Central Retinal Vein Occlusion due to retinal vasculitis Priyanka
... Systemic vascular disease is associated in 74% of patients with CRVO greater than 50 years of age. Hypertension and hyperlipidemia are seen in 32-60% and diabetes in 1534% of patients. Hemostasis-related factors include antiphospholipid antibodies, elevated levels of PAI-1, activated protein-C resis ...
... Systemic vascular disease is associated in 74% of patients with CRVO greater than 50 years of age. Hypertension and hyperlipidemia are seen in 32-60% and diabetes in 1534% of patients. Hemostasis-related factors include antiphospholipid antibodies, elevated levels of PAI-1, activated protein-C resis ...
Limbal Stem Cells and Corneal Epithelial Regeneration: Current
... maintaining “stemness.” Histologically, limbal epithelium is unique; it consists of more than 10 cell layers and is the thickest among the three as compared to 1-2 cell layers for the conjunctival epithelium and 4-6 cell layers for the corneal epithelium [19] (Figure 1). In humans, a regional specia ...
... maintaining “stemness.” Histologically, limbal epithelium is unique; it consists of more than 10 cell layers and is the thickest among the three as compared to 1-2 cell layers for the conjunctival epithelium and 4-6 cell layers for the corneal epithelium [19] (Figure 1). In humans, a regional specia ...
Curriculum
... The small central area of the retina is the macula, which provides the best vision of any location in the retina. If the eye is considered to be a type of camera, the retina is equivalent to the film inside of the camera, registering the tiny photons of light interacting with it. Within the layers o ...
... The small central area of the retina is the macula, which provides the best vision of any location in the retina. If the eye is considered to be a type of camera, the retina is equivalent to the film inside of the camera, registering the tiny photons of light interacting with it. Within the layers o ...
The Evolution of Complex Organs | SpringerLink
... resistance within populations of bacteria, they often remain uncertain as to how similar mechanisms could account for complex structures such as eyes or wings (Ayala 2007; Scott and Matzke 2007). This article provides a general overview of the various processes that play a role in the evolution of c ...
... resistance within populations of bacteria, they often remain uncertain as to how similar mechanisms could account for complex structures such as eyes or wings (Ayala 2007; Scott and Matzke 2007). This article provides a general overview of the various processes that play a role in the evolution of c ...
y - كلية طب الاسنان
... between the perpendicular plate of the palatine bone and the maxilla. At the greater palatine foramen it turns forward to supply the mucous membrane of the hard palate. As it descends it also supplies the posteroinferior part of the lateral wall of the nose and the medial wall of the maxillary sinus ...
... between the perpendicular plate of the palatine bone and the maxilla. At the greater palatine foramen it turns forward to supply the mucous membrane of the hard palate. As it descends it also supplies the posteroinferior part of the lateral wall of the nose and the medial wall of the maxillary sinus ...
PDF
... using both the brain hemispheres and the eye disc as models. We show that Merlin has a conserved role in controlling glial proliferation from humans to Drosophila, and that its effects in Drosophila can be accounted for by modulation of Hippo signaling. Unlike previously examined tissues in Drosophi ...
... using both the brain hemispheres and the eye disc as models. We show that Merlin has a conserved role in controlling glial proliferation from humans to Drosophila, and that its effects in Drosophila can be accounted for by modulation of Hippo signaling. Unlike previously examined tissues in Drosophi ...
Heavy Metal Concentrations in Human Eyes
... Lead and cadmium were found in all of the pigmented ocular tissues (e.g., retinal pigment epithelium/choroid, ciliary body) that we studied. The importance of melanin binding of heavy metals in pigmented ocular tissues is unclear. Melanin may confer tissue protection by acting as a filter or detoxic ...
... Lead and cadmium were found in all of the pigmented ocular tissues (e.g., retinal pigment epithelium/choroid, ciliary body) that we studied. The importance of melanin binding of heavy metals in pigmented ocular tissues is unclear. Melanin may confer tissue protection by acting as a filter or detoxic ...
