Chapter 6 Learning
... activity in the UCS center automatically causes activation of the UCR center. At this time activity of the CS center does not affect the UCS center. (b) After sufficient pairings of the CS and UCS, their simultaneous activity causes the growth of a connection between the CS and UCS centers. Afterwar ...
... activity in the UCS center automatically causes activation of the UCR center. At this time activity of the CS center does not affect the UCS center. (b) After sufficient pairings of the CS and UCS, their simultaneous activity causes the growth of a connection between the CS and UCS centers. Afterwar ...
Elective Psych Final Review ~ 2014 Name: Directions: It would, of
... In Pavlov's classic studies on classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus (CS) was In Pavlov's classic studies on classical conditioning, the conditioned response (CR) was Watson and Rayner's (1920) research using Little Albert was important for showing that… In the Little Albert studi ...
... In Pavlov's classic studies on classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus (CS) was In Pavlov's classic studies on classical conditioning, the conditioned response (CR) was Watson and Rayner's (1920) research using Little Albert was important for showing that… In the Little Albert studi ...
Chapter 5
... These four graphs show the typical pattern of responding for both fixed and variable interval and ratio schedules of reinforcement. The responses are cumulative, which means new responses are added to those that come before, and all graphs begin after the learned pattern is well established. Slash m ...
... These four graphs show the typical pattern of responding for both fixed and variable interval and ratio schedules of reinforcement. The responses are cumulative, which means new responses are added to those that come before, and all graphs begin after the learned pattern is well established. Slash m ...
Interaction of goal-directed and Pavlovian systems in aversive domains
... The circle was red for half of the trials and yellow for the other half. After two seconds, a ball of the same color of the circle appeared on one side of the screen and moved towards the opposite side, passing through the circle. The speed of the ball varied randomly trial by trial in all three blo ...
... The circle was red for half of the trials and yellow for the other half. After two seconds, a ball of the same color of the circle appeared on one side of the screen and moved towards the opposite side, passing through the circle. The speed of the ball varied randomly trial by trial in all three blo ...
What is psychology - Kirkwood Community College
... 5. Contrast the seven approaches/perspectives in psychology: psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, neuroscience/biopsychology, evolutionary, and sociocultural (pp. 1014). 6. Explain the importance of Wilhelm Wundt, William James, and Sigmund Freud in the history of psychology (pp. 10-12) ...
... 5. Contrast the seven approaches/perspectives in psychology: psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, neuroscience/biopsychology, evolutionary, and sociocultural (pp. 1014). 6. Explain the importance of Wilhelm Wundt, William James, and Sigmund Freud in the history of psychology (pp. 10-12) ...
SR associations, their extinction, and recovery in an animal model of
... association is presumed to be weak. This account shares similarities with the argument presented by Cook and Mineka (1987), who suggested that second-order associations can explain this type of fears (in a second-order conditioning situation, a target CS1 acquires behavioral control after been paire ...
... association is presumed to be weak. This account shares similarities with the argument presented by Cook and Mineka (1987), who suggested that second-order associations can explain this type of fears (in a second-order conditioning situation, a target CS1 acquires behavioral control after been paire ...
Behaviorism
... behaviorism, also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. BEHAVIORISM (STANFORD ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PHILOSOPHY) Sat, 22 Apr 2017 16:32:00 GMT 1. what is behaviorism? one has to be careful with "ism" words. they often ...
... behaviorism, also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. BEHAVIORISM (STANFORD ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PHILOSOPHY) Sat, 22 Apr 2017 16:32:00 GMT 1. what is behaviorism? one has to be careful with "ism" words. they often ...
Spontaneous recovery after reversal and partial
... that had undergone both acquisition and extinction with that during a stimulus that had only undergone acquisition, when both have attained the same response level prior to the delay. It is, of course, quite common to observe that responding will increase with time for a stimulus that has a history ...
... that had undergone both acquisition and extinction with that during a stimulus that had only undergone acquisition, when both have attained the same response level prior to the delay. It is, of course, quite common to observe that responding will increase with time for a stimulus that has a history ...
