How Do We Know That We Know? The Accessibility Model
... liberate, educated inferences about the plausibility that the solicited target will be subsequently recalled or recognized. This may sometimes be the case with real-world knowledge, particularly at the later stages of retrieval. Here the subject's inference may be more properly designated "judgment ...
... liberate, educated inferences about the plausibility that the solicited target will be subsequently recalled or recognized. This may sometimes be the case with real-world knowledge, particularly at the later stages of retrieval. Here the subject's inference may be more properly designated "judgment ...
The Role of Temporal Structure in Human Vision
... Smith, Howell, & Stanley, 1982). Or consider another, slightly more complicated stimulus sequence, where a stimulus appears for 100 msec at one location, disappears very briefly, and then reappears for 100 msec at another, nearby location. If the two events occur within 20 msec or so of one another, ...
... Smith, Howell, & Stanley, 1982). Or consider another, slightly more complicated stimulus sequence, where a stimulus appears for 100 msec at one location, disappears very briefly, and then reappears for 100 msec at another, nearby location. If the two events occur within 20 msec or so of one another, ...
Study Guides/Part_11
... Driven by fine disparity mismtahces Non-fusible objects do not elicit fusional responses The “long-range disparity system” uses a coarse matching between “similar” even when non-fusible, images on the retina to align both eyes on the object 30 deg or more of disparity Proximal convergence (knowledge ...
... Driven by fine disparity mismtahces Non-fusible objects do not elicit fusional responses The “long-range disparity system” uses a coarse matching between “similar” even when non-fusible, images on the retina to align both eyes on the object 30 deg or more of disparity Proximal convergence (knowledge ...
Hebb repetition learning 1 VISUAL AND PHONOLOGICAL HEBB
... spatial tapping-order is maintained even though the to-be-typed digit-sequence is changed. After the participant had clicked the appropriate number of responses, they were able to advance to the next trial by pressing the spacebar. For the block involving CA, participants were required to repeat the ...
... spatial tapping-order is maintained even though the to-be-typed digit-sequence is changed. After the participant had clicked the appropriate number of responses, they were able to advance to the next trial by pressing the spacebar. For the block involving CA, participants were required to repeat the ...
Memory, aging and external memory aids
... interpreted as a challenge. To sustain a quality of life for this group and assuring that elderly will keep a position in society a substantial lot of research and scientific inquiry is being allocated to the area of assistive technology for the older population. As much of the existing assistive te ...
... interpreted as a challenge. To sustain a quality of life for this group and assuring that elderly will keep a position in society a substantial lot of research and scientific inquiry is being allocated to the area of assistive technology for the older population. As much of the existing assistive te ...
Memory
... • Childhood and Adolescence – Older children and more socially advantaged children are better at resisting interference of competing demands and at focusing attention. – Visual attention to television dramatically increases in the preschool years. – Preschoolers’ attention is related to achievement ...
... • Childhood and Adolescence – Older children and more socially advantaged children are better at resisting interference of competing demands and at focusing attention. – Visual attention to television dramatically increases in the preschool years. – Preschoolers’ attention is related to achievement ...
Functions of the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT).
... window (±20°). As animals learned to watch the target, the required duration of fixation was gradually increased. When fixation reached 2 s, the size of the window was gradually reduced to ±3–5°. Monkeys were then trained to make saccades from central (primary) gaze position to eccentric targets cho ...
... window (±20°). As animals learned to watch the target, the required duration of fixation was gradually increased. When fixation reached 2 s, the size of the window was gradually reduced to ±3–5°. Monkeys were then trained to make saccades from central (primary) gaze position to eccentric targets cho ...
Hands Up: Attentional Prioritization of Space Near the Hand
... not respond to a visual stimulus in the same retinotopic position but will respond to a visual stimulus presented near the hand’s new location. Thus, these neurons are said to represent the position of stimuli relative to the hand. In other words, they represent an object’s position in hand-centered ...
... not respond to a visual stimulus in the same retinotopic position but will respond to a visual stimulus presented near the hand’s new location. Thus, these neurons are said to represent the position of stimuli relative to the hand. In other words, they represent an object’s position in hand-centered ...
Qualitative Spatial Reasoning: Framework and Frontiers
... Diagrams and models seem inextricably linked with human spatial reasoning. Why? The wealth of concrete detail in such analog spatial representations at first might seem more than necessary for most spatial questions. Perhaps there are more abstract representations of shape and space which by themsel ...
