By
1 ENTRAPMENT NEUROPATHY OF THE CRANIAL NERVES By

... displace (due to ongoing stress mediated to them through posture or muscular tension) or lose their inherent mobility, the nerve can be faulted. If the nerve is compressed or put under tension, acute peripheral facial paralysis, or “Bell’s Palsy” can result (Magoun, 1976 as cited in Milne, 1995). On ...
Allogeneic bilayered tissue-engineered skin
Allogeneic bilayered tissue-engineered skin

... Skin injuries can be treated via grafting. However, since both autologous and allogeneic skin grafts have their own limitations, skin tissue engineering was developed as an alternative approach to promote healing. Autologous tissue-engineered skin requires a few weeks for cell culture and cannot be ...
Iatrogenic Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy
Iatrogenic Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy

... differentiated from peripheral lesions cuff walls.15 This pressure increase in some patients was as due to presence of other brain stem findings relating to high as 50 percent more after a 30 minute procedure. No involvement of motor and sensory long-tracts, resulting for further difference in etiol ...
A Rare Anatomical Variation of the Brachial Plexus Characterized by
A Rare Anatomical Variation of the Brachial Plexus Characterized by

... divided into two secondary nerve branches, each innervating the long and short head of biceps bracheii, separately. Type II: two primary motor branches from the main MCN trunk. The proximal branch innervates the short head of the biceps and the distal branch innervates the long head of the biceps. T ...
Communicating root of auriculotemporal nerve with inferior alveolar
Communicating root of auriculotemporal nerve with inferior alveolar

... variation in the number of the branches and concluded that clinical situations involving the stomatognathic structures could be explained based on these variations. In the present study the communication with the inferior alveolar nerve may throw light on the sensory functionality of the nerves. It ...
E23 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
E23 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident

... portions of connector pin to swell and become difficult to insert into Pulse Generator.  use soft rubber vessel loops to lift nerve, if necessary. Dr. Collins instead of vessel loop places small cottonoid underneath nerve.  helical electrodes and anchor tether are coiled around nerve, beginning wi ...
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Nerve guidance conduit

A nerve guidance conduit (also referred to as an artificial nerve conduit or artificial nerve graft, as opposed to an autograft) is an artificial means of guiding axonal regrowth to facilitate nerve regeneration and is one of several clinical treatments for nerve injuries. When direct suturing of the two stumps of a severed nerve cannot be accomplished without tension, the standard clinical treatment for peripheral nerve injuries is autologous nerve grafting. Due to the limited availability of donor tissue and functional recovery in autologous nerve grafting, neural tissue engineering research has focused on the development of bioartificial nerve guidance conduits as an alternative treatment, especially for large defects. Similar techniques are also being explored for nerve repair in the spinal cord but nerve regeneration in the central nervous system poses a greater challenge because its axons do not regenerate appreciably in their native environment.The creation of artificial conduits is also known as entubulation because the nerve ends and intervening gap are enclosed within a tube composed of biological or synthetic materials. Whether the conduit is in the form of a biologic tube, synthetic tube or tissue-engineered conduit, it should facilitate neurotropic and neurotrophic communication between the proximal and distal ends of the nerve gap, block external inhibitory factors, and provide a physical guidance for axonal regrowth. The most basic objective of a nerve guidance conduit is to combine physical, chemical, and biological cues under conditions that will foster tissue formation.Materials that have been used to make biologic tubes include blood vessels and skeletal muscles, while nonabsorbable and bioabsorbable synthetic tubes have been made from silicone and polyglycolide respectively. Tissue-engineered nerve guidance conduits are a combination of many elements: scaffold structure, scaffold material, cellular therapies, neurotrophic factors and biomimetic materials. The choice of which physical, chemical and biological cues to use is based on the properties of the nerve environment, which is critical in creating the most desirable environment for axon regeneration. The factors that control material selection include biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical integrity, controllability during nerve growth, implantation and sterilization.
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