Pavlovian Contingencies and Temporal Information
... records (Gallistel, Fairhurst, & Balsam, 2004). First, we computed the cumulative record of responses versus trials. If the average rate (responses per trial) remains constant, then the slope of the cumulative record will be constant. If the average rate changes at some point, then there will be a c ...
... records (Gallistel, Fairhurst, & Balsam, 2004). First, we computed the cumulative record of responses versus trials. If the average rate (responses per trial) remains constant, then the slope of the cumulative record will be constant. If the average rate changes at some point, then there will be a c ...
Protection from extinction
... model of conditioning proposed that the total associative strength of a compound is compared with the strength that a reinforcer can produce in order to compute an error term. That error term is then used to update the associative strengths of all the elements in the compound. The phenomenon of bloc ...
... model of conditioning proposed that the total associative strength of a compound is compared with the strength that a reinforcer can produce in order to compute an error term. That error term is then used to update the associative strengths of all the elements in the compound. The phenomenon of bloc ...
EXTENDED PRIMARY AND HIGHER ORDER CONDITIONING OF
... gathering responses occurred at the onset of the light. Copeland and Brown (1934), using the same general experimental technique, substituted a tactual cue (touch to the anterior end of the worm) for the light cue. Again, reliable conditioned responses were obtained after a few trials. Raabe (1939) ...
... gathering responses occurred at the onset of the light. Copeland and Brown (1934), using the same general experimental technique, substituted a tactual cue (touch to the anterior end of the worm) for the light cue. Again, reliable conditioned responses were obtained after a few trials. Raabe (1939) ...
Ciccarelli 5: Learning
... Before conditioning takes place, the sound of the metronome does not cause salivation and is a neutral stimulus, or NS. During conditioning, the sound of the metronome occurs just before the presentation of the food, the UCS. The food causes salivation, the UCR. When conditioning has occurred after ...
... Before conditioning takes place, the sound of the metronome does not cause salivation and is a neutral stimulus, or NS. During conditioning, the sound of the metronome occurs just before the presentation of the food, the UCS. The food causes salivation, the UCR. When conditioning has occurred after ...
Prefrontal and parietal cortex mediate the interference
... No Adaptation to Shape Repetition in IPL and PTC One possible explanation for the greater response of the right IPL and PTC to “different” conditions compared with “same” conditions is that the responses reflect general same-ordifferent decisions and are thus not a reflection of neural adaptation to ...
... No Adaptation to Shape Repetition in IPL and PTC One possible explanation for the greater response of the right IPL and PTC to “different” conditions compared with “same” conditions is that the responses reflect general same-ordifferent decisions and are thus not a reflection of neural adaptation to ...
The Role of Cognition in Classical and Operant Conditioning
... In a direct test of the hypothesis that rats in mazes learn locations rather than responses, Tolman et al. (1946) alternately placed rats in one of two different start locations. Half of the rats (designated place learners) were reinforced for running to the same location, which required a different ...
... In a direct test of the hypothesis that rats in mazes learn locations rather than responses, Tolman et al. (1946) alternately placed rats in one of two different start locations. Half of the rats (designated place learners) were reinforced for running to the same location, which required a different ...
Latent inhibition as a function of US intensity in a two
... could be thought that the intensity of the US presented during conditioning should not affect the magnitude of this phenomenon. Nevertheless, LI reflects a balance between what the subject learns about the CS during both preexposure and conditioning. The impact of that learnt during conditioning mig ...
... could be thought that the intensity of the US presented during conditioning should not affect the magnitude of this phenomenon. Nevertheless, LI reflects a balance between what the subject learns about the CS during both preexposure and conditioning. The impact of that learnt during conditioning mig ...
Levels of representation in habituation and classical conditioning
... in theories which apply to standard laboratory animals, and of course to human subjects. It is possible that, in the case of conditioning experiments with people (see Davey, 1986), Figure 4.1 ought really to have another, higher level added on, in which verbal reformulations of causal relationships ...
... in theories which apply to standard laboratory animals, and of course to human subjects. It is possible that, in the case of conditioning experiments with people (see Davey, 1986), Figure 4.1 ought really to have another, higher level added on, in which verbal reformulations of causal relationships ...