... Diagrams and models seem inextricably linked with human spatial reasoning. Why? The wealth of concrete detail in such analog spatial representations at first might seem more than necessary for most spatial questions. Perhaps there are more abstract representations of shape and space which by themsel ...
Effect of Spatial Attention on the Responses of Area MT Neurons
... 1998). These discrepancies raise important questions: exactly what behavioral conditions are necessary and sufficient to induce strong attentional effects at the level of MT? How do these conditions relate to early and late selection models? One interesting possibility is that strong attentional eff ...
... 1998). These discrepancies raise important questions: exactly what behavioral conditions are necessary and sufficient to induce strong attentional effects at the level of MT? How do these conditions relate to early and late selection models? One interesting possibility is that strong attentional eff ...
PDF
... responded differentially to the CS depending on whether it predicted a positive or negative outcome (Paton et al., 2006; Belova et al., 2007, 2008; Morrison et al., 2011) suggestive of a valence-specific coding scheme where neurons respond to stimuli on a ‘good-to-bad’ scale. Further, different popu ...
... responded differentially to the CS depending on whether it predicted a positive or negative outcome (Paton et al., 2006; Belova et al., 2007, 2008; Morrison et al., 2011) suggestive of a valence-specific coding scheme where neurons respond to stimuli on a ‘good-to-bad’ scale. Further, different popu ...
Chapter 3 Overlapping circuits for relative value and selective
... not yet been investigated. Here we wished to gain insight into the effects of reward expectancy on neuronal activity in area V1 of macaque monkeys. Moreover, we aimed to investigate the relation between reward expectancy and attention (Maunsell, 2004). The effects of attention are as widespread acro ...
... not yet been investigated. Here we wished to gain insight into the effects of reward expectancy on neuronal activity in area V1 of macaque monkeys. Moreover, we aimed to investigate the relation between reward expectancy and attention (Maunsell, 2004). The effects of attention are as widespread acro ...
Representing Spatial Relationships in Posterior
... provided by the observation that the neural signal predicted where monkeys were going to place the next component in the copy object on correct and error trials. Importantly, this neural signal did not correlate with sensorimotor aspects of the task because neural activity did not correspond to the ...
... provided by the observation that the neural signal predicted where monkeys were going to place the next component in the copy object on correct and error trials. Importantly, this neural signal did not correlate with sensorimotor aspects of the task because neural activity did not correspond to the ...
Eye fields in the frontal lobes of primates
... Two areas within the frontal lobes play important roles in eye movement control. One area resides laterally and is known as the frontal eye field ŽFEF.. The other resides medially and dorsally and is often termed the supplementary eye field Žsee Schall w230x.. As will become clear from this review, ...
... Two areas within the frontal lobes play important roles in eye movement control. One area resides laterally and is known as the frontal eye field ŽFEF.. The other resides medially and dorsally and is often termed the supplementary eye field Žsee Schall w230x.. As will become clear from this review, ...
Here - Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience
... Frith, Frackowiak, & Dolan, 1996) and visuospatial working memory (e.g., Wallentin, Roepstorff, Glover, & Burgess, 2006). Transcranial magnetic stimulation and fMRI studies also indicate that areas surrounding the right intraparietal sulcus, including areas 7a and 40, are essential in the generation ...
... Frith, Frackowiak, & Dolan, 1996) and visuospatial working memory (e.g., Wallentin, Roepstorff, Glover, & Burgess, 2006). Transcranial magnetic stimulation and fMRI studies also indicate that areas surrounding the right intraparietal sulcus, including areas 7a and 40, are essential in the generation ...
Implicit Memory for New Associations: An
... pair, it should be possible to demonstrate the effect without requiring subjects to engage in an extended elaborative processing task. All that should be necessary is to encourage subjects to initially encode members of a pair in relation to one another. Second, our emphasis on the interaction betwe ...
... pair, it should be possible to demonstrate the effect without requiring subjects to engage in an extended elaborative processing task. All that should be necessary is to encourage subjects to initially encode members of a pair in relation to one another. Second, our emphasis on the interaction betwe ...
Integration of Sensory and Reward Information
... comprising a typical trial. From left to right, trials begin with the onset of a fixation point. Two saccade targets appear and then change color indicating the magnitude of the reward available for correctly choosing that target. A blue target indicates a low magnitude (L) reward, while a red targe ...
... comprising a typical trial. From left to right, trials begin with the onset of a fixation point. Two saccade targets appear and then change color indicating the magnitude of the reward available for correctly choosing that target. A blue target indicates a low magnitude (L) reward, while a red targe ...
