PDF File - Computational Biochemistry Group
... glycyl radical prosthetic group, but the function of these clusters remained elusive [Andrei et al., 2004]. In 2006, the decarboxylase and AE from C. scatologenes were produced in E. coli and characterized [Yu et al., 2006]. EPR spectroscopy corroborated the presence of two [4Fe-4S] clusters in the ...
... glycyl radical prosthetic group, but the function of these clusters remained elusive [Andrei et al., 2004]. In 2006, the decarboxylase and AE from C. scatologenes were produced in E. coli and characterized [Yu et al., 2006]. EPR spectroscopy corroborated the presence of two [4Fe-4S] clusters in the ...
Lipid metabolism in the elderly
... reduced capacity to mobilize free fatty acids from adipose tissue stores. Reduced free fatty acid mobilization may, in turn, decrease fat oxidation by limiting substrate supply (Groop et al, 1991). However, when the age-related impairment in free fatty acid mobilization is examined in the context of ...
... reduced capacity to mobilize free fatty acids from adipose tissue stores. Reduced free fatty acid mobilization may, in turn, decrease fat oxidation by limiting substrate supply (Groop et al, 1991). However, when the age-related impairment in free fatty acid mobilization is examined in the context of ...
Translating the basic knowledge of mitochondrial functions to
... (Fig 1). They serve as the major site of adenosine-5’-triphosph (ATP) production by pyruvate and fatty acid (FA) metabolism through the Krebs cycle and the process of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS).1 The metabolism of FA and glucose involves the breakdown of these molecules by beta-oxidation and ...
... (Fig 1). They serve as the major site of adenosine-5’-triphosph (ATP) production by pyruvate and fatty acid (FA) metabolism through the Krebs cycle and the process of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS).1 The metabolism of FA and glucose involves the breakdown of these molecules by beta-oxidation and ...
Cardiac ultrastructure, metabolism and O2
... ventricles of several species of icefishes (Sidell et al., 1997; Moylan and Sidell, 2000). Our laboratory has recently examined hearts from 13 of the 15 known species of channicthyid icefishes, and we have determined that myoglobin is expressed in eight of these species (Moylan and Sidell, 2000). Du ...
... ventricles of several species of icefishes (Sidell et al., 1997; Moylan and Sidell, 2000). Our laboratory has recently examined hearts from 13 of the 15 known species of channicthyid icefishes, and we have determined that myoglobin is expressed in eight of these species (Moylan and Sidell, 2000). Du ...
Development of CassiaExtract as an Ingredient to
... Skin Capillaries Play an Important Role as a Nutrient Supply Route Skin capillaries are responsible for supplying sufficient nutrients throughout the skin to the extremities and are made up of a double-layer structure incorporating vascular endothelial cells surrounded by pericytes. When the structu ...
... Skin Capillaries Play an Important Role as a Nutrient Supply Route Skin capillaries are responsible for supplying sufficient nutrients throughout the skin to the extremities and are made up of a double-layer structure incorporating vascular endothelial cells surrounded by pericytes. When the structu ...
IBB 40(5) 354-357
... (Fig. 2B). The sinusoids were also dilated, while CCl4treated rats given TCW had normal liver lobule with no fatty changes or necrosis (Fig. 2C). Most of the mammals have an effective mechanism to prevent and neutralize the free radical- induced damage, which is accomplished by a set of endogenous e ...
... (Fig. 2B). The sinusoids were also dilated, while CCl4treated rats given TCW had normal liver lobule with no fatty changes or necrosis (Fig. 2C). Most of the mammals have an effective mechanism to prevent and neutralize the free radical- induced damage, which is accomplished by a set of endogenous e ...
Mitochondrial Medicine Arrives to Prime Time in Clinical Care
... into pyruvate/lactate; (2) pyruvate dehydrogenase complex— enzymatic and nutrient-dependent conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA; (3) Krebs/citric acid cycle—intramitochondrial enzymatic degradation of acetyl-CoA into its constituent carbon and hydrogen atoms to fuel ATP production; leading finally ...
... into pyruvate/lactate; (2) pyruvate dehydrogenase complex— enzymatic and nutrient-dependent conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA; (3) Krebs/citric acid cycle—intramitochondrial enzymatic degradation of acetyl-CoA into its constituent carbon and hydrogen atoms to fuel ATP production; leading finally ...
Mitochondrial Medicine Arrives to Prime Time in Clinical Care
... into pyruvate/lactate; (2) pyruvate dehydrogenase complex— enzymatic and nutrient-dependent conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA; (3) Krebs/citric acid cycle—intramitochondrial enzymatic degradation of acetyl-CoA into its constituent carbon and hydrogen atoms to fuel ATP production; leading finally ...
... into pyruvate/lactate; (2) pyruvate dehydrogenase complex— enzymatic and nutrient-dependent conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA; (3) Krebs/citric acid cycle—intramitochondrial enzymatic degradation of acetyl-CoA into its constituent carbon and hydrogen atoms to fuel ATP production; leading finally ...
