Regulation of mitochondrial calcium in plants versus animals
... Ca2+ acts as an important cellular second messenger in eukaryotes. In both plants and animals, a wide variety of environmental and developmental stimuli trigger Ca2+ transients of a specific signature that can modulate gene expression and metabolism. In animals, mitochondrial energy metabolism has l ...
... Ca2+ acts as an important cellular second messenger in eukaryotes. In both plants and animals, a wide variety of environmental and developmental stimuli trigger Ca2+ transients of a specific signature that can modulate gene expression and metabolism. In animals, mitochondrial energy metabolism has l ...
The antagonistic pleiotropy model
... Demographic information from a historical population of 16,500 families that inhabited the Krummhorn region of Germany between 1720-1870. They focused on two fundamental predictions of the disposable soma theory 1. That marred women should have shorter life spans than their unmarried counterpart ...
... Demographic information from a historical population of 16,500 families that inhabited the Krummhorn region of Germany between 1720-1870. They focused on two fundamental predictions of the disposable soma theory 1. That marred women should have shorter life spans than their unmarried counterpart ...
Therapeutic role of coenzyme Q10 in Parkinson`s disease
... IV and citrate synthase. In a second part of the study, the PD patients were treated with carbidopa/levodopa (25/100 mg, 3 times/day) for 1 month and had a second assay of platelet mitochondrial function; they were then treated with carbidopa/levodopa and selegiline (5 mg, twice/day) for a second mo ...
... IV and citrate synthase. In a second part of the study, the PD patients were treated with carbidopa/levodopa (25/100 mg, 3 times/day) for 1 month and had a second assay of platelet mitochondrial function; they were then treated with carbidopa/levodopa and selegiline (5 mg, twice/day) for a second mo ...
FAT/CD36 is located on the outer mitochondrial membrane
... LCFA uptake through the activation of several signalling cascades, including AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) [8], CaMKK (Ca2 + /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase) [9], ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2) [10] and insulin [11]. FAT/CD36 has also been found on the mitochond ...
... LCFA uptake through the activation of several signalling cascades, including AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) [8], CaMKK (Ca2 + /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase) [9], ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2) [10] and insulin [11]. FAT/CD36 has also been found on the mitochond ...
Anaerobic and aerobic pathways for salvage of proximal tubules
... explanation is that, during reoxygenation, succinate, which is a product of both pathways A and B (Fig. 1), donates electrons to complex III via complex II (succinate dehydrogenase), bypassing the limitation of metabolism of complex I substrates (pathway C in Fig. 1). In this fashion, succinate-depe ...
... explanation is that, during reoxygenation, succinate, which is a product of both pathways A and B (Fig. 1), donates electrons to complex III via complex II (succinate dehydrogenase), bypassing the limitation of metabolism of complex I substrates (pathway C in Fig. 1). In this fashion, succinate-depe ...
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... and acatalasemia) [8] to more common age-related disorders such as diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer [10,11]. Like peroxisomes, mitochondria are also dynamic organelles that continuously adapt their number, morphology, and function to prevailing environmental conditions [12]. In mammal ...
... and acatalasemia) [8] to more common age-related disorders such as diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer [10,11]. Like peroxisomes, mitochondria are also dynamic organelles that continuously adapt their number, morphology, and function to prevailing environmental conditions [12]. In mammal ...
Review Article Hydroxyl radical generation theory: a possible
... Kirkman and Gaetani [3] in their review proposed schemes for reducing various states of catalase using intermediate model with and without NADPH. The radicals of amino acids within the structure of catalase were accounted specific for the reduction of compound-I to form different intermediates. Thes ...
... Kirkman and Gaetani [3] in their review proposed schemes for reducing various states of catalase using intermediate model with and without NADPH. The radicals of amino acids within the structure of catalase were accounted specific for the reduction of compound-I to form different intermediates. Thes ...
The evolutionary ecology of senescence
... 2000; Bonsall 2006). This approach, however, is not appropriate for understanding the evolutionary ecology of senescence. Field and laboratory studies on a broader range of organisms are needed to understand biological variation in the processes contributing to senescence. Accordingly, the papers in ...
... 2000; Bonsall 2006). This approach, however, is not appropriate for understanding the evolutionary ecology of senescence. Field and laboratory studies on a broader range of organisms are needed to understand biological variation in the processes contributing to senescence. Accordingly, the papers in ...
Thesis - HuVetA
... II.1.4. Regulation of mitochondrial respiration ................................................................ 11 II.2. Hypothalamic functions in reproduction ...................................................................... 12 II.2.1. Hypothalamic areas involved in the regulation of estrous ...
... II.1.4. Regulation of mitochondrial respiration ................................................................ 11 II.2. Hypothalamic functions in reproduction ...................................................................... 12 II.2.1. Hypothalamic areas involved in the regulation of estrous ...
