A COMPARISON OF TWO PAIRING PROCEDURES
... whether that stimulus increases responding. For example, Skinner (1938) described a study in which an audible clicking sound immediately preceded the delivery of food to food-deprived rats on a time-based schedule. In a second phase, a lever was introduced into the experimental chamber, and lever pr ...
... whether that stimulus increases responding. For example, Skinner (1938) described a study in which an audible clicking sound immediately preceded the delivery of food to food-deprived rats on a time-based schedule. In a second phase, a lever was introduced into the experimental chamber, and lever pr ...
OSC_Psychology_TestBank_Ch06_Learning
... 1. Dave’s boss told him that he doesn’t have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave’s boss is using ________. A. negative punishment *B. negative reinforcement C. positive punishment D. positive reinforcement Difficulty: Moderate APA St ...
... 1. Dave’s boss told him that he doesn’t have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave’s boss is using ________. A. negative punishment *B. negative reinforcement C. positive punishment D. positive reinforcement Difficulty: Moderate APA St ...
Evidence for the hierarchical structure of instrumental learning
... presence and absence of the stimulus, thus preventing the stimulus from signaling the occurrence of the outcome. However, the stimulus was arranged to signal a change in the R-O relation: in the absence of the stimulus, the outcome occurred freely, but in its presence, the responsewas required to ea ...
... presence and absence of the stimulus, thus preventing the stimulus from signaling the occurrence of the outcome. However, the stimulus was arranged to signal a change in the R-O relation: in the absence of the stimulus, the outcome occurred freely, but in its presence, the responsewas required to ea ...
Reflex Facilitation During Eyeblink Conditioning and Subsequent
... the responses when they were most naive. Experience has shown that in our setting, 60 paired trials are usually not enough for the development of a CR. Therefore, by the last trial in the first session, the URs should not yet be influenced by a learned sensorimotor response. For the statistical anal ...
... the responses when they were most naive. Experience has shown that in our setting, 60 paired trials are usually not enough for the development of a CR. Therefore, by the last trial in the first session, the URs should not yet be influenced by a learned sensorimotor response. For the statistical anal ...
Did That Brownie Do Its Job? Stress, Eating, and the
... cascade of hormonal secretions via the HPA axis. This begins with the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus, which stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary gland. ACTH then circulates through the bloodstream to the adre ...
... cascade of hormonal secretions via the HPA axis. This begins with the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus, which stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary gland. ACTH then circulates through the bloodstream to the adre ...
c. operant conditioning.
... APA Goal: Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology 15. A space-time anomaly strands several early psychologists in the 21st century. With no way back, the psychologists attempt to continue their work in the present day. Watson proposes a “Little Albert” study to a contemporary research ethics committee. ...
... APA Goal: Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology 15. A space-time anomaly strands several early psychologists in the 21st century. With no way back, the psychologists attempt to continue their work in the present day. Watson proposes a “Little Albert” study to a contemporary research ethics committee. ...
Counterconditioning of an Overshadowed Cue Attenuates
... protected from overshadowing. Two further experiments by Oberling et al. revealed parallel failures to demonstrate the relative stimulus validity effect and the degraded contingency effect when cues of high, but not low, intensity were used. Moreover, Miller and Matute (1996) found that blocking is ...
... protected from overshadowing. Two further experiments by Oberling et al. revealed parallel failures to demonstrate the relative stimulus validity effect and the degraded contingency effect when cues of high, but not low, intensity were used. Moreover, Miller and Matute (1996) found that blocking is ...
Astrology and Meaningfulness:
... research methods from a purely behaviorist approach to a cognitive, and even existential, humanistic perspective; nonetheless, the natural scientific paradigm remains predominant in application to psychological research. Such an approach is concerned with the cause-and-effect (or stimulus–response) ...
... research methods from a purely behaviorist approach to a cognitive, and even existential, humanistic perspective; nonetheless, the natural scientific paradigm remains predominant in application to psychological research. Such an approach is concerned with the cause-and-effect (or stimulus–response) ...
A Hierarchical Instrumental Decision Theory of Nicotine Dependence
... function underpinning tobacco-seeking and self-administration across the extent of a drug user’s drug-taking history. The core proposition is that individuals come in contact with the instrumental contingency between the tobacco-seeking response and the nicotine outcome, and hence propositional exp ...
... function underpinning tobacco-seeking and self-administration across the extent of a drug user’s drug-taking history. The core proposition is that individuals come in contact with the instrumental contingency between the tobacco-seeking response and the nicotine outcome, and hence propositional exp ...
APPROACHES TO PSYCHOLOGY
... Studies people’s mental processes in an effort to understand how humans gain knowledge about the world around them Cognito = Latin for “knowledge” How we learn, form concepts, solve problems, make decisions, use language ...
... Studies people’s mental processes in an effort to understand how humans gain knowledge about the world around them Cognito = Latin for “knowledge” How we learn, form concepts, solve problems, make decisions, use language ...
Extinction, spontaneous recovery and reinstatement in the garden
... mechanisms involved in these processes (e.g. Bouton, 2004; Myers & Davis, 2002) and the neural and molecular substrates that may underlie extinction (e.g. Myers & Davis, 2002; Todd et al., 2014). However, there is another equally interesting aspect of extinction that does not receive as much attenti ...
... mechanisms involved in these processes (e.g. Bouton, 2004; Myers & Davis, 2002) and the neural and molecular substrates that may underlie extinction (e.g. Myers & Davis, 2002; Todd et al., 2014). However, there is another equally interesting aspect of extinction that does not receive as much attenti ...