Mitochondrial permeability transition pore
... characterized the mitochondrial permeability transition in beef heart mitochondria. In 1987, Martin Crompton et al. implied that the pore is a unique molecular entity that allows the passage of any molecule of <1500daltons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. ...
... characterized the mitochondrial permeability transition in beef heart mitochondria. In 1987, Martin Crompton et al. implied that the pore is a unique molecular entity that allows the passage of any molecule of <1500daltons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. ...
The Role of Nitric Oxide in the Maintenance of Vasoactive Balance
... the activation of NAD(P)H oxidase, xanthine oxidase, lipoxygenase, uncoupled NO synthase, and mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes. With respect to arterial hypertension development, NAD(P)H oxidase seems to be the main enzyme responsible for superoxide production (Lassegue and Griendling 2004) ( ...
... the activation of NAD(P)H oxidase, xanthine oxidase, lipoxygenase, uncoupled NO synthase, and mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes. With respect to arterial hypertension development, NAD(P)H oxidase seems to be the main enzyme responsible for superoxide production (Lassegue and Griendling 2004) ( ...
as a PDF
... cause a reduction in glycolysis, which results in reduced pyruvate levels [8]. The reduction in the amount of NADPH may cause an inhibition in enzymes which are NADPH-dependent and may also lead to a shortage of the NADPH available for the many pathways in which it is involved. A high level of gluco ...
... cause a reduction in glycolysis, which results in reduced pyruvate levels [8]. The reduction in the amount of NADPH may cause an inhibition in enzymes which are NADPH-dependent and may also lead to a shortage of the NADPH available for the many pathways in which it is involved. A high level of gluco ...
Mitochondria and mammalian reproduction
... Although descriptive studies, or those that consider cells outside of their biological context (isolated from tissue architecture, grown in nutrient-rich media, under normoxia), must be interpreted with caution, it is well known that different testicular cells have morphologically different mitochon ...
... Although descriptive studies, or those that consider cells outside of their biological context (isolated from tissue architecture, grown in nutrient-rich media, under normoxia), must be interpreted with caution, it is well known that different testicular cells have morphologically different mitochon ...
The role of mitochondrial hexokinase II in ischemia - UvA-DARE
... protein signaling cascades leading to cell death. Furthermore, the mPTP opening leads to cellular ATP depletion at this moment. Whether Ca2+m levels will normalize depends on the damage done to SR Ca2+i handling proteins during ischemia and whether ATP levels are restored. If Ca2+i uptake by SR is d ...
... protein signaling cascades leading to cell death. Furthermore, the mPTP opening leads to cellular ATP depletion at this moment. Whether Ca2+m levels will normalize depends on the damage done to SR Ca2+i handling proteins during ischemia and whether ATP levels are restored. If Ca2+i uptake by SR is d ...
Chapter 19a Oxidative Phosphorylation and
... Mitochondrial genes are inherited from both maternal and paternal sources. rRNA and tRNA are imported from the cytoplasm and used in mitochondrial protein synthesis. The mitochondrial genome codes for all proteins found in mitochondria. The mitochondrial genome is not subject to mutations. ...
... Mitochondrial genes are inherited from both maternal and paternal sources. rRNA and tRNA are imported from the cytoplasm and used in mitochondrial protein synthesis. The mitochondrial genome codes for all proteins found in mitochondria. The mitochondrial genome is not subject to mutations. ...
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Title: Luteolin attenuate the D
... (Wills 1966). The MDA content was measured by reaction with thiobarbituric acid at the wavelength of 532 nm. The results were expressed as nmol/mg protein. 1.6 Superoxide dismutase activity SOD activity was assayed according to the method of Kono (Kono 1978) wherein the reduction of nitroblue tetraz ...
... (Wills 1966). The MDA content was measured by reaction with thiobarbituric acid at the wavelength of 532 nm. The results were expressed as nmol/mg protein. 1.6 Superoxide dismutase activity SOD activity was assayed according to the method of Kono (Kono 1978) wherein the reduction of nitroblue tetraz ...
changing the culture of aging
... scrambling to find ways to alter the structure of public policies and social programming. There are several examples of how this concern has been revealed. Policies shifted during the last several decades from supporting mandated retirement to supporting incentives for people to stay in the work for ...
... scrambling to find ways to alter the structure of public policies and social programming. There are several examples of how this concern has been revealed. Policies shifted during the last several decades from supporting mandated retirement to supporting incentives for people to stay in the work for ...
The Role of Nitric Oxide in the Maintenance of
... NO-deficient hypertension, yet without improving NO synthase activity. It was suggested that both inhibition of Ang II and enhancement of PGI2 mediated by increased bradykinin level may be responsible for observed protective effect of captopril. In the regression experiment, three weeks of spontaneo ...
... NO-deficient hypertension, yet without improving NO synthase activity. It was suggested that both inhibition of Ang II and enhancement of PGI2 mediated by increased bradykinin level may be responsible for observed protective effect of captopril. In the regression experiment, three weeks of spontaneo ...
abstract
... Inflammation is a complex physiological phenomenon involving chemical and enzymatic mechanisms. During this event, Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil Leukocytes (PMNs) play an important role by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and releasing myeloperoxidase (MPO), an oxidant enzyme. The latter one h ...
