semester 5 - St. Xavier`s College
... Learning Objectives: Gathering data about various earth surface features through space and air borne sensors has been effectively used for understanding and analyzing various phenomenon ranging from vegetation , agriculture, natural resources mapping and exploitation to environment monitoring. Remot ...
... Learning Objectives: Gathering data about various earth surface features through space and air borne sensors has been effectively used for understanding and analyzing various phenomenon ranging from vegetation , agriculture, natural resources mapping and exploitation to environment monitoring. Remot ...
Physical volcanology of continental large igneous provinces: update
... eruptions at the surface, as well as themselves representing substantial accumulations of magma in the subsurface. The vast majority of intrusive rock within the upper crust is in widespread sills, the emplacement of which may structurally isolate and dismember upper crustal strata from underlying b ...
... eruptions at the surface, as well as themselves representing substantial accumulations of magma in the subsurface. The vast majority of intrusive rock within the upper crust is in widespread sills, the emplacement of which may structurally isolate and dismember upper crustal strata from underlying b ...
SECTION 3
... Lapoliths: These are large, generally concordant bodies of plutonic rocks that have a plano-convex or lenticular shape. They differ from sills in that they are depressed in the center (Classical Greek, lopas, a basin). Cone Sheets: These are conical dykes that converge towards a central point. In pl ...
... Lapoliths: These are large, generally concordant bodies of plutonic rocks that have a plano-convex or lenticular shape. They differ from sills in that they are depressed in the center (Classical Greek, lopas, a basin). Cone Sheets: These are conical dykes that converge towards a central point. In pl ...
Alkaline rocks in the Kuboos-Bremen Igneous Province, southern
... Kuboos-Bremen Igneous Province consists of a number of discrete intrusive complexes which are located with a remarkably high degree of linearity (Fig. 1). The province extends in a north-easterly direction for at least 270 km from the western Richtersveld region of South Africa to the Great Karas Mo ...
... Kuboos-Bremen Igneous Province consists of a number of discrete intrusive complexes which are located with a remarkably high degree of linearity (Fig. 1). The province extends in a north-easterly direction for at least 270 km from the western Richtersveld region of South Africa to the Great Karas Mo ...
Magma mixing, mingling and hybridisation at different
... juxtaposition of different magmas in the liquid state and subsequent mixing, mingling and hybridisation. Here we present field evidence for these processes from three areas that differ in age and geological setting. We discuss the significance of mingling, mixing and hybridisation features in the fi ...
... juxtaposition of different magmas in the liquid state and subsequent mixing, mingling and hybridisation. Here we present field evidence for these processes from three areas that differ in age and geological setting. We discuss the significance of mingling, mixing and hybridisation features in the fi ...
Magma and Igneous Rocks
... Dikes and sills modify invaded country rock. They cause the rock to expand and inflate. They thermally alter the country rock. ...
... Dikes and sills modify invaded country rock. They cause the rock to expand and inflate. They thermally alter the country rock. ...
Did mantle plume magmatism help trigger the Great Oxidation Event?
... the Huronian Supergroup (southern Ontario) and Sumi Group (KolaKaleria), the volcanic portions of which have average thicknesses of 1200 and 2500 m, respectively (Ketchum et al., 2013; Melezhik, 2006). Based on the presently exposed areas of these two groups, a minimum quantity of lava erupted as pa ...
... the Huronian Supergroup (southern Ontario) and Sumi Group (KolaKaleria), the volcanic portions of which have average thicknesses of 1200 and 2500 m, respectively (Ketchum et al., 2013; Melezhik, 2006). Based on the presently exposed areas of these two groups, a minimum quantity of lava erupted as pa ...
Missing history (16–71 Ma) of the Gala´pagos hotspot: Implications
... found on the Beata Ridge (central Caribbean) and along the western margin of the igneous province, consistent with eastward movement of the province and lower magma production during the latter stage of the igneous event. The transition from Caribbean to (accreted) hotspot-track igneous activity coi ...