31 within-subject testing of the signaled
... rats were reasonably stable and did not vary by more than five responses per minute over these sessions for any rat. In all phases, a greater number of responses typically occurred in the unsignaled component than in the signaled component for all rats. Response rates to the nonoperative lever were ...
... rats were reasonably stable and did not vary by more than five responses per minute over these sessions for any rat. In all phases, a greater number of responses typically occurred in the unsignaled component than in the signaled component for all rats. Response rates to the nonoperative lever were ...
memory and learning
... early 20th-century as another school of thought known as behaviorism rose to dominance. ...
... early 20th-century as another school of thought known as behaviorism rose to dominance. ...
Creativity and Positive Affect: Is High Creativity Dependent on an
... Hypomania is a phase of bipolar type J[ disor restlessness, and racing thoughts; these are ju during a hypomanic episode (American Psyc of elevated mood and high energy would agro et al. (2005) and Isen et al. (1987) that found ...
... Hypomania is a phase of bipolar type J[ disor restlessness, and racing thoughts; these are ju during a hypomanic episode (American Psyc of elevated mood and high energy would agro et al. (2005) and Isen et al. (1987) that found ...
A.P. Psychology 6 (B) - What Ever Happened to Little Albert
... What was the relationship of the Albert experiment to the rest of Watson's work? On a personal level, this work was the final published project of Watson's academic career, although he supervised a subsequent, related study of the deconditioning of young children's fears (M. C. Jones, 1924a, 1924b). ...
... What was the relationship of the Albert experiment to the rest of Watson's work? On a personal level, this work was the final published project of Watson's academic career, although he supervised a subsequent, related study of the deconditioning of young children's fears (M. C. Jones, 1924a, 1924b). ...
3 Pavlovian conditioning - s-f
... young man his favourite author was Herbert Spencer, who also used these terms frequently, but the experimental facts of discrimination learning, no less now than then, require some roughly similar theoretical attempt to account for attention and pattern recognition (Sutherland and Mackintosh, 1971; ...
... young man his favourite author was Herbert Spencer, who also used these terms frequently, but the experimental facts of discrimination learning, no less now than then, require some roughly similar theoretical attempt to account for attention and pattern recognition (Sutherland and Mackintosh, 1971; ...
external stimulus initially "goaded" the ani
... the well-known box, and his device for simultaneously recording and displaying response rate in real time, the cumulative recorder. In essence the chamber was a flexible puzzle box that allowed no escape and provided repeated exposures to the puzzle. As a device capable of simulating purposive behav ...
... the well-known box, and his device for simultaneously recording and displaying response rate in real time, the cumulative recorder. In essence the chamber was a flexible puzzle box that allowed no escape and provided repeated exposures to the puzzle. As a device capable of simulating purposive behav ...
sensory feedback mechanisms in performance control
... Conditioned bonds will be represented by a pair of letters separated by a dashed line, the first designating a conditioned stimulus, the second a conditioned response. Although some theorists confine the stimulus and response categories to sensory and motor events, respectively, others allow sensory ...
... Conditioned bonds will be represented by a pair of letters separated by a dashed line, the first designating a conditioned stimulus, the second a conditioned response. Although some theorists confine the stimulus and response categories to sensory and motor events, respectively, others allow sensory ...
Spontaneous recovery varies inversely with the training–extinction
... of Experiment 1. Prior to and throughout extinction, S1 and S2 showed highly similar levels of performance. However, on the initial trial of the test sessions, there was greater responding to the stimulus trained more proximally to extinction (S2). This difference was reliable on both the first [T(1 ...
... of Experiment 1. Prior to and throughout extinction, S1 and S2 showed highly similar levels of performance. However, on the initial trial of the test sessions, there was greater responding to the stimulus trained more proximally to extinction (S2). This difference was reliable on both the first [T(1 ...
Psychology and Life Richard J. Gerrig Twentieth Edition Psychology
... how classically conditioned responses appear and disappear. In this section, we consider several important conclusions researchers have reached about the basic processes of classical conditioning. These conclusions have emerged from hundreds of different studies across a wide range of animal species ...
... how classically conditioned responses appear and disappear. In this section, we consider several important conclusions researchers have reached about the basic processes of classical conditioning. These conclusions have emerged from hundreds of different studies across a wide range of animal species ...
Personality and Conditioning
... (1977) also argued that conscience is a set of conditioned reflexes and therefore predicted that extraverted individuals will have weaker consciences than introverted individuals. In fact, Eysenck explains many of the behavioral differences between introverted and extraverted people as resulting dir ...
... (1977) also argued that conscience is a set of conditioned reflexes and therefore predicted that extraverted individuals will have weaker consciences than introverted individuals. In fact, Eysenck explains many of the behavioral differences between introverted and extraverted people as resulting dir ...
Reversal from blocking in humans as a result of posttraining
... in Spanish for Experiments 1 and 2 and in English for Experiment 3. All panels show the exit door to the right, the refuge to the left, the control panel in the middle of the room, the light panels where the CSs were presented on the walls, the figure that the participants moved with the cursor keys ...
... in Spanish for Experiments 1 and 2 and in English for Experiment 3. All panels show the exit door to the right, the refuge to the left, the control panel in the middle of the room, the light panels where the CSs were presented on the walls, the figure that the participants moved with the cursor keys ...