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Introduction, upper limb and lower limb
Introduction, upper limb and lower limb

... B. it contains brachial plexus C. it contains axillary a. D. it is a potential passage between prevertebral space and axillary cavity E. it contains lymph nodes 27. About the boundary of the cubital fossa, which one is wrong? A. proximal is line between epicondyles B. lateral is brachialis C. medial ...
Smell and Taste
Smell and Taste

... ammonia, the coolness of menthol, and the “heat” of chili peppers. ...
03-Necrosis and apoptosis 2008
03-Necrosis and apoptosis 2008

... Death of cells occurs in two ways: 1. Necrosis--(irreversible injury) changes produced by enzymatic digestion of dead cellular elements 2. Apoptosis--vital process that helps eliminate unwanted cells--an internally programmed series of events effected by dedicated gene products ...
Ultrasound-Guided Phrenic Nerve Block for Intractable Hiccups
Ultrasound-Guided Phrenic Nerve Block for Intractable Hiccups

... and fifth cervical nerve roots, and course via the prevertebral fascia until they join anterior to the upper, lateral portion of the anterior scalene muscle, before descending through a gap between the sternocleidomastoid and omohyoid muscles then deep into the mediastinum to provide motor innervati ...
Peripheral nerve ultrasound
Peripheral nerve ultrasound

... Axial imaging - lift techinique - is most useful in correctly identifying the nerves. Longitudinal images are most useful for suspected pathologic areas. Concerning the probe frequency used, the obvious trade-off lies in resolution vs depth. Nerve show little anisotropy. This may be useful in the ca ...
Conduction anesthesia of the lower extremity
Conduction anesthesia of the lower extremity

... for less toxic agents. Braun, 11 in 1901, suggested the addition of dilute epinephrine to the infiltration solutions-the effect being to slow the circulatory uptake and thus decrease the central nervous system effects seen with high circulating blood levels of cocaine. In 1899, Einhorn 12 synthesiz ...
Magnesium, Iron and Zinc Alloys, the Trifecta of Bioresorbable
Magnesium, Iron and Zinc Alloys, the Trifecta of Bioresorbable

... permanent metal and drug eluting stents are persistent problems [5,6]. Furthermore, permanent stenting can result in jailing of side branches of a blood vessel, preventing intervention in nearby affected sites [6]. An ideal vascular scaffold would support the vessel with adequate radial force to pre ...
The Effect of Mechanical Vibration on Human PDL Cell
The Effect of Mechanical Vibration on Human PDL Cell

... prominent theories is the pressure-tension theory. When orthodontic forces are applied to a tooth, areas within the periodontal ligament (PDL) are compressed in the direction of tooth movement on the pressure side. Conversely on the opposite side, tension exists as orthodontic force moves the tooth ...
2-4 5-20 21-24
2-4 5-20 21-24

... Peripheral nerve injury and subsequent regeneration is a segmented process characterized by temporal and spatial changes in protein expression in nerves relative to the lesion site. Injured axons retract a variable distance and undergo a brief dormant phase during which injury-induced molecular sign ...
Chapter 35: Nose
Chapter 35: Nose

... the hiatus semilunaris to place a drainage cannula is impossible without fracturing either the bulla or the unciform process. However, one should note that inferior to the unciform process to the level of the inferior concha there is no bony wall limiting the medial part of the maxillary sinus (Fig. ...
Stem Cell Research
Stem Cell Research

... stem cell therapies is that very significant investments need to be made if such therapies are to be generally available one day. Infrastructures for scale-up, safety and quality control, as well as distribution and storage need attention before therapies start to move out of clinical trials and bec ...
A Scientific, Policy and Economic Analysis
A Scientific, Policy and Economic Analysis

... New York and Stem Cell Research: a Scientific, Policy and Economic Analysis ...
Traumatic Peripheral Neuropraxias in Neonates: A Case Series  aBsT
Traumatic Peripheral Neuropraxias in Neonates: A Case Series aBsT

... Clinical presentation of brachial plexus palsy (BPP) depends on site and severity of injury to the nerves. Injuries of the brachial plexus may be mild, with only temporary sequelae, or devastating, leaving the child with a flaccid, insensate arm. Severity depends on the number of nerves involved and ...
Occipital Nerve Stimulation for Intractable Occipital Neuralgia: An
Occipital Nerve Stimulation for Intractable Occipital Neuralgia: An

... surgical revision or explantation secondary to migration or malpositioning of the electrode lead.17,27 Percutaneous approaches have been presented with migration rates of 10% to 70%, depending on the selected series.13,17,21,22,27 Oh et al.17 suggested inserting paddle electrodes percutaneously inst ...
by Bone Marrow Mesenchymal  Stem  Cell Secretions 2011
by Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretions 2011

... Figure 3.2.1 - MSC-CM confers a significant survival benefit to rats undergoing lethal cisplatin AKI. Figure 3.2.2 - MSC-CM prevents onset of severe AKI. Figure 3.2.3 - MSC-CM protects the native architecture of the kidney during AKI. Figure 3.2.4 - MSC-CM prevents apoptosis in the loop of Henle. Fi ...
OPEN ACCESS ATLAS OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY - Vula
OPEN ACCESS ATLAS OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY - Vula

