Different Stimuli, Different Spatial Codes: A Visual Map and an
... Figure 4. ‘‘Point image’’ of auditory activity in comparison to visual activity as a function of target location. For each neuron, we calculated the activity for a given target location, modality, or response period as a proportion of the peak firing rate observed for any target location, modality, ...
... Figure 4. ‘‘Point image’’ of auditory activity in comparison to visual activity as a function of target location. For each neuron, we calculated the activity for a given target location, modality, or response period as a proportion of the peak firing rate observed for any target location, modality, ...
Visual field defect
... Papillitis >> inflammation of the anterior optic nerve causes disc swelling, and sometimes hemorrhages, cells in the vitreous, and deep retinal exudates. After the neuritis resolves, the disc is often pale (optic pallor), most commonly in the temporal aspect. Atrophy is seen over time, especially af ...
... Papillitis >> inflammation of the anterior optic nerve causes disc swelling, and sometimes hemorrhages, cells in the vitreous, and deep retinal exudates. After the neuritis resolves, the disc is often pale (optic pallor), most commonly in the temporal aspect. Atrophy is seen over time, especially af ...
Primary Visual Pathway
... of on and off zones • Length cells - respond to length of a bar that was moved across a receptive field • Direction cells - respond to direction of a bar moving across the receptive field. ...
... of on and off zones • Length cells - respond to length of a bar that was moved across a receptive field • Direction cells - respond to direction of a bar moving across the receptive field. ...
Attention maps in the brain - Site BU
... requiring that the attentional spotlight switch between targets multiple times per second. The speed limit of the attentional switching is a major point of debate in this literature. When subjects intentionally move their attentional spotlight, it takes a minimum of 200–250 milliseconds to shift fro ...
... requiring that the attentional spotlight switch between targets multiple times per second. The speed limit of the attentional switching is a major point of debate in this literature. When subjects intentionally move their attentional spotlight, it takes a minimum of 200–250 milliseconds to shift fro ...
Chapter 5 Learning to attend in primary visual cortex
... knowledge, it has not yet been investigated if and how neuronal responses in the visual cortex change as a result of learning within a single recording session. During a single learning session, neurons in frontal cortex change their responses (Chen and Wise 1996; Asaad et al 1998; Yotsumoto et al 2 ...
... knowledge, it has not yet been investigated if and how neuronal responses in the visual cortex change as a result of learning within a single recording session. During a single learning session, neurons in frontal cortex change their responses (Chen and Wise 1996; Asaad et al 1998; Yotsumoto et al 2 ...
Intention, Action Planning, and Decision Making in Parietal
... than reflecting actual planning. To address this possibility, a task was designed in which the stimuli were always the same and the monkeys autonomously chose whether to make a reach or a saccade (Cui and Andersen, 2007). Thus, any difference in activity cannot be attributed to sensory attributes of ...
... than reflecting actual planning. To address this possibility, a task was designed in which the stimuli were always the same and the monkeys autonomously chose whether to make a reach or a saccade (Cui and Andersen, 2007). Thus, any difference in activity cannot be attributed to sensory attributes of ...
Interactions between attention, context and learning in primary
... stronger when the cell is simultaneously activated by interlaminar connections, which would be activated by stimuli lying within the receptive field. In the presence of more complex visual environments, and under distributed attention (see below) the facilitation is seen not just with stimuli presen ...
... stronger when the cell is simultaneously activated by interlaminar connections, which would be activated by stimuli lying within the receptive field. In the presence of more complex visual environments, and under distributed attention (see below) the facilitation is seen not just with stimuli presen ...
Response characteristics of neurons in the pulvinar of awake cats to
... As noted above, the primary subcortical visual input to the Pul originates from the pretectal nuclear complex. Following the nomenclature introduced by Guillery et al. (1980), we regard the narrow band of retinal terminations shown by several authors (see, for example, Itoh et al. 1979; Leventhal et ...
... As noted above, the primary subcortical visual input to the Pul originates from the pretectal nuclear complex. Following the nomenclature introduced by Guillery et al. (1980), we regard the narrow band of retinal terminations shown by several authors (see, for example, Itoh et al. 1979; Leventhal et ...
