Diabetes Mellitus Case Study
... A 2008 study completed in the U.S. found that the number of American women entering pregnancy with preexisting diabetes is increasing. In fact the rate of diabetes in expectant mothers has more than doubled in the past 6 years.[7] This is particularly problematic as diabetes raises the risk of comp ...
... A 2008 study completed in the U.S. found that the number of American women entering pregnancy with preexisting diabetes is increasing. In fact the rate of diabetes in expectant mothers has more than doubled in the past 6 years.[7] This is particularly problematic as diabetes raises the risk of comp ...
Review Synthèse
... L in DKA and 7–12 L in HHS (Table 1), which represents a loss of about 10%–15% of body weight. The osmotic diuresis is associated with large losses of electrolytes in the urine. The sodium chloride deficit in DKA and HHS is usually 5–13 mmol/kg of body weight for sodium and 3–7 mmol/kg for chloride1 ...
... L in DKA and 7–12 L in HHS (Table 1), which represents a loss of about 10%–15% of body weight. The osmotic diuresis is associated with large losses of electrolytes in the urine. The sodium chloride deficit in DKA and HHS is usually 5–13 mmol/kg of body weight for sodium and 3–7 mmol/kg for chloride1 ...
T Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Infants, Children, and Adolescents
... (DKA). The fundamental pathophysiology of this potentially life-threatening complication is the same as in adults. However, the child differs from the adult in a number of characteristics. 1) The younger the child, the more difficult it is to obtain the classical history of polyuria, polydipsia, and ...
... (DKA). The fundamental pathophysiology of this potentially life-threatening complication is the same as in adults. However, the child differs from the adult in a number of characteristics. 1) The younger the child, the more difficult it is to obtain the classical history of polyuria, polydipsia, and ...
humulin® r - Eli Lilly
... predisposed to hypoglycemia (e.g., the pediatric population and patients who fast or have erratic food intake). The patient’s ability to concentrate and react may be impaired as a result of hypoglycemia. This may present a risk in situations where these abilities are especially important, such as dr ...
... predisposed to hypoglycemia (e.g., the pediatric population and patients who fast or have erratic food intake). The patient’s ability to concentrate and react may be impaired as a result of hypoglycemia. This may present a risk in situations where these abilities are especially important, such as dr ...
An Overview of Hypoglycemia
... Reactive hypoglycemia occurs within 4 hours after a meal is consumed, with diagnosis based on documentation of Whipple’s triad.1,3 Several causes have been proposed but are unsubstantiated, including excessive release of insulin following high sugar intake, enhanced sensitivity to the normal secreti ...
... Reactive hypoglycemia occurs within 4 hours after a meal is consumed, with diagnosis based on documentation of Whipple’s triad.1,3 Several causes have been proposed but are unsubstantiated, including excessive release of insulin following high sugar intake, enhanced sensitivity to the normal secreti ...
a practical guide to integrated type 2 diabetes care
... Screening for undiagnosed or new (gestational) diabetes in pregnancy Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as the onset or first recognition of glucose intolerance during pregnancy. GDM is associated with increased risks for mother and baby during pregnancy and longer term risk of diabetes ...
... Screening for undiagnosed or new (gestational) diabetes in pregnancy Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as the onset or first recognition of glucose intolerance during pregnancy. GDM is associated with increased risks for mother and baby during pregnancy and longer term risk of diabetes ...
Diabetes and Driving - Diabetes Care
... nature of their condition, the symptoms they experience, and the measures they take to manage their diabetes, it is important that identification and evaluation processes be appropriate, individualized, and based not solely on a diagnosis of diabetes but rather on concrete evidence of actual risk. La ...
... nature of their condition, the symptoms they experience, and the measures they take to manage their diabetes, it is important that identification and evaluation processes be appropriate, individualized, and based not solely on a diagnosis of diabetes but rather on concrete evidence of actual risk. La ...
full text pdf
... Although these medications represent options for patients with allergy to human insulin [11], they have also been known to provoke hypersensitivity reactions including type 1 allergy in clinical practice [12-15]. Patients suspected of insulin hypersensitivity should be evaluated by an allergologist ...
... Although these medications represent options for patients with allergy to human insulin [11], they have also been known to provoke hypersensitivity reactions including type 1 allergy in clinical practice [12-15]. Patients suspected of insulin hypersensitivity should be evaluated by an allergologist ...
Management of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes in children
... diabetes in monozygotic vs. dizygotic twins with CF (33), an increased prevalence of CFRD in individuals with a family history of type 2 diabetes (34), and an association with type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci (34, 35). There is also a relation between CFRD and genes associated with inflammation s ...
... diabetes in monozygotic vs. dizygotic twins with CF (33), an increased prevalence of CFRD in individuals with a family history of type 2 diabetes (34), and an association with type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci (34, 35). There is also a relation between CFRD and genes associated with inflammation s ...