... Inflammation is a complex physiological phenomenon involving chemical and enzymatic mechanisms. During this event, Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil Leukocytes (PMNs) play an important role by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and releasing myeloperoxidase (MPO), an oxidant enzyme. The latter one h ...
Anaerobic protists and hidden mitochondria
... an organelle genome (León-Avila & Tovar, 2004), suggesting that reduction in organelle function was accompanied by loss of the genome. It is clear from several studies that these so-called anaerobes do encounter varying amounts of oxygen and therefore must have the ability to survive the effects of ...
... an organelle genome (León-Avila & Tovar, 2004), suggesting that reduction in organelle function was accompanied by loss of the genome. It is clear from several studies that these so-called anaerobes do encounter varying amounts of oxygen and therefore must have the ability to survive the effects of ...
Home - NeuroImmune Alliance
... mutations in fatty acid beta-oxidation enzymes started to be elucidated in the 1970s and 1980s. Many aspects are still unknown.10 While many inherited genetic mitochondrial disorders occur in the mitochondria of all cells in the body, some are limited to specific cell sites, such as the eye, motor n ...
... mutations in fatty acid beta-oxidation enzymes started to be elucidated in the 1970s and 1980s. Many aspects are still unknown.10 While many inherited genetic mitochondrial disorders occur in the mitochondria of all cells in the body, some are limited to specific cell sites, such as the eye, motor n ...
MITOCHONDRIAL DISORDERS - A Review of Anesthetic Considerations - Introduction
... abnormalities in the brain stem, cerebellum, and basal ganglia, and often accompanied by elevated lactic acid levels in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid. Leigh syndrome may be caused by the NARP mutation, the MERRF mutation, complex I deficiency, cytochrome oxidase (COX) deficiency, pyruvate dehydro ...
... abnormalities in the brain stem, cerebellum, and basal ganglia, and often accompanied by elevated lactic acid levels in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid. Leigh syndrome may be caused by the NARP mutation, the MERRF mutation, complex I deficiency, cytochrome oxidase (COX) deficiency, pyruvate dehydro ...
Use of mitochondrial electron transport mutants
... oxidation could be coupled to the mitochondrial electron transport chain without a huge increase in overall electron transfer rates relative to those that are commonly observed in darkened leaves (Table 1). This is because (1) only half the Gly produced must be oxidized, (2) at least part of the red ...
... oxidation could be coupled to the mitochondrial electron transport chain without a huge increase in overall electron transfer rates relative to those that are commonly observed in darkened leaves (Table 1). This is because (1) only half the Gly produced must be oxidized, (2) at least part of the red ...
21 Reasons to Drink Ningxia Red - Dynamic LIFE
... 17. Reduces pain caused by inflammation because the berry contains BetaSitosteral, a remarkable anti-inflammatory. 18. The NingXia Wolfberry is high in protein, more then some grains, and protein is an essential cellular building block. 19. The NingXia Wolfberry, unlike most berries, contains natura ...
... 17. Reduces pain caused by inflammation because the berry contains BetaSitosteral, a remarkable anti-inflammatory. 18. The NingXia Wolfberry is high in protein, more then some grains, and protein is an essential cellular building block. 19. The NingXia Wolfberry, unlike most berries, contains natura ...
Inborn defects in the antioxidant systems of human red blood cells
... Red blood cells (RBCs) contain large amounts of iron and operate in highly oxygenated tissues. As a result, these cells encounter a continuous oxidative stress. Protective mechanisms against oxidation include prevention of formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), scavenging of various forms of RO ...
... Red blood cells (RBCs) contain large amounts of iron and operate in highly oxygenated tissues. As a result, these cells encounter a continuous oxidative stress. Protective mechanisms against oxidation include prevention of formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), scavenging of various forms of RO ...
Free-radical theory of aging
The free radical theory of aging (FRTA) states that organisms age because cells accumulate free radical damage over time. A free radical is any atom or molecule that has a single unpaired electron in an outer shell. While a few free radicals such as melanin are not chemically reactive, most biologically-relevant free radicals are highly reactive. For most biological structures, free radical damage is closely associated with oxidative damage. Antioxidants are reducing agents, and limit oxidative damage to biological structures by passivating them from free radicals.Strictly speaking, the free radical theory is only concerned with free radicals such as superoxide ( O2− ), but it has since been expanded to encompass oxidative damage from other reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), or peroxynitrite (OONO−).Denham Harman first proposed the free radical theory of aging in the 1950s, and in the 1970s extended the idea to implicate mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species.In some model organisms, such as yeast and Drosophila, there is evidence that reducing oxidative damage can extend lifespan. In mice, interventions that enhance oxidative damage generally shorten lifespan. However, in roundworms (Caenorhabditis elegans), blocking the production of the naturally occurring antioxidant superoxide dismutase has recently been shown to increase lifespan. Whether reducing oxidative damage below normal levels is sufficient to extend lifespan remains an open and controversial question.