... found on the Beata Ridge (central Caribbean) and along the western margin of the igneous province, consistent with eastward movement of the province and lower magma production during the latter stage of the igneous event. The transition from Caribbean to (accreted) hotspot-track igneous activity coi ...
Igneous Petrology
... has the ability to migrate to shallower levels where it either crystallizes at depth giving rise to igneous intrusions, or erupts at the surface to form volcanic rocks. The magma occur in equilibrium. Lava: is erupted molten material that can flow on the surface of the earth. therefore lava may be c ...
... has the ability to migrate to shallower levels where it either crystallizes at depth giving rise to igneous intrusions, or erupts at the surface to form volcanic rocks. The magma occur in equilibrium. Lava: is erupted molten material that can flow on the surface of the earth. therefore lava may be c ...
Processes of Magma Evolution and Magmatic Suites
... ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) ...
... ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) ...
Volcanoes and Igneous Activity Earth
... • Formation of a Mafic Magma (basaltic) – Most originate from partial melting of ultramafic rock in the mantle – Basaltic magmas form at mid-ocean ridges by decompression melting or at subduction zones ...
... • Formation of a Mafic Magma (basaltic) – Most originate from partial melting of ultramafic rock in the mantle – Basaltic magmas form at mid-ocean ridges by decompression melting or at subduction zones ...
Cenozoic magmatism in the western Ross Embayment:
... Sr/86Sr and 4.2–6.3 for eNd. These features are shared by younger Neogene lavas. Geochemical modeling for both mafic dikes and lavas indicates an enriched magma source characterized by a residual potassic hydrous phase, thus pointing out a mantle source nearly uniform throughout 50 m.y. Comparable g ...
... Sr/86Sr and 4.2–6.3 for eNd. These features are shared by younger Neogene lavas. Geochemical modeling for both mafic dikes and lavas indicates an enriched magma source characterized by a residual potassic hydrous phase, thus pointing out a mantle source nearly uniform throughout 50 m.y. Comparable g ...
(Atlantic) volcanic rifted margin
... The western margin of southern Africa is a classic example of continental breakup associated with high heat- and magma-flux due to a mantle plume. The paired hotspot tracks of the Walvis Ridge and Rio Grande Rise are direct evidence of plume-related volcanism offshore coeval with formation of the So ...
... The western margin of southern Africa is a classic example of continental breakup associated with high heat- and magma-flux due to a mantle plume. The paired hotspot tracks of the Walvis Ridge and Rio Grande Rise are direct evidence of plume-related volcanism offshore coeval with formation of the So ...
Neogene tilting of crustal panels near Wrangell, Alaska
... The region near Wrangell, Alaska, contains plutons emplaced at intermediate (.15 km) to shallow (,5 km) crustal levels at various times during the past 100 m.y. (Fig. 1). South and west of Wrangell, Cretaceous (93–89 Ma) plutons show ;500 MPa (5 kbar) maximum pressure of emplacement as demonstrated ...
... The region near Wrangell, Alaska, contains plutons emplaced at intermediate (.15 km) to shallow (,5 km) crustal levels at various times during the past 100 m.y. (Fig. 1). South and west of Wrangell, Cretaceous (93–89 Ma) plutons show ;500 MPa (5 kbar) maximum pressure of emplacement as demonstrated ...
Igneous Rocks and their Minerals
... Cristobalite - http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~eps2/wisc/geo360/cristobalite.mov ...
... Cristobalite - http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~eps2/wisc/geo360/cristobalite.mov ...
Anorthosites Anorthosites Types of Anorthosites
... e. Plagioclase plutons coalesce to form massif anorthosite, whereas granitoid crustal melts rise to shallow levels as well. Mafic cumulates remain at depth or detach and sink into the mantle. Figure 20-2. Model for the generation of Massif -type anorthosites. From Ashwall (1993) Anorthosites. Spring ...
... e. Plagioclase plutons coalesce to form massif anorthosite, whereas granitoid crustal melts rise to shallow levels as well. Mafic cumulates remain at depth or detach and sink into the mantle. Figure 20-2. Model for the generation of Massif -type anorthosites. From Ashwall (1993) Anorthosites. Spring ...