The role of early visual cortex in visual integration: a neural model of
... the number of distractors. This suggests a parallel and ‘preattentive’ mechanism that can be implemented by the early retinotopic visual areas. On the other hand, when both target and distractors are composed of similar elementary features, the amount of time required to distinguish between them inc ...
... the number of distractors. This suggests a parallel and ‘preattentive’ mechanism that can be implemented by the early retinotopic visual areas. On the other hand, when both target and distractors are composed of similar elementary features, the amount of time required to distinguish between them inc ...
Lightweight Authentication Protocol For Smart Dust
... Future studies also involve using this processor as an eye of the robots, which provides tremendous applications ...
... Future studies also involve using this processor as an eye of the robots, which provides tremendous applications ...
The Neural Fate of Consciously Perceived and Missed Events in the
... Medial Temporal Cortex. The PPA region of each subject was first isolated in a localizer task by contrasting the brain activity in blocked presentations of faces and scenes. The mean Talairach coordinates of the isolated region (right PPA: x ⫽ 21.4 mm, y ⫽ ⫺53.1 mm, z ⫽ ⫺5.38 mm; left PPA: x ⫽ ⫺22.8 ...
... Medial Temporal Cortex. The PPA region of each subject was first isolated in a localizer task by contrasting the brain activity in blocked presentations of faces and scenes. The mean Talairach coordinates of the isolated region (right PPA: x ⫽ 21.4 mm, y ⫽ ⫺53.1 mm, z ⫽ ⫺5.38 mm; left PPA: x ⫽ ⫺22.8 ...
Lateral Geniculate nucleus
... The highway of visual information (retina-LGN-V1) can be vulnerable to strokes and tumors. Because of the orderly organization of this central visual pathway, such lesions produce characteristic gaps in the visual field. ...
... The highway of visual information (retina-LGN-V1) can be vulnerable to strokes and tumors. Because of the orderly organization of this central visual pathway, such lesions produce characteristic gaps in the visual field. ...
Oculomotor System
... Lesion of abducens nucleus produces ipsilateral paralysis of conjugate horizontal eye movements (cannot abduct ipsilateral eye due to lesion of lateral rectus motoneurons, and cannot adduct contralateral eye due to lesion of internuclear neurons that project to contralateral medial rectus motor neur ...
... Lesion of abducens nucleus produces ipsilateral paralysis of conjugate horizontal eye movements (cannot abduct ipsilateral eye due to lesion of lateral rectus motoneurons, and cannot adduct contralateral eye due to lesion of internuclear neurons that project to contralateral medial rectus motor neur ...
DISSOCIATION OF TARGET SELECTION AND SACCADE
... General conclusions continued Stochastic response preparation process necessary to explain countermanding performance. If so, response preparation must be more or less stochastic during all tasks. Therefore, the proper form of response preparation variability must be incorporated into sequential sa ...
... General conclusions continued Stochastic response preparation process necessary to explain countermanding performance. If so, response preparation must be more or less stochastic during all tasks. Therefore, the proper form of response preparation variability must be incorporated into sequential sa ...
The neural mechanisms of top- down attentional control
... left versus right. In line with previous neuroimaging studies in humans9,10,16–19 and related findings in animals3, attending to the left visual field increased activity in the right ventral occipital cortex, whereas attending to the right increased activity in the left occipital cortex (Fig. 5a). I ...
... left versus right. In line with previous neuroimaging studies in humans9,10,16–19 and related findings in animals3, attending to the left visual field increased activity in the right ventral occipital cortex, whereas attending to the right increased activity in the left occipital cortex (Fig. 5a). I ...
Binding Mechanisms in Visual Perception
... On the other hand, neurons in the higher-level visual cortex tend to have larger receptive fields because they receive convergent inputs from lower-level neurons, so the neurons at the higher levels are more selective and they respond to more complex stimuli such that they represent more complicate ...
... On the other hand, neurons in the higher-level visual cortex tend to have larger receptive fields because they receive convergent inputs from lower-level neurons, so the neurons at the higher levels are more selective and they respond to more complex stimuli such that they represent more complicate ...
Two Types of Neurons in the Primate Globus
... events were updated every 5 ms, and visual stimuli were presented on a 24-inch cathode-ray tube monitor (GDM-FW900; Sony, Tokyo; refresh rate: 60 Hz) that was located 38 cm away from the eyes, and subtended visual angle of 64 × 44°. A 0.5° square spot served as a visual stimulus. Targets of differen ...