... Isolated midfacial branches may be sacrificed without causing visible facial dysfunction. Transection of the temporal (frontal) and marginal mandibular nerves however results in disfiguring facial asym10 ...
Restoring function for children with brachial plexus birth palsy
Restoring function for children with brachial plexus birth palsy

... following the initial assessment and often include occupational or physical therapy to optimize each patient’s function. Therapy may begin as early as 1 to 2 weeks of age and usually occurs once a week, so family education and home exercise programs are important aspects of treatment. Therapy may in ...
L 1. A 64-year-old man presents with splenomegaly
L 1. A 64-year-old man presents with splenomegaly

... Fortunately the boy landed on the hood of the car, but the bumper struck the boys legs just below the knee and created a very large cut. The boy presents to the emergency room bleeding and walking with a distinct left foot-drop. The boy has also lost most of his ability to flex his left ankle or ev ...
- studijní a informační středisko vfu brno
- studijní a informační středisko vfu brno

... The ontogenic development does not finish in time of birth, but it continues postnatally by the processes of maturation and puberty (evolution), ageing process (regression and involution) and is finished by the physiological death. The adult mammal body is composed of more than 230 different cell ty ...
Intratemporal Facial Nerve Surgery
Intratemporal Facial Nerve Surgery

... enabled the otologist to expose safely the entire course of the facial nerve from the brain stem to its exit from the temporal bone. Surgical management of facial nerve disorders, however, continues to be as controversial as it was in the days of Cawthorne and Kettel. Successful treatment of the dis ...
Imaging of the Peripheral Nervous System: Evaluation of Peripheral
Imaging of the Peripheral Nervous System: Evaluation of Peripheral

... The epineurium is the outermost connective tissue sheath. It envelops the nerve and has extensions that encompass each of the perineurial-lined fascicles, providing mechanical support for the axons when they are subjected to stretching forces. The epineurium consists of dense, irregular connective t ...
Minimising and managing nerve injuries in dental surgical
Minimising and managing nerve injuries in dental surgical

... that articaine is a safe and effective local anaesthetic for use in clinical dentistry. However, it has also been demonstrated that there is no significant benefit in using 4% articaine compared with 2% lidocaine for IAN blocks.22 Indeed there is some concern with regard to using articaine 4% for in ...
10 Credits - Association of Surgical Technologists
10 Credits - Association of Surgical Technologists

... strength are aggravating rather than causal factors. Studies estimate that 1% to 5% of the general population,or as many as 400,000 people, have a brain aneurysm.Unfortunately, 85% to 90% are not diagnosed until rupture. At highest risk are people between the ages of 50 and 69. Most diagnosed cases ...
a case report on the bilateral trifurcation of the sciatic nerve and its
a case report on the bilateral trifurcation of the sciatic nerve and its

... tibial, common peroneal and lateral cutaneous nerve of calf has been observed [21] but the trifurcation of sciatic nerve into tibial, superficial and deep peroneal nerves is not documented in literature. The anatomy of the superficial peroneal nerve is of critical importance to surgeons performing a ...
Pathophysiology and Etiology of Osteoarthritis - e
Pathophysiology and Etiology of Osteoarthritis - e

... ligaments. The adult articular cartilage has a limited capacity for regeneration due to the absence of blood vessels and lower mitogenic potency of chondrocytes. These cells present in small proportions are considered the metabolic center and producer extracellular matrix found in cartilage, compose ...
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Nerve guidance conduit

A nerve guidance conduit (also referred to as an artificial nerve conduit or artificial nerve graft, as opposed to an autograft) is an artificial means of guiding axonal regrowth to facilitate nerve regeneration and is one of several clinical treatments for nerve injuries. When direct suturing of the two stumps of a severed nerve cannot be accomplished without tension, the standard clinical treatment for peripheral nerve injuries is autologous nerve grafting. Due to the limited availability of donor tissue and functional recovery in autologous nerve grafting, neural tissue engineering research has focused on the development of bioartificial nerve guidance conduits as an alternative treatment, especially for large defects. Similar techniques are also being explored for nerve repair in the spinal cord but nerve regeneration in the central nervous system poses a greater challenge because its axons do not regenerate appreciably in their native environment.The creation of artificial conduits is also known as entubulation because the nerve ends and intervening gap are enclosed within a tube composed of biological or synthetic materials. Whether the conduit is in the form of a biologic tube, synthetic tube or tissue-engineered conduit, it should facilitate neurotropic and neurotrophic communication between the proximal and distal ends of the nerve gap, block external inhibitory factors, and provide a physical guidance for axonal regrowth. The most basic objective of a nerve guidance conduit is to combine physical, chemical, and biological cues under conditions that will foster tissue formation.Materials that have been used to make biologic tubes include blood vessels and skeletal muscles, while nonabsorbable and bioabsorbable synthetic tubes have been made from silicone and polyglycolide respectively. Tissue-engineered nerve guidance conduits are a combination of many elements: scaffold structure, scaffold material, cellular therapies, neurotrophic factors and biomimetic materials. The choice of which physical, chemical and biological cues to use is based on the properties of the nerve environment, which is critical in creating the most desirable environment for axon regeneration. The factors that control material selection include biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical integrity, controllability during nerve growth, implantation and sterilization.
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