Igneous Rocks - AC Reynolds High
... magma rich in iron and magnesium cools to around 1800°C, olivine begins to crystallize. Olivine continues to form until the temperature drops to 1557°C. At that temperature, a completely new mineral, pyroxene, begins to form. All the olivine that previously formed reacts with the magma and is conver ...
... magma rich in iron and magnesium cools to around 1800°C, olivine begins to crystallize. Olivine continues to form until the temperature drops to 1557°C. At that temperature, a completely new mineral, pyroxene, begins to form. All the olivine that previously formed reacts with the magma and is conver ...
4- Igneous Rock (Intrusive)
... pairs; the members of a pair have the same composition but different textures. Basalt and gabbro. andesite and diorite, and rhyolite and granite are compositional (mineralogical) equivalents, but basalt, andesite, and rhyolite are aphanitic and most commonly extrusive, whereas gabbro, diorite, and g ...
... pairs; the members of a pair have the same composition but different textures. Basalt and gabbro. andesite and diorite, and rhyolite and granite are compositional (mineralogical) equivalents, but basalt, andesite, and rhyolite are aphanitic and most commonly extrusive, whereas gabbro, diorite, and g ...
Harris Bay
... The ultrabasic rocks are cut by numerous intrusions of gabbro. These are clearly later than the host rock which they vein but, as their margins show no signs of chilling, they would appear to have been intruded before the surrounding rocks had cooled. Wadsworth (1961) suggested that they formed from ...
... The ultrabasic rocks are cut by numerous intrusions of gabbro. These are clearly later than the host rock which they vein but, as their margins show no signs of chilling, they would appear to have been intruded before the surrounding rocks had cooled. Wadsworth (1961) suggested that they formed from ...
Seismic Interpretation and Characterization of Igneous Rocks in Jan
... faulting occurred in East Greenland while extension of the Norwegian margin started in Late Permian to Early Triassic (Faleide et al., 2008). Late Triassic to Early Jurassic was generally tectonically quiescent in most of the basinal areas. In the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, the African and A ...
... faulting occurred in East Greenland while extension of the Norwegian margin started in Late Permian to Early Triassic (Faleide et al., 2008). Late Triassic to Early Jurassic was generally tectonically quiescent in most of the basinal areas. In the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, the African and A ...
Mackenzie Large Igneous Province
The Mackenzie Large Igneous Province (MLIP) is a major Mesoproterozoic large igneous province of the southwestern, western and northwestern Canadian Shield in Canada. It consists of a group of related igneous rocks that were formed during a massive igneous event starting about 1,270 million years ago. The large igneous province extends from the Arctic in Nunavut to near the Great Lakes in Northwestern Ontario where it meets with the smaller Matachewan dike swarm. Included in the Mackenzie Large Igneous Province are the large Muskox layered intrusion, the Coppermine River flood basalt sequence and the massive northwesterly trending Mackenzie dike swarm.As a large igneous province, it is an extremely large area of related igneous rocks that were emplaced over an extremely short geological time span. The igneous rocks comprising the Mackenzie Large Igneous Province originated from processes not associated with normal plate tectonics and seafloor spreading. It is one of the several large igneous provinces scattered throughout the Canadian landscape, which can be thousands of kilometres in volume and area. The Mackenzie Large Igneous Province is also one of the largest Proterozoic magmatic provinces on Earth, as well as the world's largest and best-preserved continental flood basalt terrain. Igneous rocks of the Mackenzie Large Igneous Province are generally mafic in composition, including basalt and gabbro.Even though the Mackenzie Large Igneous Province is classified as a large igneous province like other extremely large accumulations of igneous rocks on Earth, it is much larger than large igneous province standards. The standard size classification for large igneous provinces is a minimum areal extent of 100,000 km2 (39,000 sq mi). However, the Mackenzie dike swarm itself occupies an area of at least 2,700,000 km2 (1,000,000 sq mi), making the Mackenzie Large Igneous Province larger than the Ontong Java Plateau in the southwestern Pacific Ocean and the U.S. state of Alaska.