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... Appropriate DC operating conditions must be established for any circuit before it can be used to respond to an input signal. These are called the bias or quiescent conditions (i.e., without an input signal). The quiescent currents and voltages in the circuit must permit the expected changes to occur ...
EXP 4
EXP 4

Lecture 7 Overview - Home - University of Delaware Dept
Lecture 7 Overview - Home - University of Delaware Dept

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Chapter 7: Current Electricity End of Chapter Questions
Chapter 7: Current Electricity End of Chapter Questions

... What is a main shortcoming of a series circuit? In a circuit of two lamps in parallel, if there are 6 V across one lamp, what is the voltage across the other lamp? How does the sum of the currents though the branches of a simple parallel circuit compare to the current that flows through the voltage ...
Power supply require..
Power supply require..

... power supply should never output gate voltages outside the +/-7.7V range. The drain voltage is recommended to be kept below 1.6 V and above -0.5 V at all times. Because of the high failure rate of the 50 ohm coaxial modules for the prototype feeds, also the Raytheon mHEMT MMICs were tested for break ...
Section H4: High-Frequency Transistor Models
Section H4: High-Frequency Transistor Models

... method of open circuit time constants for the high frequency cutoff. In this method, independent sources are again set to zero (short voltage sources and open current sources), but now all capacitors other than the one of interest are set to zero (infinite effective impedance). Just as a heads up, a ...
1 Practical Logic Characteristics
1 Practical Logic Characteristics

... characteristic where the slope is –1. This is done on the basis of the effect on the circuit which applies to noise and interference components superimposed on the logic signal. Consider slowly changing the input voltage from one logic state to another. Increasing Vi from 0V, the output voltage fall ...
5410/DM5410 Triple 3-Input NAND Gates
5410/DM5410 Triple 3-Input NAND Gates

common collector amplifier
common collector amplifier

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EUP7981

... An input capacitance of 1µF is required between the EUP7981 input pin and ground (the amount of the capacitance may be increased without limit). This capacitor must be located a distance of not more than 1cm from the input pin and returned to a clean analog ground. Any good quality ceramic, tantalum ...
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Week 6 - Circuits, Power and the Electromotive
Week 6 - Circuits, Power and the Electromotive

In this problem, we will find an expression for the... This is valid for all time, especially time before or...
In this problem, we will find an expression for the... This is valid for all time, especially time before or...

Photoresistor, Transistor, and LED`s
Photoresistor, Transistor, and LED`s

... 15mA to reach full brightness, but are not designed to handle more than about 20 mA of current (though some can handle upwards of 80 mA). You will therefore always need to provide a resistor in series with an LED to limit the current to about 20 mA or less, or else you will burn it out. Also, don’t ...
examination of marine engineer officer
examination of marine engineer officer

... of the drum 0.5m and the motor speed 960 rev/min. Under these conditions the input to the motor was 30A at 230V. Calculate the output of the motor and its efficiency. ...
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AN729: Replacing Traditional Optocouplers with Si87xx Digital

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dc circuits - Physics at PMB

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original publication
original publication

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Current mirror

A current mirror is a circuit designed to copy a current through one active device by controlling the current in another active device of a circuit, keeping the output current constant regardless of loading. The current being 'copied' can be, and sometimes is, a varying signal current. Conceptually, an ideal current mirror is simply an ideal inverting current amplifier that reverses the current direction as well or it is a current-controlled current source (CCCS). The current mirror is used to provide bias currents and active loads to circuits. It can also be used to model a more realistic current source (since ideal current sources don't exist).The circuit topology covered here is one that appears in many monolithic ICs. It is a Widlar mirror without an emitter degeneration resistor in the follower (output) transistor. This topology can only be done in an IC as the matching has to be extremely close and cannot be achieved with discretes.Another topology is the Wilson mirror. The Wilson mirror solves the Early effect voltage problem in his design.
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