Vitreous And Peripheral Retinal Conditions
... more considerable. The colour will vary from grey to white, red in the case of erythrocytes or brown if melanin granules. A common larger sized floater is caused by the ring of glial tissue that surrounds the optic nerve and which can come away as a PVD occurs. Such a floater can appear as a ring an ...
... more considerable. The colour will vary from grey to white, red in the case of erythrocytes or brown if melanin granules. A common larger sized floater is caused by the ring of glial tissue that surrounds the optic nerve and which can come away as a PVD occurs. Such a floater can appear as a ring an ...
Chapter 11 Eyes Physical Examination Preview Eyes Measure
... Iris, ciliary body, and choroids comprise the uveal tract. The iris is a circular, contractile muscular disc containing pigment cells that produce the color of the eye. Dilates/contracts to control amount of light traveling through the pupil to the retina The ciliary body produces the aqueous humor ...
... Iris, ciliary body, and choroids comprise the uveal tract. The iris is a circular, contractile muscular disc containing pigment cells that produce the color of the eye. Dilates/contracts to control amount of light traveling through the pupil to the retina The ciliary body produces the aqueous humor ...
LECTURE ( 8 ) CRANIAL NERVES IX
... *Normal palatal arches will constrict and elevate, to see if there is choking or any and the uvula will remain in the midline as it is complaints as it is swallowed. elevated. 4-Laryngoscopy is necessary to *With paralysis there is no elevation or evaluate the vocal cord. constriction of the affecte ...
... *Normal palatal arches will constrict and elevate, to see if there is choking or any and the uvula will remain in the midline as it is complaints as it is swallowed. elevated. 4-Laryngoscopy is necessary to *With paralysis there is no elevation or evaluate the vocal cord. constriction of the affecte ...
Carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes CA I and CA II in the human
... in any tissue, since all histochemical staining was inhibited by 10 nM acetazolamide (see Methods). It should be noted that the immunological method does not detect the membrane-bound CA IV, which is immunologically different6 from the cytoplasmic forms. With the histochemical method, on the other h ...
... in any tissue, since all histochemical staining was inhibited by 10 nM acetazolamide (see Methods). It should be noted that the immunological method does not detect the membrane-bound CA IV, which is immunologically different6 from the cytoplasmic forms. With the histochemical method, on the other h ...
Eye Floaters
... the eye (something we seek out, because vision is a Good Thing), any speck may cast its tiny shadow on the retina. We see this as a (hold your breath) shadowy speck. The eye is continually in motion, and the gel jiggles accordingly, making the shadows seem to float around. This feels like a problem ...
... the eye (something we seek out, because vision is a Good Thing), any speck may cast its tiny shadow on the retina. We see this as a (hold your breath) shadowy speck. The eye is continually in motion, and the gel jiggles accordingly, making the shadows seem to float around. This feels like a problem ...
Ear Embryology - Juniper Publishers
... form the middle ear ossicles. The malleus and incus arise from mesenchyme of the 1st pharyngeal arch, whereas the stapes -> from 2nd arch. The tensor tympani muscle, which is attached to the malleus -> from first-arch mesoderm, so ->innervated by trigeminal nerve (cr n V). The stapedius muscle -> is ...
... form the middle ear ossicles. The malleus and incus arise from mesenchyme of the 1st pharyngeal arch, whereas the stapes -> from 2nd arch. The tensor tympani muscle, which is attached to the malleus -> from first-arch mesoderm, so ->innervated by trigeminal nerve (cr n V). The stapedius muscle -> is ...
to be by no means a rare occurrence, for no fewer than eight cases
... from the superior tibio-fibular joint come to lie within the sheath of the lateral popliteal nerve, and why does the growth of such a ganglion seem to depend upon its connection ...
... from the superior tibio-fibular joint come to lie within the sheath of the lateral popliteal nerve, and why does the growth of such a ganglion seem to depend upon its connection ...
