Specificity in Inhibitory Systems Associated with Prefrontal Pathways to
... to inhibitory neurons labeled for calbindin (CB) or parvalbumin (PV), which differ in mode of inhibition. Projection neurons in area 10 originated mostly in layers 2--3 and were intermingled with CB inhibitory neurons. In contrast, projections from area 32 originated predominantly in layers 5--6 amo ...
... to inhibitory neurons labeled for calbindin (CB) or parvalbumin (PV), which differ in mode of inhibition. Projection neurons in area 10 originated mostly in layers 2--3 and were intermingled with CB inhibitory neurons. In contrast, projections from area 32 originated predominantly in layers 5--6 amo ...
Imagery and Perception Share Cortical
... perception condition, the pictures (size 4.8) were presented for 4 s at a position either 6 left or right of fixation (Fig. 1B,C) in pseudorandom order. In the imagery condition, participants received auditory cues that indicated the location at which to imagine an object (left or right of fixation) ...
... perception condition, the pictures (size 4.8) were presented for 4 s at a position either 6 left or right of fixation (Fig. 1B,C) in pseudorandom order. In the imagery condition, participants received auditory cues that indicated the location at which to imagine an object (left or right of fixation) ...
Does the End Justify the Means?
... the monkey area F5, in particular the ventral premotor cortex. A PET experiment was conducted by our group in order to identify the hemodynamic response to mutual imitation between the observer and experimenter. The right inferior parietal lobule, the superior temporal region bilaterally, and the me ...
... the monkey area F5, in particular the ventral premotor cortex. A PET experiment was conducted by our group in order to identify the hemodynamic response to mutual imitation between the observer and experimenter. The right inferior parietal lobule, the superior temporal region bilaterally, and the me ...
Aberrant changes of somatostatin and neuropeptide Y in brain of a
... cortex compared with control (Wistar) rats. The peptide levels of these neuropeptides in brain areas mentioned above were both apparently higher than that in normal Wistar rats as well. However, in cerebellums, neither SST nor NPY was significantly changed compared with control group. The immunohist ...
... cortex compared with control (Wistar) rats. The peptide levels of these neuropeptides in brain areas mentioned above were both apparently higher than that in normal Wistar rats as well. However, in cerebellums, neither SST nor NPY was significantly changed compared with control group. The immunohist ...
6.12 Dorsal and Ventral Streams in the Sense of Touch
... the thalamus), S-I (primary somatosensory cortex, areas 3a, 3b, 1, and 2), S-II/PV (secondary somatosensory and parietal ventral cortex). Posterior parietal areas (blue): 5d/5v (rostral end of superior parietal lobule), PRR (parietal reach region, caudal end of superior parietal lobule), AIP (anteri ...
... the thalamus), S-I (primary somatosensory cortex, areas 3a, 3b, 1, and 2), S-II/PV (secondary somatosensory and parietal ventral cortex). Posterior parietal areas (blue): 5d/5v (rostral end of superior parietal lobule), PRR (parietal reach region, caudal end of superior parietal lobule), AIP (anteri ...
The Distribution of Tyrosine Hydroxylase
... Figure 3. Dark-field photomicrographs of TH (A) and DBH (B) immunoreactivity in the superficial layers of prefrontal cortex of cynomolgus monkey. Note the dense band of TH-labeled fibers in deep layer I and in layer II and the relative paucity of fibers in the superficial portion of layer I. In cont ...
... Figure 3. Dark-field photomicrographs of TH (A) and DBH (B) immunoreactivity in the superficial layers of prefrontal cortex of cynomolgus monkey. Note the dense band of TH-labeled fibers in deep layer I and in layer II and the relative paucity of fibers in the superficial portion of layer I. In cont ...
Multisensory Integration of Dynamic Faces and Voices
... temporal gyrus of the temporal lobe are consistently activated by bimodal speech signals and often show enhanced activity over unimodally induced signals (Calvert et al., 2000; Callan et al., 2003; Wright et al., 2003). Furthermore, a recent study in rhesus monkeys has confirmed such integration in ...
... temporal gyrus of the temporal lobe are consistently activated by bimodal speech signals and often show enhanced activity over unimodally induced signals (Calvert et al., 2000; Callan et al., 2003; Wright et al., 2003). Furthermore, a recent study in rhesus monkeys has confirmed such integration in ...
Short frontal lobe connections of the human brain
... marginal sulcus (FMS). The connections between Broca and medial frontal areas (i.e. FAT) and those between the hand-knob motor region and post-central gyrus (PoCG) were found left lateralized in a group of twelve healthy right-handed subjects. The existence of these short frontal connections was con ...
... marginal sulcus (FMS). The connections between Broca and medial frontal areas (i.e. FAT) and those between the hand-knob motor region and post-central gyrus (PoCG) were found left lateralized in a group of twelve healthy right-handed subjects. The existence of these short frontal connections was con ...
Flow of information for emotions through temporal and orbitofrontal pathways REVIEW
... the process of selective attention for emotional events. It specifically addresses the question of whether the patterns of connections between prefrontal cortex and other structures can provide information about the sequence of transmission of information for emotions. How is information from multip ...