... events were updated every 5 ms, and visual stimuli were presented on a 24-inch cathode-ray tube monitor (GDM-FW900; Sony, Tokyo; refresh rate: 60 Hz) that was located 38 cm away from the eyes, and subtended visual angle of 64 × 44°. A 0.5° square spot served as a visual stimulus. Targets of differen ...
The Value of the Examination of Visuooculomotor Reflexes in
... (groups I–III) are saccadic and smooth-pursuit pathologies present with statistical significance. The similar frequency of the presence of saccadic or eye-tracking disturbances both in vermis and cerebellar cortex and brainstem damages seems to suggest evidence of the same pathways for these reflexe ...
... (groups I–III) are saccadic and smooth-pursuit pathologies present with statistical significance. The similar frequency of the presence of saccadic or eye-tracking disturbances both in vermis and cerebellar cortex and brainstem damages seems to suggest evidence of the same pathways for these reflexe ...
reviews - Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
... The control of focal visual attention involves an intricate network of brain areas (BOX 1). In a first approximation, selecting where to attend next is primarily controlled by the DORSAL STREAM of visual processing18, although object recognition in the VENTRAL STREAM can bias the next attentional sh ...
... The control of focal visual attention involves an intricate network of brain areas (BOX 1). In a first approximation, selecting where to attend next is primarily controlled by the DORSAL STREAM of visual processing18, although object recognition in the VENTRAL STREAM can bias the next attentional sh ...
Visual Responses of Pulvinar and Collicular Neurons During Eye
... eye position and terminated trials if the eye moved outside of a computer-generated, 2O-square window surrounding the fixation point (Fig. IA). Once they were able to fixate correctly, they were trained to make saccadic eye movements from one stimulus to another on simultaneous termination of the fi ...
... eye position and terminated trials if the eye moved outside of a computer-generated, 2O-square window surrounding the fixation point (Fig. IA). Once they were able to fixate correctly, they were trained to make saccadic eye movements from one stimulus to another on simultaneous termination of the fi ...
Modeling Visual Cognition
... in terms of their direct link to psychologically meaningful concepts such as the rate of encoding of stimulus information and the amount of information that can be retained in memory. An additional aim of the research presented in this dissertation was to extend these models to explain the mechanism ...
... in terms of their direct link to psychologically meaningful concepts such as the rate of encoding of stimulus information and the amount of information that can be retained in memory. An additional aim of the research presented in this dissertation was to extend these models to explain the mechanism ...
Psychology of Learning - Lehrstuhl für Pädagogik
... Associate facts to images. This can be a very efficient way to memorize large quantities of information. Visualize images. See figures with the "eyes of your mind". Exercise: Close your eyes and imagine a big and juicy steak. Smell its aroma and feel the softness of its meat. Imagine yourself cuttin ...
... Associate facts to images. This can be a very efficient way to memorize large quantities of information. Visualize images. See figures with the "eyes of your mind". Exercise: Close your eyes and imagine a big and juicy steak. Smell its aroma and feel the softness of its meat. Imagine yourself cuttin ...
GABA-antagonist inverts movement and object detection in flies
... spatial wavelength of grating 13"; contrast 30%; stimulus frequency 3 Hz). The flies were stimulated repetitively with a constant sequence of visual stimuli. This consisted of motion from back to front. counterphase flicker, motion from front to back and again counterphase flicker. Each stimulus las ...
... spatial wavelength of grating 13"; contrast 30%; stimulus frequency 3 Hz). The flies were stimulated repetitively with a constant sequence of visual stimuli. This consisted of motion from back to front. counterphase flicker, motion from front to back and again counterphase flicker. Each stimulus las ...
Visual Perception: Objects and Scenes
... this mechanism is not perfect because it is only based on “guess” at most. However, as one can notice if one imagines the world without that conjecture, it is essential part of our visual system that make our visual system much more powerful than the one without it. Visual interpolation does not inc ...
... this mechanism is not perfect because it is only based on “guess” at most. However, as one can notice if one imagines the world without that conjecture, it is essential part of our visual system that make our visual system much more powerful than the one without it. Visual interpolation does not inc ...