Igneous Rock
... 68 and 64 million years ago, a hot spot under western India erupted over 1 million km3 of basaltic lava. These lava flows, called the Deccan Traps, are more than 2 km thick in some places. Mathematicians calculate that if the lava from the eruptions in western India were spread evenly over the entir ...
... 68 and 64 million years ago, a hot spot under western India erupted over 1 million km3 of basaltic lava. These lava flows, called the Deccan Traps, are more than 2 km thick in some places. Mathematicians calculate that if the lava from the eruptions in western India were spread evenly over the entir ...
Magmas and Igneous Rocks
... compositions, addition of this melt to the magma will make it more siliceous. Mixing - If two magmas with different compositions happen to come in contact with one another, they could mix together. The mixed magma will have a composition somewhere between that of the original two magma compositions. ...
... compositions, addition of this melt to the magma will make it more siliceous. Mixing - If two magmas with different compositions happen to come in contact with one another, they could mix together. The mixed magma will have a composition somewhere between that of the original two magma compositions. ...
Gabbro Igneous rock containing coarse, iron
... arbitrary division between layered and unlayered gabbro complexes. The lower part of this mass has the average composition of an olivine gabbro but is strongly banded. The upper portion is a comparatively homogeneous feldspathic gabbro, not sharply banded. Although gabbro forms in diverse tectonic s ...
... arbitrary division between layered and unlayered gabbro complexes. The lower part of this mass has the average composition of an olivine gabbro but is strongly banded. The upper portion is a comparatively homogeneous feldspathic gabbro, not sharply banded. Although gabbro forms in diverse tectonic s ...
Igneous rocks
... – Pegmatites are veins of extremely large-grained minerals. – Ores of rare elements, such as lithium and beryllium, are found in pegmatites. – Because these veins fill cavities and fractures in rock, minerals grow into voids and retain their shapes. ...
... – Pegmatites are veins of extremely large-grained minerals. – Ores of rare elements, such as lithium and beryllium, are found in pegmatites. – Because these veins fill cavities and fractures in rock, minerals grow into voids and retain their shapes. ...
Powerpoint Presentation Physical Geology, 10/e
... Pegmatitic– extremely coarse–grained (most crystals >5 cm), formed when magma cools very slowly at depth ...
... Pegmatitic– extremely coarse–grained (most crystals >5 cm), formed when magma cools very slowly at depth ...
Bulk chemical analysis of rock samples: major elements
... (e.g. basalts), because MgO decreases considerably as these basalts differentiate. On the other hand, SiO2 shows little change among the different types of basalts, making this oxide unsuitable for monitoring their differentiation (Fig. 6). The total alkali - silica diagram: This plot, which is usef ...
... (e.g. basalts), because MgO decreases considerably as these basalts differentiate. On the other hand, SiO2 shows little change among the different types of basalts, making this oxide unsuitable for monitoring their differentiation (Fig. 6). The total alkali - silica diagram: This plot, which is usef ...
Melting and Crystallisation
... Basalt, dolerite and gabbro are the three mafic igneous rocks in your syllabus. They are all dark coloured, and their mineral composition is the same. However, the textures of the three rocks are different. Gabbro is coarse-grained, dolerite is medium-grained and basalt is fine-grained. The differe ...
... Basalt, dolerite and gabbro are the three mafic igneous rocks in your syllabus. They are all dark coloured, and their mineral composition is the same. However, the textures of the three rocks are different. Gabbro is coarse-grained, dolerite is medium-grained and basalt is fine-grained. The differe ...
Igneous rocks
... that they cut across other rock formations. • These cross-cutting relationships are evidence that the granite was intruded, or forced into, existing rocks. Magma cools slowly beneath Earth’s surface and forms course-grained igneous rocks such as granite. ...
... that they cut across other rock formations. • These cross-cutting relationships are evidence that the granite was intruded, or forced into, existing rocks. Magma cools slowly beneath Earth’s surface and forms course-grained igneous rocks such as granite. ...
Chapter 4: Igneous Rocks: Product of Earth`s Internal Fire
... Coarse-grained igneous rock is called a phanerite (from the Greek word meaning visible). Igneous rock that contains unusually large mineral grains (2cm or larger) is called a pegmatite. Fine-grained igneous rock is called an aphanite (from the ...
... Coarse-grained igneous rock is called a phanerite (from the Greek word meaning visible). Igneous rock that contains unusually large mineral grains (2cm or larger) is called a pegmatite. Fine-grained igneous rock is called an aphanite (from the ...
MAGMA COMPOSITION - THE DETERMINING FACTORS
... the formation of iron-phosphorus or carbonate rich magmas. II. Magma Mixing- on occasion, magmas of different composition can mix in a conduit or inside a magma chamber. Mixing may be retarded by immiscibility. Thought to have occurred in the Tuolumne Intrusive Series, Yosemite National Park and els ...
... the formation of iron-phosphorus or carbonate rich magmas. II. Magma Mixing- on occasion, magmas of different composition can mix in a conduit or inside a magma chamber. Mixing may be retarded by immiscibility. Thought to have occurred in the Tuolumne Intrusive Series, Yosemite National Park and els ...
The Origins of Magma PowerPoint
... Observe these settings where large magma chambers form, and propose causes of melting for each site ...
... Observe these settings where large magma chambers form, and propose causes of melting for each site ...
Igneous Rocks, Intrusive Activity, and the Origin of Igneous Rocks
... Instructor Resources Instructor Online Learning Centre The OLC at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer includes a password-protected Web site for Instructors. The site offers downloadable supplements and access to PageOut, the McGraw-Hill Ryerson Web site development centre. Instructor’s Manual – The I ...