Blue laser autofluorescence
... be highly effective in the diagnosis of wet AMD. In order to understand why this is so, one must first understand the nature of the disease process. Wet AMD is characterised by choroidal neocascularisation (CNV), which develops between Bruch’s membrane, RPE and the photoreceptor layer. In studies, i ...
... be highly effective in the diagnosis of wet AMD. In order to understand why this is so, one must first understand the nature of the disease process. Wet AMD is characterised by choroidal neocascularisation (CNV), which develops between Bruch’s membrane, RPE and the photoreceptor layer. In studies, i ...
Macular Pigment Optical Density in Healthy Eyes of Filipino Adults
... the macula, where they are collectively referred to as macular pigment (MP). In recent years, the anatomic, biochemical, and optical properties of MP have provoked interest in the putative protection that this pigment may confer against AMD.8 The role of macular pigment in the eye is twofold: 1) an ...
... the macula, where they are collectively referred to as macular pigment (MP). In recent years, the anatomic, biochemical, and optical properties of MP have provoked interest in the putative protection that this pigment may confer against AMD.8 The role of macular pigment in the eye is twofold: 1) an ...
Anatomical organization and neural pathways of the ovarian plexus
... Fig. 4 Representative photomicrographs of True Blue (TB) labeled postganglionic neurons of the ovary. a Labeled neurons (white arrow) in the SMG attached the inferior vena cava when TB was injected into right-ovarian bursa were observed. b Non-labeled neurons in the SMG when TB was injected into lef ...
... Fig. 4 Representative photomicrographs of True Blue (TB) labeled postganglionic neurons of the ovary. a Labeled neurons (white arrow) in the SMG attached the inferior vena cava when TB was injected into right-ovarian bursa were observed. b Non-labeled neurons in the SMG when TB was injected into lef ...
Rhinology: Sinus Anatomy and Embryology
... D Kennedy. “Pediatric Sinus Surgery” Diseases of the Sinuses. 2001 Kim HU. Surgical anatomy of the natural ostium of the sphenoid sinus. Laryngoscope. 2001 Sep;111(9):1599-602. ...
... D Kennedy. “Pediatric Sinus Surgery” Diseases of the Sinuses. 2001 Kim HU. Surgical anatomy of the natural ostium of the sphenoid sinus. Laryngoscope. 2001 Sep;111(9):1599-602. ...
KRANYAL SİNİR SEMİYOLOJİSİ
... paired, anterior extensions of the forebrain (diencephalon) and are, therefore, actually CNS fiber tracts formed by axons of retinal ganglion cells. In other words, they are third-order neurons, with their cell bodies located in the retina. The nerve passes posteromedially in the orbit, exiting thro ...
... paired, anterior extensions of the forebrain (diencephalon) and are, therefore, actually CNS fiber tracts formed by axons of retinal ganglion cells. In other words, they are third-order neurons, with their cell bodies located in the retina. The nerve passes posteromedially in the orbit, exiting thro ...
Figuring Space by Time. Neuron Vol. 32, 185-201.
... brainstem to cortex, in anesthetized rats (see Haidarliu et al., 1999, for methods) showed that the temporal frequency of whisker movement is represented differently in the two pathways: primarily by response amplitude (i.e., instantaneous firing rate) in the lemniscal and primarily by latency in th ...
... brainstem to cortex, in anesthetized rats (see Haidarliu et al., 1999, for methods) showed that the temporal frequency of whisker movement is represented differently in the two pathways: primarily by response amplitude (i.e., instantaneous firing rate) in the lemniscal and primarily by latency in th ...
v12a165-suarez pgmkr
... plexus (AP), instead of a single Schlemm’s canal as observed in humans. These small canals are part of a scleral venous plexus, but are located closer to the trabecular meshwork. Indeed, some of them actually appear to enter just within the limits of the network. It has been reported that they do no ...
... plexus (AP), instead of a single Schlemm’s canal as observed in humans. These small canals are part of a scleral venous plexus, but are located closer to the trabecular meshwork. Indeed, some of them actually appear to enter just within the limits of the network. It has been reported that they do no ...
