Cranial Nerves
... A discussion of the optic nerve begins with the retina. I will leave the detailed--the painfully detailed--physiology of the retina to another time, but there are some fun retina facts that you need to be able to regurgitate on command. The layers of the retina: This can be tricky because “inner” an ...
... A discussion of the optic nerve begins with the retina. I will leave the detailed--the painfully detailed--physiology of the retina to another time, but there are some fun retina facts that you need to be able to regurgitate on command. The layers of the retina: This can be tricky because “inner” an ...
stromal rejection episode after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty
... at least partially, by endothelial dysfunction. Watson, Tuft and Dart have already discussed this possibility, and have suggested inflammation in the stroma, stromal cellular infiltrates, and abnormalities in the endothelium of keratoconus patients as possible causes of endothelial decompensation (4 ...
... at least partially, by endothelial dysfunction. Watson, Tuft and Dart have already discussed this possibility, and have suggested inflammation in the stroma, stromal cellular infiltrates, and abnormalities in the endothelium of keratoconus patients as possible causes of endothelial decompensation (4 ...
Downloadable Full Text - DSpace@MIT
... shown in Table S3 and Fig. 4. Table S3 shows the distribution of the color values that blocked the percept of the phosphene generated by electrical stimulation. There were 77 stimulation sites at which full blocks were obtained. Fig. 4 provides a summary view of these blocks on the CIE chromaticity ...
... shown in Table S3 and Fig. 4. Table S3 shows the distribution of the color values that blocked the percept of the phosphene generated by electrical stimulation. There were 77 stimulation sites at which full blocks were obtained. Fig. 4 provides a summary view of these blocks on the CIE chromaticity ...
Analysis of the corneal endothelium in eyes of chickens using
... The corneal endothelium is a single layer of polygonal cells essential for corneal transparency. The objective of this study was to assess the parameters corneal endothelial cells in healthy chickens of different ages using a contact specular microscopy. A total 36 eyes of 18 chickens were evaluated ...
... The corneal endothelium is a single layer of polygonal cells essential for corneal transparency. The objective of this study was to assess the parameters corneal endothelial cells in healthy chickens of different ages using a contact specular microscopy. A total 36 eyes of 18 chickens were evaluated ...
GLARE
... about 40 to 45 years of age, after which they increase rapidly. Following are the factors responsible: o lens fluorescence which converts incident ultraviolet light (invisible) into scattered blue light (visible). o yellowing of lens. o senile miosis which reduces target illumination at the retina a ...
... about 40 to 45 years of age, after which they increase rapidly. Following are the factors responsible: o lens fluorescence which converts incident ultraviolet light (invisible) into scattered blue light (visible). o yellowing of lens. o senile miosis which reduces target illumination at the retina a ...
Ultraviolet Radiation and the Anterior Eye
... eyelid margin and on the nasal equator of the crystalline lens had not been observed. There was a realization that the usual (nasal) location of pterygium and pinguecula coincided with an intense focus of peripheral light and that light damage to limbal structures (including corneal epithelial stem ...
... eyelid margin and on the nasal equator of the crystalline lens had not been observed. There was a realization that the usual (nasal) location of pterygium and pinguecula coincided with an intense focus of peripheral light and that light damage to limbal structures (including corneal epithelial stem ...
A SYNDROME OF EXTENSIVE PERIPAPILLARY MYELINATED
... The explanation for the occurrence of intraocular myelination is unknown. An error in process of myelination, or in the formation of the sclera, is hypothesized to be responsible for the myelin’s reaching the retina2.Oligodendrocytes responsible for myelination of the CNS, are not normally present i ...
... The explanation for the occurrence of intraocular myelination is unknown. An error in process of myelination, or in the formation of the sclera, is hypothesized to be responsible for the myelin’s reaching the retina2.Oligodendrocytes responsible for myelination of the CNS, are not normally present i ...
Rubeosis Iridis
... intervene promptly with PRP at the early signs of Rubeosis. For DMR : vitrectomy or lensectomy, peripupillary fluorescein leakage, may be indications for Prophylactic Tx. Treatment of Glaucoma May reverse IOP elevation in the open-angle glaucoma stage and in some early angle closure NVG(less then ...
... intervene promptly with PRP at the early signs of Rubeosis. For DMR : vitrectomy or lensectomy, peripupillary fluorescein leakage, may be indications for Prophylactic Tx. Treatment of Glaucoma May reverse IOP elevation in the open-angle glaucoma stage and in some early angle closure NVG(less then ...
The Cranial Nerves
... Greater petrosal nerve岩大神经: GVE fibers pass to pterygopalatine ganglion 翼腭神经节 and there relayed through the zygomatic and lacrimal nerves to lacrimal gland ...
... Greater petrosal nerve岩大神经: GVE fibers pass to pterygopalatine ganglion 翼腭神经节 and there relayed through the zygomatic and lacrimal nerves to lacrimal gland ...
The Cranial Nerves
... Greater petrosal nerve岩大神经: GVE fibers pass to pterygopalatine ganglion 翼腭神经节 and there relayed through the zygomatic and lacrimal nerves to lacrimal gland ...