... Instructor Resources Instructor Online Learning Centre The OLC at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer includes a password-protected Web site for Instructors. The site offers downloadable supplements and access to PageOut, the McGraw-Hill Ryerson Web site development centre. Instructor’s Manual – The I ...
Homework of 9/19
... Coarse-grained igneous rock is called a phanerite (from the Greek word meaning visible). Igneous rock that contains unusually large mineral grains (2cm or larger) is called a pegmatite. Fine-grained igneous rock is called an aphanite (from the ...
... Coarse-grained igneous rock is called a phanerite (from the Greek word meaning visible). Igneous rock that contains unusually large mineral grains (2cm or larger) is called a pegmatite. Fine-grained igneous rock is called an aphanite (from the ...
SECTION 2 Igneous Rock
... Because extrusive rock cools quickly, it contains very small crystals or no crystals. When lava erupts from a volcano, it forms a lava flow. Lava flows can cover the land and bury objects on the Earth’s surface. Sometimes, lava erupts and flows along long cracks in Earth’s crust called fissures. Man ...
... Because extrusive rock cools quickly, it contains very small crystals or no crystals. When lava erupts from a volcano, it forms a lava flow. Lava flows can cover the land and bury objects on the Earth’s surface. Sometimes, lava erupts and flows along long cracks in Earth’s crust called fissures. Man ...
Benom Complex: Evidence of magmatic origin
... The main controversy is either the rocks in this area represent a migmatite complex or are the product of igneous differentiation. The earliest report of this area was by Scrivenor (1931) who noted the occurrence of hornblendebearing igneous rocks. Richardson (1939) made the first detailed study map ...
... The main controversy is either the rocks in this area represent a migmatite complex or are the product of igneous differentiation. The earliest report of this area was by Scrivenor (1931) who noted the occurrence of hornblendebearing igneous rocks. Richardson (1939) made the first detailed study map ...
Igneous Rock Classification.
... slightly larger olivine crystals [green arrows], and probably has pyroxene as the other mineral. In the right sample, the purple arrows point to amygdules, which are minerals precipitated in once-empty vesicles. Given that they may have formed well after the lava cooled, and be unrelated to it, they ...
... slightly larger olivine crystals [green arrows], and probably has pyroxene as the other mineral. In the right sample, the purple arrows point to amygdules, which are minerals precipitated in once-empty vesicles. Given that they may have formed well after the lava cooled, and be unrelated to it, they ...
The Earth`s Interior
... Continental flood basalts (CFBs) Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) Oceanic plateaus Some rifts Continental flood basalts (CFBs) ...
... Continental flood basalts (CFBs) Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) Oceanic plateaus Some rifts Continental flood basalts (CFBs) ...
12.710 – Problem Set 4 solutions 1. What is “the geothermal
... A possible scenario: Layers B (a limestone), A (layered mudstone or sandstone), D (shale), and C (finely-layered limestone) were deposited in a sedimentary basin as water levels changed over time. A volcanic eruption produced the flow Lava1 over Layer C, and either the same or another volcanic event ...
... A possible scenario: Layers B (a limestone), A (layered mudstone or sandstone), D (shale), and C (finely-layered limestone) were deposited in a sedimentary basin as water levels changed over time. A volcanic eruption produced the flow Lava1 over Layer C, and either the same or another volcanic event ...
Aim: What are igneous rocks?
... Classify the following rocks as either: extrusive or intrusive mafic or felsic a ...
... Classify the following rocks as either: extrusive or intrusive mafic or felsic a ...
Hot Spots or Extension? - Department of Geology
... – Both have been used as explanations for the presence of volcanics. In some cases, actual evidence exists, in others not. Both produce “OIB”s, so the presence of OIBs is ambivalent. The two are interrelated – hot spots beget triple junctions and extension, but not all extension is due to hot spots. ...
... – Both have been used as explanations for the presence of volcanics. In some cases, actual evidence exists, in others not. Both produce “OIB”s, so the presence of OIBs is ambivalent. The two are interrelated – hot spots beget triple junctions and extension, but not all extension is due to hot spots. ...
Mackenzie Large Igneous Province
The Mackenzie Large Igneous Province (MLIP) is a major Mesoproterozoic large igneous province of the southwestern, western and northwestern Canadian Shield in Canada. It consists of a group of related igneous rocks that were formed during a massive igneous event starting about 1,270 million years ago. The large igneous province extends from the Arctic in Nunavut to near the Great Lakes in Northwestern Ontario where it meets with the smaller Matachewan dike swarm. Included in the Mackenzie Large Igneous Province are the large Muskox layered intrusion, the Coppermine River flood basalt sequence and the massive northwesterly trending Mackenzie dike swarm.As a large igneous province, it is an extremely large area of related igneous rocks that were emplaced over an extremely short geological time span. The igneous rocks comprising the Mackenzie Large Igneous Province originated from processes not associated with normal plate tectonics and seafloor spreading. It is one of the several large igneous provinces scattered throughout the Canadian landscape, which can be thousands of kilometres in volume and area. The Mackenzie Large Igneous Province is also one of the largest Proterozoic magmatic provinces on Earth, as well as the world's largest and best-preserved continental flood basalt terrain. Igneous rocks of the Mackenzie Large Igneous Province are generally mafic in composition, including basalt and gabbro.Even though the Mackenzie Large Igneous Province is classified as a large igneous province like other extremely large accumulations of igneous rocks on Earth, it is much larger than large igneous province standards. The standard size classification for large igneous provinces is a minimum areal extent of 100,000 km2 (39,000 sq mi). However, the Mackenzie dike swarm itself occupies an area of at least 2,700,000 km2 (1,000,000 sq mi), making the Mackenzie Large Igneous Province larger than the Ontong Java Plateau in the southwestern Pacific Ocean and the U.S. state of Alaska.