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Chap32-PSWan
Chap32-PSWan

... operation of the packet switched data network. It is however possible, and common practice, to use also the X25 protocols between nodes inside the data network ...
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... • One of the best ways to determine if you should activate RTS/CTS is to monitor the wireless LAN for collisions. If you find a large number of collisions and the users are relatively far apart and likely out of range, then try enabling RTS/CTS on the applicable user wireless NICs. You can activate ...
3rd Edition, Chapter 5 - Northwestern University
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... Fast retransmit occurs when a packet is lost, but latter packets get through When 3 or more dupacks are received, send the missing segment immediately Start congestion avoidance(Fast Recovery) Set cwnd to ssthresh(half the current cwnd) plus no. of dupacks times segment size ...
Data Communication and Computer Networks 1303330
Data Communication and Computer Networks 1303330

... The idea is to encode a pattern of 8 bits as a pattern of 6 signal elements, where the signal has three levels (ternary). In this type of scheme, we can have 28 = 256 different data patterns and 36 = 478 different signal patterns. The mapping table is shown in Appendix D. There are 478 256 = 222 red ...
Chapter 5 - Department of Computer Engineering
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... A creates datagram with source A, destination B A uses ARP to get R’s MAC address for 111.111.111.110 A creates link-layer frame with R's MAC address as dest, frame contains A-to-B IP datagram A’s adapter sends frame R’s adapter receives frame R removes IP datagram from Ethernet frame, sees its dest ...
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... 1. CPU speed is more important than network speed. 2. Reduce packet count to reduce software overhead. 3. Minimize context switches. 4. Minimize copying. 5. You can buy more bandwidth but not lower delay. 6. Avoiding congestion is better than recovering from it. 7. Avoid timeouts. ...
3rd Edition: Chapter 3
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... segments may be:  lost  delivered out of order to app  connectionless:  no handshaking between UDP sender, receiver  each UDP segment handled independently of others ...
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... AI0(+). Reference single-ended (RSE) inputs all reference to some common ground. Typically an experimenter will use this type of connection with relatively high signals (greater than 1V). In addition to this high voltage the wires coming from the instrument should be relatively short (less than 3 me ...
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...  Vehicular Mobility = Motion and Hand-off tested at 230mph race track trial  High speed motion with real-time handoff is required for data connectivity at vehicular speeds.  Real time handoff enables future applications such as Voice over IP and real time mobile video.  Data rate drops as speed ...
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... 2.Congestion Control: The server should send data as fast as possible, but not too fast 3.TCP provides these features (services), while UDP does not 2. Network layer (could be called the routing layer, but it isn’t) 1.The packets must find their way through the network. 2.Each packet has the IP addr ...
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... world, there are many open aspects to address, as introduced in the following. IoT systems originate traffic patterns very different from the popular Internet applications (web browsing, video streaming, etc.) and require specific procedures for device/service discovery and management. Thereby, NDN ...
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... twisted around each other occupy almost exactly the same space and the current travels in the two wires in opposite directions. The twisted pair is coupled with a differential system to clear up the signal. ...
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... application layer runs data processing algorithms and services dependent on application requirements. An IoT Gateway system requires data forwarding, protocol conversion, management and control, and software. Data forwarding is necessary in order to correctly transfer data from WSNs to other communi ...
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... layer addresses in processing • More complex than switches or routers: • Connect two or more networks that use the same or different data link and network protocols • Some work at the application layer (using data link layer address) to route messages to other networks • Process only those messages ...
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... Wireless Topology Not really a specific topology since a workstation in a wireless LAN can be anywhere as long as it is within transmitting distance to an access point. Newer IEEE 802.11 and 802.11b standard defines various forms of wireless LAN connections. Speeds up to 11 Mbps with 802.11b standar ...
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UniPro protocol stack

In mobile-telephone technology, the UniPro protocol stack follows the architecture of the classical OSI Reference Model. In UniPro, the OSI Physical Layer is split into two sublayers: Layer 1 (the actual physical layer) and Layer 1.5 (the PHY Adapter layer) which abstracts from differences between alternative Layer 1 technologies. The actual physical layer is a separate specification as the various PHY options are reused in other MIPI Alliance specifications.The UniPro specification itself covers Layers 1.5, 2, 3, 4 and the DME (Device Management Entity). The Application Layer (LA) is out of scope because different uses of UniPro will require different LA protocols. The Physical Layer (L1) is covered in separate MIPI specifications in order to allow the PHY to be reused by other (less generic) protocols if needed.OSI Layers 5 (Session) and 6 (Presentation) are, where applicable, counted as part of the Application Layer.
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