... Greater petrosal nerve岩大神经: GVE fibers pass to pterygopalatine ganglion 翼腭神经节 and there relayed through the zygomatic and lacrimal nerves to lacrimal gland ...
Ganglion Cell Analysis Ganglion Cell Analysis
... Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc Cirrus 6.0 Speaker Slide Set CIR.3992 Rev B 01/2012 ...
... Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc Cirrus 6.0 Speaker Slide Set CIR.3992 Rev B 01/2012 ...
Taste Bud and Its Function
... 1-A large number of taste buds are on the walls of circumvallate papillae which form a V line on the surface of the posterior tongue. (2) Moderate numbers of taste buds are on the fungiform papillae over the flat anterior surface of the tongue. (3) Moderate numbers are on the foliate papillae locate ...
... 1-A large number of taste buds are on the walls of circumvallate papillae which form a V line on the surface of the posterior tongue. (2) Moderate numbers of taste buds are on the fungiform papillae over the flat anterior surface of the tongue. (3) Moderate numbers are on the foliate papillae locate ...
The effect of combined daunorubicin and triamcinolone
... smaller differences). We would have needed approximately 60 rabbits per group to have had the statistical power to detect a difference in response rates on the order of 44% versus 28%. Because this was prohibitively expensive, we stopped the experiment. It is disappointing that our results did not s ...
... smaller differences). We would have needed approximately 60 rabbits per group to have had the statistical power to detect a difference in response rates on the order of 44% versus 28%. Because this was prohibitively expensive, we stopped the experiment. It is disappointing that our results did not s ...
N.VAGUS Vagus nerve: superior ganglia (syn. jugular
... coalesce and enter the abdominal cavity through the oesophageal hiatus in the diaphragm. It is usually single but may be divided into two trunks Clinical Pathology Duodenal ulcer disease ...
... coalesce and enter the abdominal cavity through the oesophageal hiatus in the diaphragm. It is usually single but may be divided into two trunks Clinical Pathology Duodenal ulcer disease ...
Head and Neck Practice Quiz
... Much can be discerned about the state of the brain by observing how the eyes track a visual stimulus. All of the follows cranial nerves move the eyeball except: (Anatomy) a. III, b. IV c. V d. VI ...
... Much can be discerned about the state of the brain by observing how the eyes track a visual stimulus. All of the follows cranial nerves move the eyeball except: (Anatomy) a. III, b. IV c. V d. VI ...
chronic headache-digital fundus changes in emmetropic teenage
... In our brain nearly 100 billion neurons are present and one million nerve fibres are present in optic nerve which are interconnected with almost entire brain. In our body 75 to 80% of all information reached to the brain is from eyes only. Even during sleep there is a rapid eye movement stage and de ...
... In our brain nearly 100 billion neurons are present and one million nerve fibres are present in optic nerve which are interconnected with almost entire brain. In our body 75 to 80% of all information reached to the brain is from eyes only. Even during sleep there is a rapid eye movement stage and de ...
Innervation of the superior tarsal (Müller`s)
... adrenergic nerve fibers in the superior tarsal muscle. Acute damage of the adrenergic nerve fibers was found in the superior tarsal muscle 24 hr after superior cervical ganglionectomy in the cynomolgous monkey.15 Denervation of the branches of the ophthalmic part of the trigeminal afferent nerve in ...
... adrenergic nerve fibers in the superior tarsal muscle. Acute damage of the adrenergic nerve fibers was found in the superior tarsal muscle 24 hr after superior cervical ganglionectomy in the cynomolgous monkey.15 Denervation of the branches of the ophthalmic part of the trigeminal afferent nerve in ...
acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy following
... other vasculitis (cerebral angiitis, thyroiditis, nephropathies, and erythema nodosum) [13]. The possible relationship between APMPPE and other vasculitis, Lyme disease [14], adenoviral disease, mumps [15], sarcoidosis, pulmonary tuberculosis [16], or other rheumatologic conditions [10], raised the ...
... other vasculitis (cerebral angiitis, thyroiditis, nephropathies, and erythema nodosum) [13]. The possible relationship between APMPPE and other vasculitis, Lyme disease [14], adenoviral disease, mumps [15], sarcoidosis, pulmonary tuberculosis [16], or other rheumatologic conditions [10], raised the ...
1-Constrictor pupillae ms.
... FUNÇÕES DO HUMOR AQUOSO • One of refractory media of the eye • Supply of O2 & nutrients for avascular cornea & lens. • Buffering & removal of acid products of anaerobic metabolism of cornea & lens. ...
... FUNÇÕES DO HUMOR AQUOSO • One of refractory media of the eye • Supply of O2 & nutrients for avascular cornea & lens. • Buffering & removal of acid products of anaerobic metabolism of cornea & lens. ...
Full Text of
... before or during surgery, three of which existed within the colobomatous crater in the thin rudimentary retina and one at the margin of the coloboma. Although cyanoacrylate glue had successfully closed most retinal breaks during surgery, it did not adequately adhere to the retina and flaked off part ...