... the process of selective attention for emotional events. It specifically addresses the question of whether the patterns of connections between prefrontal cortex and other structures can provide information about the sequence of transmission of information for emotions. How is information from multip ...
INTRINSIC CONNECTIONS AND CYTOARCHITECTONIC DATA OF
... only those measurements which were taken from flat cortical surfaces in both the dorsal and ventral FAC zones (Table 11). The measurements were takeq with a micrometric ocular in the so-called measurement segments similarly located in all the dogs. In each FAC area 2 - 3 segments were measured (Fig. ...
... only those measurements which were taken from flat cortical surfaces in both the dorsal and ventral FAC zones (Table 11). The measurements were takeq with a micrometric ocular in the so-called measurement segments similarly located in all the dogs. In each FAC area 2 - 3 segments were measured (Fig. ...
The Circuitry of V1 and V2 - UCSD Cognitive Science
... A third, neglected class of cells was later discovered in thin leaflets of tissue intercalated between the classical magno and parvo layers. These additional geniculate laminae were first recognized in the prosimian, where they are better developed than in the macaque. They were called “koniocellular, ...
... A third, neglected class of cells was later discovered in thin leaflets of tissue intercalated between the classical magno and parvo layers. These additional geniculate laminae were first recognized in the prosimian, where they are better developed than in the macaque. They were called “koniocellular, ...
Lateral prefrontal cortex: architectonic and functional organization
... computations occurring in a given area for the complex neuronal network within which it is embedded can be explored, in monkeys, by observing the consequences on cognitive/behavioural function of removal or disconnection of the particular area or manipulations of its neurotransmitter activity. There ...
... computations occurring in a given area for the complex neuronal network within which it is embedded can be explored, in monkeys, by observing the consequences on cognitive/behavioural function of removal or disconnection of the particular area or manipulations of its neurotransmitter activity. There ...
Distinct Mechanisms for Processing Spatial Sequences and Pitch
... cortical areas (Griffiths and Warren, 2002). PT is a large region of auditory association cortex, occupying the superior temporal plane posterior to Heschl’s gyrus (HG) (Westbury et al., 1999). PT is involved in processing many different types of sound patterns, including both intrinsic spectrotempo ...
... cortical areas (Griffiths and Warren, 2002). PT is a large region of auditory association cortex, occupying the superior temporal plane posterior to Heschl’s gyrus (HG) (Westbury et al., 1999). PT is involved in processing many different types of sound patterns, including both intrinsic spectrotempo ...
Neuron
... 2001) and lateral intraparietal areas in macaques (Andersen et al., 1997; Colby and Goldberg, 1999), but functional correspondences among them also remain elusive. These diversities emphasize the importance of direct comparison of the functional architecture of the frontal and parietal eye fields be ...
... 2001) and lateral intraparietal areas in macaques (Andersen et al., 1997; Colby and Goldberg, 1999), but functional correspondences among them also remain elusive. These diversities emphasize the importance of direct comparison of the functional architecture of the frontal and parietal eye fields be ...
Regional and laminar distribution of the vesicular glutamate
... (Barroso-Chinea et al., 2007). In the MGC, VGluT1 mRNA expression was confined to the MGv, whereas neurons expressing VGluT2 were widely distributed in all divisions. In consideration of all of these findings, then, it appears that VGluT2-ir is a general marker of the glutamatergic thalamocortical pro ...
... (Barroso-Chinea et al., 2007). In the MGC, VGluT1 mRNA expression was confined to the MGv, whereas neurons expressing VGluT2 were widely distributed in all divisions. In consideration of all of these findings, then, it appears that VGluT2-ir is a general marker of the glutamatergic thalamocortical pro ...
interactions between number and space in parietal cortex
... on the right side of space whereas those for smaller numbers are faster on the left side. The graph represents the response-time difference between right-hand and left-hand key presses. Values greater than 0 indicate a left-hand advantage, whereas values less than 0 indicate a right-hand advantage. ...
... on the right side of space whereas those for smaller numbers are faster on the left side. The graph represents the response-time difference between right-hand and left-hand key presses. Values greater than 0 indicate a left-hand advantage, whereas values less than 0 indicate a right-hand advantage. ...
12 - Humbleisd.net
... – Additional areas of gray matter in brain – Cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum • Outer gray matter called cortex ...
... – Additional areas of gray matter in brain – Cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum • Outer gray matter called cortex ...
Kandel and Schwartz, 4th Edition Principles of Neural Science Chap
... All behavior is mediated by the central nervous system, which consists of the spinal cord and the brain. The brain is composed of six regions, each of which can be further subdivided into several anatomically and functionally distinct areas. The six major brain divisions are the medulla, pons, cereb ...
... All behavior is mediated by the central nervous system, which consists of the spinal cord and the brain. The brain is composed of six regions, each of which can be further subdivided into several anatomically and functionally distinct areas. The six major brain divisions are the medulla, pons, cereb ...