ATP production in brain and liver mitochondria of Fischer
... temperature of the larger assay volume of the reaction mixture (990 l), which is kept at 28°C. Like the standards, the background of the reaction mixtures (990 l) was recorded before the addition of mitochondria. Afterward, 10 l of freshly isolated mitochondria from the frontal cortex of the brai ...
... temperature of the larger assay volume of the reaction mixture (990 l), which is kept at 28°C. Like the standards, the background of the reaction mixtures (990 l) was recorded before the addition of mitochondria. Afterward, 10 l of freshly isolated mitochondria from the frontal cortex of the brai ...
Mitochondria as a Pharmacological Target
... II. Mitochondria and the cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III. Mitochondria in chemotherapy-induced apoptosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. The mit ...
... II. Mitochondria and the cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III. Mitochondria in chemotherapy-induced apoptosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. The mit ...
Lecture 2- G6PD_Deficiency
... Lipids (unsaturated fatty acids) Oxidative stress and diseases: Inflammatory conditions e.g., Rheumatoid arthritis Atherosclerosis and coronary heart diseases Obesity Cancers G6PD deficiency hemolytic anemia ...
... Lipids (unsaturated fatty acids) Oxidative stress and diseases: Inflammatory conditions e.g., Rheumatoid arthritis Atherosclerosis and coronary heart diseases Obesity Cancers G6PD deficiency hemolytic anemia ...
Agnieszka Kozieł Aerobic metabolism of human endothelial cells
... variety of specialised functions, which disturbances are implicated in the development of many cardiovascular diseases. In endothelial cells, the ATP synthesis occurs in a major part via a glycolytic pathway. The relatively slight dependence of endothelial cells on mitochondrial oxidative phosphoryl ...
... variety of specialised functions, which disturbances are implicated in the development of many cardiovascular diseases. In endothelial cells, the ATP synthesis occurs in a major part via a glycolytic pathway. The relatively slight dependence of endothelial cells on mitochondrial oxidative phosphoryl ...
6 PUFA - SENS Research Foundation
... Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease • hypertension • LDL/HDL cholesterol • diabetes • family history of CAD, gender • excess alcohol, tobacco use • physical inactivity • obesity • stress • diet • advanced age ...
... Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease • hypertension • LDL/HDL cholesterol • diabetes • family history of CAD, gender • excess alcohol, tobacco use • physical inactivity • obesity • stress • diet • advanced age ...
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIHEMOLYTIC ACTIVITIES OF BOMBAX CEIBA PENTANDRA SPIKE Research Article
... four extracts was assessed by DPPH and TBARS method. Antihemolytic assay was determined using erythrocytes model and the extent of membrane damage was determined by quantifying Malondialdehyde. Among all the four extracts studied, methanolic extract exhibited significant antioxidant and antihemolyti ...
... four extracts was assessed by DPPH and TBARS method. Antihemolytic assay was determined using erythrocytes model and the extent of membrane damage was determined by quantifying Malondialdehyde. Among all the four extracts studied, methanolic extract exhibited significant antioxidant and antihemolyti ...
From muscle disuse to myopathy in COPD: REVIEW
... pathophysiological mechanism. As will be seen in the second part of this review, various studies have already reported longterm steroid use, systemic inflammation and hypoxaemia as potential contributors to the peripheral muscle dysfunction in patients with COPD [3, 12, 15, 16]. Yet even taken toget ...
... pathophysiological mechanism. As will be seen in the second part of this review, various studies have already reported longterm steroid use, systemic inflammation and hypoxaemia as potential contributors to the peripheral muscle dysfunction in patients with COPD [3, 12, 15, 16]. Yet even taken toget ...
Melatonin, mitochondria, and Ca2+ homeostasis in the exocrine
... acinar cells is the intraglandular activation of digestive enzymes. This nonphysiological process has been regarded as the critical process responsible for the damage of the gland. Upon activation of the digestive enzymes, inflammation can occur (Sah et al., 2013). A considerable body of evidence in ...
... acinar cells is the intraglandular activation of digestive enzymes. This nonphysiological process has been regarded as the critical process responsible for the damage of the gland. Upon activation of the digestive enzymes, inflammation can occur (Sah et al., 2013). A considerable body of evidence in ...
Effects of Vitamin C on health: a review of evidence
... 6. VITAMIN C AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules that derive mainly from the mitochondrial electron transport chain and that are ...
... 6. VITAMIN C AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules that derive mainly from the mitochondrial electron transport chain and that are ...
Disorders of mitochondrial function
... different mutation loads in different cells and organs. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs beyond a certain level of mutant mtDNA; this threshold presumably depends on the energy requirement of each tissue. Most pediatric mitochondrial diseases are caused by defects of proteins encoded by nuclear gene ...
