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No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... NPN transistor VBE  constant ...
The Science of 4-20 mA Current Loops
The Science of 4-20 mA Current Loops

... theory, the current transmitters output resistance should be infinite. Since real world transmitters are made from electronics parts and not textbooks, they have very large but not infinite output ...
Labf2003_8
Labf2003_8

... from changing the circuit’s quiescent operating point. These capacitor values are chosen so that they behave as an effective short-circuit for the AC signal components and thus that they do not significantly effect the AC signal losses. The circuit used for this lab is shown in Fig. 1, and the small ...
Presentation on
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... thin copper wire, and its resistance can change significantly when its temperature changes. – The heating effect of the coil current may be enough to produce a resistance change, which will introduce an error. – To minimize the error, a swamping resistance made of manganin or constantan is connected ...
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Series and Parallel Circuits

... this way, it would be very difficult! Imagine if your fridge and a lamp were wired in series. When one was off, the other wouldn’t work. ...
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SP8716/8/9 520MHz LOW CURRENT TWO-MODULUS DIVIDERS
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... 1. The inputs are biased internally and coupled to a signal source with suitable capacitors. 2. If no signal is present the devices will self-oscillate. If this is undesirable it may be prevented by connecting a 15k resistor from one input to pin 4 (ground). This will reduce the sensitivity. 3. The ...
Physics 4700 Experiment 1 Instrumentation and Resistor Circuits  Power supply:
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esdalc6v1w5 - STMicroelectronics
esdalc6v1w5 - STMicroelectronics

... Figure 5: Range of Tj extended to 150 °C. Figure 6: Peak forward voltage drop versus peak forward current (typical values) added. ...
The Transistor
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... Power amplification comes from transistorother components needed for transistor to work. ...
3.4 Bipolar Transistor Configurations
3.4 Bipolar Transistor Configurations

... The construction and circuit symbols for both the PNP and NPN bipolar transistor are given above with the arrow in the circuit symbol always showing the direction of "conventional current flow" between the base terminal and its emitter terminal. The direction of the arrow always points from the posi ...
Superposition and
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LM323 pdf
LM323 pdf

... specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the right ...
WCS1800
WCS1800

Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT)
Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT)

... junction where the electric field in the depletion region sweeps them across into the collector. •  Remember electrons are the minority carriers in the p material so they are swept across the depletion region. ...
Ham Radio Kit Building Class
Ham Radio Kit Building Class

... Zener diodes work like “regular” diodes except that when the reverse breakdown voltage is reached, the zener diode will allow conduction but will keep the voltage drop across it constant. Zener diodes are usually reverse-biased in circuits to take advantage of this characteristic. Zener diodes are m ...
EUP7982 300mA Low-Noise Ultra Low-Dropout CMOS Regulator with Fault Indicator
EUP7982 300mA Low-Noise Ultra Low-Dropout CMOS Regulator with Fault Indicator

... Connecting a 33nF capacitor between the CBYPASS pin and ground significantly reduces noise on the regulator output. This cap is connected directly to a high impedance node in the bandgap reference circuit. Any significant loading on this node will cause a change on the regulated output voltage. For ...
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... the meter (especially for passive meters, which do not compensate for their presence). When connecting an ammeter, we are introducing a resistance to the current measured. When using a voltmeter, we are creating another path for the current to travel. With an ammeter, we are actively supplying power ...
Solution to Exam 2
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... 1. Ideal Inverter Digital Gate The ideal Inverter model is important because it gives a metric by which we can judge the quality of actual implementation. Its VTC is shown in figure 1.1 and has the following properties: Infinite gain in the transition region, and gate threshold located in the middle ...
DM74LS09 Quad 2-Input AND Gates with Open
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10W, Dual Output Power Supply
10W, Dual Output Power Supply

... Efficiency 5V@350mA, 14V@75mA – 78% at 120Vac in; 70% at 230Vac 5V@700mA, 14V@500mA – 78% at 120Vac in; 78% at 230Vac ...
Kirchhoff`s Laws oBJEctiVE BaSic principlES
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Make an ioniser.
Make an ioniser.

... lamp lit. The speed at which the lamp flashes is thus directly proportional to the current flow. The power consumption of an ioniser like this is so low that it can be virtually considered as being zero. Remember that capacitors store charge and in this case it is at a high voltage. The circuit will ...
KFD2-CD-Ex1.32-** Current/Voltage Driver Connection Assembly
KFD2-CD-Ex1.32-** Current/Voltage Driver Connection Assembly

... This barrier is designed to provide various inputs and outputs of voltage and current: • Current input option A current limit circuit in series to terminal 9 protects the device from damage. The max. voltage drop at the input is DC 4 V, allowing for the connection of several KFD2-CD32-Ex1.32 repeate ...
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Current mirror

A current mirror is a circuit designed to copy a current through one active device by controlling the current in another active device of a circuit, keeping the output current constant regardless of loading. The current being 'copied' can be, and sometimes is, a varying signal current. Conceptually, an ideal current mirror is simply an ideal inverting current amplifier that reverses the current direction as well or it is a current-controlled current source (CCCS). The current mirror is used to provide bias currents and active loads to circuits. It can also be used to model a more realistic current source (since ideal current sources don't exist).The circuit topology covered here is one that appears in many monolithic ICs. It is a Widlar mirror without an emitter degeneration resistor in the follower (output) transistor. This topology can only be done in an IC as the matching has to be extremely close and cannot be achieved with discretes.Another topology is the Wilson mirror. The Wilson mirror solves the Early effect voltage problem in his design.
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