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EXP 4
EXP 4

... above. The frequency response could be altered or adjusted by simply setting the value of the transconductance g m . Since g m is proportional to the bias current I ABC the cut-off frequency will vary according to the value of the bias current. Note that gm is same for both OTAs because the same vol ...
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... indicated in Figure -5. STEP 5: Power up the board and move the ENA jumper to the enabled position. The EN53x4QI is now powered up and generating the desired output. You are free to make Efficiency, Ripple, Line/Load Regulation, Load transient, Power OK, over current limit and temperature related me ...
香港考試局
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... The above figure shows a half-wave rectifier with a smoothing circuit. The time constant of C and R should be A. large compared with the time of one cycle. B. equal to the time of one cycle. C. equal to half the time of one cycle. D. small compared with the time of one cycle. ...
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... degrade device reliability. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those specified is not implied. If the input signal can exceed 3.6 V, then a resistor greater than or equal to 25 Ω should be added in series with each of the ana ...
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... maintain the amplifier’s accuracy and stability. 5) Bear in mind that, in general, surface-mount components have shorter bodies and lower parasitic reactance, resulting in greatly improved high-frequency performance over through-hole components. The bypass capacitors should include 1nF and 0.1µF cer ...
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... number of cycles before alarm settable from 2 to 10 Adaptive: manual launch or by alarm, adjustable from 512 samples/cycle over 8 seconds to 16 samples/cycle over 264 seconds, capture takes place during a set duration or as long as an alarm is active (to save memory), number of cycles before alarm s ...
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Analog-to-digital converter



An analog-to-digital converter (ADC, A/D, or A to D) is a device that converts a continuous physical quantity (usually voltage) to a digital number that represents the quantity's amplitude.The conversion involves quantization of the input, so it necessarily introduces a small amount of error. Furthermore, instead of continuously performing the conversion, an ADC does the conversion periodically, sampling the input. The result is a sequence of digital values that have been converted from a continuous-time and continuous-amplitude analog signal to a discrete-time and discrete-amplitude digital signal.An ADC is defined by its bandwidth (the range of frequencies it can measure) and its signal to noise ratio (how accurately it can measure a signal relative to the noise it introduces). The actual bandwidth of an ADC is characterized primarily by its sampling rate, and to a lesser extent by how it handles errors such as aliasing. The dynamic range of an ADC is influenced by many factors, including the resolution (the number of output levels it can quantize a signal to), linearity and accuracy (how well the quantization levels match the true analog signal) and jitter (small timing errors that introduce additional noise). The dynamic range of an ADC is often summarized in terms of its effective number of bits (ENOB), the number of bits of each measure it returns that are on average not noise. An ideal ADC has an ENOB equal to its resolution. ADCs are chosen to match the bandwidth and required signal to noise ratio of the signal to be quantized. If an ADC operates at a sampling rate greater than twice the bandwidth of the signal, then perfect reconstruction is possible given an ideal ADC and neglecting quantization error. The presence of quantization error limits the dynamic range of even an ideal ADC, however, if the dynamic range of the ADC exceeds that of the input signal, its effects may be neglected resulting in an essentially perfect digital representation of the input signal.An ADC may also provide an isolated measurement such as an electronic device that converts an input analog voltage or current to a digital number proportional to the magnitude of the voltage or current. However, some non-electronic or only partially electronic devices, such as rotary encoders, can also be considered ADCs. The digital output may use different coding schemes. Typically the digital output will be a two's complement binary number that is proportional to the input, but there are other possibilities. An encoder, for example, might output a Gray code.The inverse operation is performed by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC).
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