... different mutation loads in different cells and organs. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs beyond a certain level of mutant mtDNA; this threshold presumably depends on the energy requirement of each tissue. Most pediatric mitochondrial diseases are caused by defects of proteins encoded by nuclear gene ...
Disorders of mitochondrial function
... different mutation loads in different cells and organs. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs beyond a certain level of mutant mtDNA; this threshold presumably depends on the energy requirement of each tissue. Most pediatric mitochondrial diseases are caused by defects of proteins encoded by nuclear gene ...
... different mutation loads in different cells and organs. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs beyond a certain level of mutant mtDNA; this threshold presumably depends on the energy requirement of each tissue. Most pediatric mitochondrial diseases are caused by defects of proteins encoded by nuclear gene ...
- Wiley Online Library
... warbler, which breeds west of the Rocky mountains and winters in the southwestern United States, Mexico, and central America; Setophaga nigrifrons, the black-fronted warbler, which is a resident year-round in Mexico; and finally, Setophaga goldmani, the Goldman’s warbler, which consists of a small p ...
... warbler, which breeds west of the Rocky mountains and winters in the southwestern United States, Mexico, and central America; Setophaga nigrifrons, the black-fronted warbler, which is a resident year-round in Mexico; and finally, Setophaga goldmani, the Goldman’s warbler, which consists of a small p ...
Electron Transport, NADPH Turnover, and Metabolism of Reactive
... aerobic metabolism. In plants ROS are produced in mitochondria (16), chloroplasts (28), and nitrogen-fixing nodules (6) as unwanted byproducts. ROS production also occurs in the course of major metabolic pathways, especially those in the peroxisomes, and ROS are used as a weapon against invading pat ...
... aerobic metabolism. In plants ROS are produced in mitochondria (16), chloroplasts (28), and nitrogen-fixing nodules (6) as unwanted byproducts. ROS production also occurs in the course of major metabolic pathways, especially those in the peroxisomes, and ROS are used as a weapon against invading pat ...
Adjeitey_Cyril _Nii-Klu_2013_ thesis
... that proton leaks through UCP1 could be a molecular target to combat certain forms of obesity. Although it is well established that UCP1 is regulated by allosteric mechanisms, alternative methods such as post-translational modification still remain to be explored. The aims of the present study were ...
... that proton leaks through UCP1 could be a molecular target to combat certain forms of obesity. Although it is well established that UCP1 is regulated by allosteric mechanisms, alternative methods such as post-translational modification still remain to be explored. The aims of the present study were ...
attached paper highlights
... The PPAR family of transcription factors plays a major role in the expression of proteins involved in extra and intramitochondrial fatty acid transport and oxidation (FAO). All PPARs are expressed in the myocardium, although PPARa and b/d are the main cardiac isoforms. PPARa binds its obligate partn ...
... The PPAR family of transcription factors plays a major role in the expression of proteins involved in extra and intramitochondrial fatty acid transport and oxidation (FAO). All PPARs are expressed in the myocardium, although PPARa and b/d are the main cardiac isoforms. PPARa binds its obligate partn ...
Role of Mitochondria in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
... defined by the presence of central obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension [12–14]. NAFLD increases with obesity and type 2 diabetes; it is present in up to 90% of obese individuals [12,15,16]. Insulin resistance is a common causative factor in the pathogenesis o ...
... defined by the presence of central obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension [12–14]. NAFLD increases with obesity and type 2 diabetes; it is present in up to 90% of obese individuals [12,15,16]. Insulin resistance is a common causative factor in the pathogenesis o ...
Free-radical theory of aging
The free radical theory of aging (FRTA) states that organisms age because cells accumulate free radical damage over time. A free radical is any atom or molecule that has a single unpaired electron in an outer shell. While a few free radicals such as melanin are not chemically reactive, most biologically-relevant free radicals are highly reactive. For most biological structures, free radical damage is closely associated with oxidative damage. Antioxidants are reducing agents, and limit oxidative damage to biological structures by passivating them from free radicals.Strictly speaking, the free radical theory is only concerned with free radicals such as superoxide ( O2− ), but it has since been expanded to encompass oxidative damage from other reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), or peroxynitrite (OONO−).Denham Harman first proposed the free radical theory of aging in the 1950s, and in the 1970s extended the idea to implicate mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species.In some model organisms, such as yeast and Drosophila, there is evidence that reducing oxidative damage can extend lifespan. In mice, interventions that enhance oxidative damage generally shorten lifespan. However, in roundworms (Caenorhabditis elegans), blocking the production of the naturally occurring antioxidant superoxide dismutase has recently been shown to increase lifespan. Whether reducing oxidative damage below normal levels is sufficient to extend lifespan remains an open and controversial question.