The neural mechanisms of perceptual filling-in
... Figure 1 | Examples of various stimuli that induce filling-in. a | Filling-in and completion at the blind spot. When the reader’s gaze is fixed on the cross at the centre, cover the left eye. If the distance between the printed page and the face is adjusted to an appropriate distance (~15 cm), the s ...
... Figure 1 | Examples of various stimuli that induce filling-in. a | Filling-in and completion at the blind spot. When the reader’s gaze is fixed on the cross at the centre, cover the left eye. If the distance between the printed page and the face is adjusted to an appropriate distance (~15 cm), the s ...
Vision for Prehension in the Medial Parietal Cortex - Gallettilab
... update the motor output, and to correct reach direction, hand orientation, and/or grip aperture as required during the act of prehension. In contrast to the generally accepted view that the dorsomedial component of the dorsal visual stream encodes reaching, but not grasping, the functional propertie ...
... update the motor output, and to correct reach direction, hand orientation, and/or grip aperture as required during the act of prehension. In contrast to the generally accepted view that the dorsomedial component of the dorsal visual stream encodes reaching, but not grasping, the functional propertie ...
A Neural Theory of Visual Attention
... findings from single-cell studies of attentional effects on visual representations in primates. The findings include attentional effects with multiple stimuli in the RF of the recorded neuron, effects with a single stimulus in the RF, and effects on baseline firing. By far the strongest changes of a ...
... findings from single-cell studies of attentional effects on visual representations in primates. The findings include attentional effects with multiple stimuli in the RF of the recorded neuron, effects with a single stimulus in the RF, and effects on baseline firing. By far the strongest changes of a ...
projecting to oculomotor regions of the pons Activity of monkey
... turned off at an unpredictable moment for a brief period of time. The monkey was rewarded for maintaining eye position within a window surrounding the fixation point such that the sum of the horizontal and vertical differences between eye and target position was <5 O ( Sparks and Holland 1975 ) . Th ...
... turned off at an unpredictable moment for a brief period of time. The monkey was rewarded for maintaining eye position within a window surrounding the fixation point such that the sum of the horizontal and vertical differences between eye and target position was <5 O ( Sparks and Holland 1975 ) . Th ...
The continuous performance test: a window on
... The CPT is now cited as the most frequently used measure of attention in both practice and research. Across studies, results are consistent with models of sustained attention that involve the interaction of cortical (frontal, temporal, parietal), subcortical (limbic, basal ganglia), and functional s ...
... The CPT is now cited as the most frequently used measure of attention in both practice and research. Across studies, results are consistent with models of sustained attention that involve the interaction of cortical (frontal, temporal, parietal), subcortical (limbic, basal ganglia), and functional s ...
Modulation of Inhibition of Return by the Dopamine D2 Receptor
... dopamine (DA) in both involuntary attention and IOR. DA is involved in a variety of cognitive functions, and 3 lines of evidence suggest that it also modulates IOR. First, patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), a disease characterized by reduced dopaminergic transmission in the striatum, have reduc ...
... dopamine (DA) in both involuntary attention and IOR. DA is involved in a variety of cognitive functions, and 3 lines of evidence suggest that it also modulates IOR. First, patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), a disease characterized by reduced dopaminergic transmission in the striatum, have reduc ...
Differential effects of 10-Hz and 40
... the outer edges of one box) appeared for 34 ms, followed by an interstimulus interval (ISI) of either 116 ms or 266 ms (the two ISIs were equally likely and were used in order to reduce precise timing expectancies). The target screen was then presented for 50 ms and consisted of a circle (2° of visu ...
... the outer edges of one box) appeared for 34 ms, followed by an interstimulus interval (ISI) of either 116 ms or 266 ms (the two ISIs were equally likely and were used in order to reduce precise timing expectancies). The target screen was then presented for 50 ms and consisted of a circle (2° of visu ...
Normalization in human somatosensory cortex
... stimulus-evoked responses of individual neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) (Carandini et al. 1997; Carandini and Heeger 1994; Heeger 1992). The model’s defining characteristic is that the response of each neuron is divided by a factor that includes the summed activity of a pool of neurons (Carand ...
... stimulus-evoked responses of individual neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) (Carandini et al. 1997; Carandini and Heeger 1994; Heeger 1992). The model’s defining characteristic is that the response of each neuron is divided by a factor that includes the summed activity of a pool of neurons (Carand ...