AP Psychology Syllabus
... Abnormal Psychology, Treatment of Psychological Disorders, and Social Psychology. In an effort to make budding psychologists out of you, the course will stress the need to think like a psychologist. As author and social psychologist, David Myers, notes, to think like a psychologist one must “restrai ...
... Abnormal Psychology, Treatment of Psychological Disorders, and Social Psychology. In an effort to make budding psychologists out of you, the course will stress the need to think like a psychologist. As author and social psychologist, David Myers, notes, to think like a psychologist one must “restrai ...
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY Objective 1.1
... control group participants were to be told that they could increase their test scores by holding their textbooks at a particular angle when reading. Each group was allowed to practice the techniques they were taught on a chapter in a psychology textbook, after which Sam tested them over what they ha ...
... control group participants were to be told that they could increase their test scores by holding their textbooks at a particular angle when reading. Each group was allowed to practice the techniques they were taught on a chapter in a psychology textbook, after which Sam tested them over what they ha ...
Comer, Abnormal Psychology, 8th edition
... information or photos of them without their permission – One fourth of all users feel a constant pressure to disclose too much personal information on their social networks, and a number feel intense pressure to post material that will be popular and get numerous comments and “likes.” ...
... information or photos of them without their permission – One fourth of all users feel a constant pressure to disclose too much personal information on their social networks, and a number feel intense pressure to post material that will be popular and get numerous comments and “likes.” ...
Within-subjects Extinction and Renewal in Predictive Judgments
... presented in context Y (the extinction context). These results replicate those previously found with animals, and extent the ones found with humans using contingency judgment tasks. Different associative theories, particularly Bouton's (1993) retrieval model of learning, are considered for the expla ...
... presented in context Y (the extinction context). These results replicate those previously found with animals, and extent the ones found with humans using contingency judgment tasks. Different associative theories, particularly Bouton's (1993) retrieval model of learning, are considered for the expla ...
BF Skinner And Behaviorism
... For example, a chicken is at first rewarded if it turns slightly in the direction of the piano. As it begins to turn toward the piano more frequently, it begins to be rewarded only when it looks directly at the piano or moves toward it. Eventually it is rewarded only when it touches the piano, and s ...
... For example, a chicken is at first rewarded if it turns slightly in the direction of the piano. As it begins to turn toward the piano more frequently, it begins to be rewarded only when it looks directly at the piano or moves toward it. Eventually it is rewarded only when it touches the piano, and s ...
Slide 1
... in behavior brought about by experience or practice – When people learn anything, some part of their brain is physically changed to record what they have learned. – Any kind of change in the way an organism behaves is learning. ...
... in behavior brought about by experience or practice – When people learn anything, some part of their brain is physically changed to record what they have learned. – Any kind of change in the way an organism behaves is learning. ...
Chapter 15 Power Point: Psychological Therapies
... Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies LO 15.5 Goals of Cognitive Therapies ...
... Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies LO 15.5 Goals of Cognitive Therapies ...
AP Psychology Syllabus
... 16. Explain how bar graphs can misrepresent data. 17. Describe the three measures of central tendency, and tell which is most affected by extreme scores. 18. Describe two measures of variation. 19. Identify three principles for making generalizations from samples. 20. Explain how psychologists decid ...
... 16. Explain how bar graphs can misrepresent data. 17. Describe the three measures of central tendency, and tell which is most affected by extreme scores. 18. Describe two measures of variation. 19. Identify three principles for making generalizations from samples. 20. Explain how psychologists decid ...
Associative foundation of causal learning in rats
... not be parsimonious to have two accounts, one for humans and the other for nonhumans, of an intervention observed in both humans and nonhumans. Of course, manipulation of the candidate cause may simply reflect associative chains reaching back from the valued effect. However, if this were true, the s ...
... not be parsimonious to have two accounts, one for humans and the other for nonhumans, of an intervention observed in both humans and nonhumans. Of course, manipulation of the candidate cause may simply reflect associative chains reaching back from the valued effect. However, if this were true, the s ...