Diabetic ketoacidosis - Cisco Regional Networking Academy
... increased rates and severity of obesity, in some centers now accounts for as much as one half of newly diagnosed diabetes in children aged 10–21 yr, depending on the socioeconomic and ethnic composition of the population (7). Acute decompensation with DKA has been recognized to occur at the time of ...
... increased rates and severity of obesity, in some centers now accounts for as much as one half of newly diagnosed diabetes in children aged 10–21 yr, depending on the socioeconomic and ethnic composition of the population (7). Acute decompensation with DKA has been recognized to occur at the time of ...
Diapositiva 1
... Figure 2— Protocol for the management of adult patients with DKA. *DKA diagnostic criteria: serum glucose >250 mg/dl, arterial pH <7.3, serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/l, and moderate ketonuria or ketonemia. Normal laboratory values vary; check local lab normal ranges for all electrolytes. †After history ...
... Figure 2— Protocol for the management of adult patients with DKA. *DKA diagnostic criteria: serum glucose >250 mg/dl, arterial pH <7.3, serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/l, and moderate ketonuria or ketonemia. Normal laboratory values vary; check local lab normal ranges for all electrolytes. †After history ...
Screening for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adults: U.S. Preventive
... Blood pressure targets should be lower for persons who have type 2 diabetes mellitus than for those who do not. Lower blood pressure targets for persons with diabetes and high blood pressure reduce CVD events compared with higher targets. Attention to other risk factors for CVD, such as physical ina ...
... Blood pressure targets should be lower for persons who have type 2 diabetes mellitus than for those who do not. Lower blood pressure targets for persons with diabetes and high blood pressure reduce CVD events compared with higher targets. Attention to other risk factors for CVD, such as physical ina ...
Diabetes Epidemic in India-- A Comprehensive Review of Clinical
... the plasma insulin levels are low and patient respond to exogenous insulin therapy. The onset of symptoms is generally abrupt with polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. The patients are not obese but have generally progressive loss of weight. These patients are prone to develop metabolic complicatio ...
... the plasma insulin levels are low and patient respond to exogenous insulin therapy. The onset of symptoms is generally abrupt with polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. The patients are not obese but have generally progressive loss of weight. These patients are prone to develop metabolic complicatio ...
PharmII Block III Handouts
... B. Disorders of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Growth Hormone Axis Features of Growth Hormone Deficiency 1. In Children, results in short stature and adiposity, hypoglycemia. This is most commonly due to a deficiency of GHRH. 2. In Adults: This results in o Changes in body composition: increased generalized ...
... B. Disorders of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Growth Hormone Axis Features of Growth Hormone Deficiency 1. In Children, results in short stature and adiposity, hypoglycemia. This is most commonly due to a deficiency of GHRH. 2. In Adults: This results in o Changes in body composition: increased generalized ...
Care of Children Under 18 with Diabetes Mellitus undergoing surgery
... Children with diabetes mellitus are at risk of blood glucose (BG) alterations when undergoing surgery. This risk results from a change in routine, change in or lack of perioperative insulin, physical and emotional stress related to the surgical procedure, surroundings, parental anxiety, and surgical ...
... Children with diabetes mellitus are at risk of blood glucose (BG) alterations when undergoing surgery. This risk results from a change in routine, change in or lack of perioperative insulin, physical and emotional stress related to the surgical procedure, surroundings, parental anxiety, and surgical ...
insulin and glucagon responses in the hibernating black bear
... suggests that in early hibernation, the levels of the antagonistichormones are reduced or the responses of these hormones to stimulation are suppressed, suggesting hypothalamic hypofunction. The rise in plasma glucagon after insulin administrationwas prolongedduring hibernation, perhapsin response t ...
... suggests that in early hibernation, the levels of the antagonistichormones are reduced or the responses of these hormones to stimulation are suppressed, suggesting hypothalamic hypofunction. The rise in plasma glucagon after insulin administrationwas prolongedduring hibernation, perhapsin response t ...
Written Communication & SOAP Notes
... Smoking, caffeine, stress and poor diet increase BP and risk of CV disease. Lifestyle modifications and smoking cessation will help to reduce BP. Use of OTC NSAIDs, decongestants contribute to HTN, pt should d/c or limit these medications. (P): 1. D/C HCTZ 25 mg. Start enalapril/HCTZ 10/25 1 tab PO ...
... Smoking, caffeine, stress and poor diet increase BP and risk of CV disease. Lifestyle modifications and smoking cessation will help to reduce BP. Use of OTC NSAIDs, decongestants contribute to HTN, pt should d/c or limit these medications. (P): 1. D/C HCTZ 25 mg. Start enalapril/HCTZ 10/25 1 tab PO ...
Diabetes - Nurses Learning Network
... glucose does not spill over into the urine until the blood sugar is extremely high. The regulation of glucose is closely regulated in normal individuals. In healthy people, the secretion of insulin and the amount of glucose are closely coordinated. The amount of glucose released by the liver is dire ...
... glucose does not spill over into the urine until the blood sugar is extremely high. The regulation of glucose is closely regulated in normal individuals. In healthy people, the secretion of insulin and the amount of glucose are closely coordinated. The amount of glucose released by the liver is dire ...