The Embryology of Patella1
... the funnel shaped micropyle, and extending upward towards its opening. PL 1, Fig. 4. They are of enormous size and when livingappear structureless, but upon the addition of acetic acid take on the turbid appearance characteristic of protoplasm when treated with this reagent. At first they are of the ...
... the funnel shaped micropyle, and extending upward towards its opening. PL 1, Fig. 4. They are of enormous size and when livingappear structureless, but upon the addition of acetic acid take on the turbid appearance characteristic of protoplasm when treated with this reagent. At first they are of the ...
Francis B. Quinn, Jr., MD, FACS – Archivist
... cavity, separated by the thin lacrimal bone and frontal process of the maxillary bone ...
... cavity, separated by the thin lacrimal bone and frontal process of the maxillary bone ...
Central retinal vein occlusion with secondary cilioretinal artery
... Two hypotheses have been proposed for the pathogenesis of CRVO with CLRAO.5,6 The first hypothesis is the development of CLRAO secondary to the raised capillary pressure caused by CRVO.7e12 The second hypothesis suggests a primary reduction in perfusion pressure of the cilioretinal and retinal arteri ...
... Two hypotheses have been proposed for the pathogenesis of CRVO with CLRAO.5,6 The first hypothesis is the development of CLRAO secondary to the raised capillary pressure caused by CRVO.7e12 The second hypothesis suggests a primary reduction in perfusion pressure of the cilioretinal and retinal arteri ...
Photoreceptor cell
A photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of neuron found in the retina that is capable of phototransduction. The great biological importance of photoreceptors is that they convert light (visible electromagnetic radiation) into signals that can stimulate biological processes. To be more specific, photoreceptor proteins in the cell absorb photons, triggering a change in the cell's membrane potential.The two classic photoreceptor cells are rods and cones, each contributing information used by the visual system to form a representation of the visual world, sight. The rods are narrower than the cones and distributed differently across the retina, but the chemical process in each that supports phototransduction is similar. A third class of photoreceptor cells was discovered during the 1990s: the photosensitive ganglion cells. These cells do not contribute to sight directly, but are thought to support circadian rhythms and pupillary reflex.There are major functional differences between the rods and cones. Rods are extremely sensitive, and can be triggered by a single photon. At very low light levels, visual experience is based solely on the rod signal. This explains why colors cannot be seen at low light levels: only one type of photoreceptor cell is active.Cones require significantly brighter light (i.e., a larger numbers of photons) in order to produce a signal. In humans, there are three different types of cone cell, distinguished by their pattern of response to different wavelengths of light. Color experience is calculated from these three distinct signals, perhaps via an opponent process. The three types of cone cell respond (roughly) to light of short, medium, and long wavelengths. Note that, due to the principle of univariance, the firing of the cell depends upon only the number of photons absorbed. The different responses of the three types of cone cells are determined by the likelihoods that their respective photoreceptor proteins will absorb photons of different wavelengths. So, for example, an L cone cell contains a photoreceptor protein that more readily absorbs long wavelengths of light (i.e., more ""red""). Light of a shorter wavelength can also produce the same response, but it must be much brighter to do so.The human retina contains about 120 million rod cells and 6 million cone cells. The number and ratio of rods to cones varies among species, dependent on whether an animal is primarily diurnal or nocturnal. Certain owls, such as the tawny owl, have a tremendous number of rods in their retinae. In addition, there are about 2.4 million to 3 million ganglion cells in the human visual system, the axons of these cells form the 2 optic nerves, 1 to 2% of them photosensitive.The pineal and parapineal glands are photoreceptive in non-mammalian vertebrates, but not in mammals. Birds have photoactive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons within the paraventricular organ that respond to light in the absence of input from the eyes or neurotransmitters. Invertebrate photoreceptors in organisms such as insects and molluscs are different in both their morphological organization and their underlying biochemical pathways. Described here are human photoreceptors.