... before or during surgery, three of which existed within the colobomatous crater in the thin rudimentary retina and one at the margin of the coloboma. Although cyanoacrylate glue had successfully closed most retinal breaks during surgery, it did not adequately adhere to the retina and flaked off part ...
y. - كلية طب الاسنان
... The lateral (superficial) surface of the gland is covered by skin and superficial fascia. The investing layer الطبقة المغلقةof deep cervical fascia splits to envelope the gland and the inner leaf صفحةpasses up to the base of the skull. The outer leaf extends superiorly as the parotidomasseteric ...
... The lateral (superficial) surface of the gland is covered by skin and superficial fascia. The investing layer الطبقة المغلقةof deep cervical fascia splits to envelope the gland and the inner leaf صفحةpasses up to the base of the skull. The outer leaf extends superiorly as the parotidomasseteric ...
Incontinentia pigmenti (Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome)
... was obtained.5 In two patients these changes were bilateral, and in case 6 they were visible, covering all the temporal quadrant in the left eye. Previously only four papers have reported alterations of the retinal pigment epithelium in incontinentia pigmenti.69 However, those alterations were limit ...
... was obtained.5 In two patients these changes were bilateral, and in case 6 they were visible, covering all the temporal quadrant in the left eye. Previously only four papers have reported alterations of the retinal pigment epithelium in incontinentia pigmenti.69 However, those alterations were limit ...
Transplantation of Limbal Stem Cells 3
... uniform and there exists amongst SC a hierarchy of potential. SC can be totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, or unipotent. The zygote that can form the entire embryo and part of the placenta is an example of a totipotent cell. Cells of the inner cell mass from which most tissues that arise from the ...
... uniform and there exists amongst SC a hierarchy of potential. SC can be totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, or unipotent. The zygote that can form the entire embryo and part of the placenta is an example of a totipotent cell. Cells of the inner cell mass from which most tissues that arise from the ...
Cell-mediated immunity against human retinal extract, S
... the pathogenesis of the chorioretinopathy in onchocerciasis, PBMC of onchocerciasis patients and endemic controls were challenged with human S-antigen, IRBP, or crude retinal extract. No difference could be shown between patients with or without onchocercal chorioretinopathy and endemic controls wit ...
... the pathogenesis of the chorioretinopathy in onchocerciasis, PBMC of onchocerciasis patients and endemic controls were challenged with human S-antigen, IRBP, or crude retinal extract. No difference could be shown between patients with or without onchocercal chorioretinopathy and endemic controls wit ...
Photoreceptor cell
A photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of neuron found in the retina that is capable of phototransduction. The great biological importance of photoreceptors is that they convert light (visible electromagnetic radiation) into signals that can stimulate biological processes. To be more specific, photoreceptor proteins in the cell absorb photons, triggering a change in the cell's membrane potential.The two classic photoreceptor cells are rods and cones, each contributing information used by the visual system to form a representation of the visual world, sight. The rods are narrower than the cones and distributed differently across the retina, but the chemical process in each that supports phototransduction is similar. A third class of photoreceptor cells was discovered during the 1990s: the photosensitive ganglion cells. These cells do not contribute to sight directly, but are thought to support circadian rhythms and pupillary reflex.There are major functional differences between the rods and cones. Rods are extremely sensitive, and can be triggered by a single photon. At very low light levels, visual experience is based solely on the rod signal. This explains why colors cannot be seen at low light levels: only one type of photoreceptor cell is active.Cones require significantly brighter light (i.e., a larger numbers of photons) in order to produce a signal. In humans, there are three different types of cone cell, distinguished by their pattern of response to different wavelengths of light. Color experience is calculated from these three distinct signals, perhaps via an opponent process. The three types of cone cell respond (roughly) to light of short, medium, and long wavelengths. Note that, due to the principle of univariance, the firing of the cell depends upon only the number of photons absorbed. The different responses of the three types of cone cells are determined by the likelihoods that their respective photoreceptor proteins will absorb photons of different wavelengths. So, for example, an L cone cell contains a photoreceptor protein that more readily absorbs long wavelengths of light (i.e., more ""red""). Light of a shorter wavelength can also produce the same response, but it must be much brighter to do so.The human retina contains about 120 million rod cells and 6 million cone cells. The number and ratio of rods to cones varies among species, dependent on whether an animal is primarily diurnal or nocturnal. Certain owls, such as the tawny owl, have a tremendous number of rods in their retinae. In addition, there are about 2.4 million to 3 million ganglion cells in the human visual system, the axons of these cells form the 2 optic nerves, 1 to 2% of them photosensitive.The pineal and parapineal glands are photoreceptive in non-mammalian vertebrates, but not in mammals. Birds have photoactive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons within the paraventricular organ that respond to light in the absence of input from the eyes or neurotransmitters. Invertebrate photoreceptors in organisms such as insects and molluscs are different in both their morphological organization and their underlying biochemical pathways. Described here are human photoreceptors.