Hyperglycemic Crises in Adult Patients With Diabetes
... with HHS have an admission pH ⬎7.30 and a bicarbonate level ⬎18 mEq/l, mild ketonemia may be present (4,10). Severe hyperglycemia and dehydration with altered mental status in the absence of significant acidosis characterize HHS, which clinically presents with less ketosis and greater hyperglycemia ...
... with HHS have an admission pH ⬎7.30 and a bicarbonate level ⬎18 mEq/l, mild ketonemia may be present (4,10). Severe hyperglycemia and dehydration with altered mental status in the absence of significant acidosis characterize HHS, which clinically presents with less ketosis and greater hyperglycemia ...
Hypoglycaemia - Low Blood Glucose level What`s covered in these
... Differences between men and women Women have been shown to have significant reductions in the critical counterregulatory hormones, glucagon and epinephrine, together with blunted rates of endogenous glucose production, compared to men. When fasting, women's blood glucose levels fall lower than men. ...
... Differences between men and women Women have been shown to have significant reductions in the critical counterregulatory hormones, glucagon and epinephrine, together with blunted rates of endogenous glucose production, compared to men. When fasting, women's blood glucose levels fall lower than men. ...
Glucose Metabolism Rather Than Insulin Is a Main Determinant of
... has been shown to inhibit leptin secretion (14 –16), whereas glucocorticoids, e.g. dexamethasone, have been shown to stimulate leptin secretion in humans (17–19). However, compared to the euglycemic clamps, the increase in leptin levels during the hypoglycemic clamps was already blunted after 120 mi ...
... has been shown to inhibit leptin secretion (14 –16), whereas glucocorticoids, e.g. dexamethasone, have been shown to stimulate leptin secretion in humans (17–19). However, compared to the euglycemic clamps, the increase in leptin levels during the hypoglycemic clamps was already blunted after 120 mi ...
Insulin Resistance of Protein Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes
... meals that cause hyperaminoacidemia and hyperglycemia. With this method, we found increased protein synthesis in lean men (20), a blunted response in obese women (21), and less net protein accretion in healthy women compared with men (22). The hypotheses of the present study are that type 2 diabetes ...
... meals that cause hyperaminoacidemia and hyperglycemia. With this method, we found increased protein synthesis in lean men (20), a blunted response in obese women (21), and less net protein accretion in healthy women compared with men (22). The hypotheses of the present study are that type 2 diabetes ...
Exon 6 and 2 Peroxisome Proliferator
... OLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS) is a widespread endocrine-metabolic disorder characterized by obesity, hyperandrogenism, and insulin resistance (1). Although it primarily affects fertility, PCOS is a plurimetabolic syndrome (2). Obesity, which is a complex metabolic disorder with a strong genetic co ...
... OLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS) is a widespread endocrine-metabolic disorder characterized by obesity, hyperandrogenism, and insulin resistance (1). Although it primarily affects fertility, PCOS is a plurimetabolic syndrome (2). Obesity, which is a complex metabolic disorder with a strong genetic co ...
Jackie T.
... and all the recommendations involving clinical medicine are based on evidence that is accepted within the profession; and all scientific research referred to, reported, or used in the CME/CPD activity in support or justification of patient care recommendations conforms to the generally accepted stan ...
... and all the recommendations involving clinical medicine are based on evidence that is accepted within the profession; and all scientific research referred to, reported, or used in the CME/CPD activity in support or justification of patient care recommendations conforms to the generally accepted stan ...
Gestational diabetes
Gestational diabetes (or gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM) is a condition in which women without previously diagnosed diabetes exhibit high blood glucose (blood sugar) levels during pregnancy (especially during their third trimester). Gestational diabetes is caused when insulin receptors do not function properly. This is likely due to pregnancy-related factors such as the presence of human placental lactogen that interferes with susceptible insulin receptors. This in turn causes inappropriately elevated blood sugar levels.Gestational diabetes generally has few symptoms and it is most commonly diagnosed by screening during pregnancy. Diagnostic tests detect inappropriately high levels of glucose in blood samples. Gestational diabetes affects 3-10% of pregnancies, depending on the population studied.As with diabetes mellitus in pregnancy in general, babies born to mothers with untreated gestational diabetes are typically at increased risk of problems such as being large for gestational age (which may lead to delivery complications), low blood sugar, and jaundice. If untreated, it can also cause seizures or stillbirth. Gestational diabetes is a treatable condition and women who have adequate control of glucose levels can effectively decrease these risks. The food plan is often the first recommended target for strategic management of GDM.Women with unmanaged gestational diabetes are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (or, very rarely, latent autoimmune diabetes or Type 1) after pregnancy, as well as having a higher incidence of pre-eclampsia and Caesarean section; their offspring are prone to developing childhood obesity, with type 2 diabetes later in life. Most women are able to manage their blood glucose levels with a modified diet and the introduction of moderate exercise, but some require antidiabetic drugs, including insulin.