Role of the Human Anterior Cingulate Cortex in the Control of
... region was demonstrated consistent with its known anatomic connections. It should be noted at this point that the ACC is not a morphologically homogeneous region. It comprises at least two cytoarchitectonic areas, Brodmann’s areas 24 and 32. In the monkey, area 32 represents the rostralmost part of ...
... region was demonstrated consistent with its known anatomic connections. It should be noted at this point that the ACC is not a morphologically homogeneous region. It comprises at least two cytoarchitectonic areas, Brodmann’s areas 24 and 32. In the monkey, area 32 represents the rostralmost part of ...
Sensory Pathways and Emotional Context for Action
... (sensory) and internal (emotional) environments is directed most robustly to a posterior strip of orbitofrontal cortex, situated anterior to the temporal lobe and medial to the anterior insula (for discussion of the varied terminology of this region see [31]). The pOFC includes areas orbital periall ...
... (sensory) and internal (emotional) environments is directed most robustly to a posterior strip of orbitofrontal cortex, situated anterior to the temporal lobe and medial to the anterior insula (for discussion of the varied terminology of this region see [31]). The pOFC includes areas orbital periall ...
Visual Object Recognition: Do We Know More Now Than We Did 20
... Conversely, the sensitivity constraint is satisfied by two properties of the proposed representation. First, generalized cones—a twodimensional cross-section of any shape swept along an axis of that shape—can capture an infinite number of part shapes. Clearly, such powerful representational units have ...
... Conversely, the sensitivity constraint is satisfied by two properties of the proposed representation. First, generalized cones—a twodimensional cross-section of any shape swept along an axis of that shape—can capture an infinite number of part shapes. Clearly, such powerful representational units have ...
Contextual modulation and stimulus selectivity in extrastriate cortex
... the retina and primary visual cortex has been extensively described in the literature. Here, we describe how similar computations can also elaborate feature selectivity in the extrastriate areas of both the dorsal and ventral streams of the primate visual system. We discuss recent work that makes us ...
... the retina and primary visual cortex has been extensively described in the literature. Here, we describe how similar computations can also elaborate feature selectivity in the extrastriate areas of both the dorsal and ventral streams of the primate visual system. We discuss recent work that makes us ...
NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEMS IN THE VISUAL CORTEX OF
... rows of GAD positive neurons in supragranular layers are preferentially related to each eye (50). The distribution of GABAergic neurons seems to correlate with the "puff" regions of elevated cytochrom oxidase activity also in the striate cortex of the squirrel monkey (19). In the kitten striate cort ...
... rows of GAD positive neurons in supragranular layers are preferentially related to each eye (50). The distribution of GABAergic neurons seems to correlate with the "puff" regions of elevated cytochrom oxidase activity also in the striate cortex of the squirrel monkey (19). In the kitten striate cort ...
The Representation of Biological Classes in the Human Brain
... were screened for MRI scanning and provided informed consent in acexperiment for our six stimulus categories using deconvolution using cordance with the Institutional Review Board of Dartmouth College. AFNI software (3dDeconvolve). Each stimulus event was modeled by a Subjects were paid an hourly ra ...
... were screened for MRI scanning and provided informed consent in acexperiment for our six stimulus categories using deconvolution using cordance with the Institutional Review Board of Dartmouth College. AFNI software (3dDeconvolve). Each stimulus event was modeled by a Subjects were paid an hourly ra ...
Connection Patterns Distinguish 3 Regions of Human Parietal Cortex
... Advance Access publication November 23, 2005 ...
... Advance Access publication November 23, 2005 ...
Inferior temporal gyrus
The inferior temporal gyrus is placed below the middle temporal gyrus, and is connected behind with the inferior occipital gyrus; it also extends around the infero-lateral border on to the inferior surface of the temporal lobe, where it is limited by the inferior sulcus. This region is one of the higher levels of the ventral stream of visual processing, associated with the representation of complex object features, such as global shape. It may also be involved in face perception, and in the recognition of numbers.The inferior temporal gyrus is the anterior region of the temporal lobe located underneath the central temporal sulcus. The primary function of the inferior temporal gyrus - otherwise referenced as IT cortex - is associated with visual stimuli processing, namely visual object recognition, and has been suggested by recent experimental results as the final location of the ventral cortical visual system. The IT cortex in humans is also known as the Inferior Temporal Gyrus since it has been located to a specific region of the human temporal lobe. The IT processes visual stimuli of objects in our field of vision, and is involved with memory and memory recall to identify that object; it is involved with the processing and perception created by visual stimuli amplified in the V1, V2, V3, and V4 regions of the occipital lobe. This region processes the color and form of the object in the visual field and is responsible for producing the “what” from this visual stimuli, or in other words identifying the object based on the color and form of the object and comparing that processed information to stored memories of objects to identify that object.The IT cortex’s neurological significance is not just its contribution to the processing of visual stimuli in object recognition but also has been found to be a vital area with regards to simple processing of the visual field, difficulties with perceptual tasks and spatial awareness, and the location of unique single cells that possibly explain the IT cortex’s relation to memory.