Metabolomic and flux‐balance analysis of age‐related decline of
... fly genes have been discovered that are similar in sequence and function to human genes for regulation of metabolism, signalling, and transcription during hypoxia (Wingrove and O’Farrell, 1999; Lavista-Llanos et al, 2002; Pan and Hardie, 2002). Although the hypoxia response in flies and humans seems t ...
... fly genes have been discovered that are similar in sequence and function to human genes for regulation of metabolism, signalling, and transcription during hypoxia (Wingrove and O’Farrell, 1999; Lavista-Llanos et al, 2002; Pan and Hardie, 2002). Although the hypoxia response in flies and humans seems t ...
Hepatotoxicity Induced by Arsenic Trioxide in Adult Mice and Their
... arsenic dose used in our experiment represented 1/4 of oral LD50 in mice [18]. Before starting the treatment we have tested different doses of arsenic. No toxic effects and no oxidative stress were observed in pups whose mothers were treated by 100 ppm of Arsenic (1/7 of LD50). From 175 ppm of As2O3 ...
... arsenic dose used in our experiment represented 1/4 of oral LD50 in mice [18]. Before starting the treatment we have tested different doses of arsenic. No toxic effects and no oxidative stress were observed in pups whose mothers were treated by 100 ppm of Arsenic (1/7 of LD50). From 175 ppm of As2O3 ...
Structure-Functional Study of Tyrosine and Methionine Dipeptides
... substances, as well as quantum-chemical calculations of the molecular and electronic descriptors. The selection of the analyzed descriptors was based on the existing data on electronic and thermodynamic parameters of the process of electrophilic substitution in aromatic systems (Mulliken charge dist ...
... substances, as well as quantum-chemical calculations of the molecular and electronic descriptors. The selection of the analyzed descriptors was based on the existing data on electronic and thermodynamic parameters of the process of electrophilic substitution in aromatic systems (Mulliken charge dist ...
Genetic defects causing mitochondrial respiratory
... Figure 3. Replicative segregation and the threshold effect. Mitochondria (and the mtDNA within them) are generally considered to function as genetically discrete units and to replicate by a process of budding. During cell division, mitochondria behave stochastically, i.e. they segregate in a random ...
... Figure 3. Replicative segregation and the threshold effect. Mitochondria (and the mtDNA within them) are generally considered to function as genetically discrete units and to replicate by a process of budding. During cell division, mitochondria behave stochastically, i.e. they segregate in a random ...
Total antioxidant activity, phenolic, flavonoid and ascorbic acid
... The antioxidant studies of different vegetables in Nigeria have been done. This study focused on total antioxidant activity in Nigerian local vegetables (Table 2). Total antioxidant activity of the vegetables ranged from 22.15% ...
... The antioxidant studies of different vegetables in Nigeria have been done. This study focused on total antioxidant activity in Nigerian local vegetables (Table 2). Total antioxidant activity of the vegetables ranged from 22.15% ...
The impact of sperm metabolism during in vitro storage: the stallion
... Spermatozoa are highly specialised mammalian cells, playing the vital roles of paternal DNA delivery and activation of the oocyte following fertilisation. The site of sperm deposition (in the vagina for the human and the uterus for the horse) is physically removed from the site of fertilisation (the ...
... Spermatozoa are highly specialised mammalian cells, playing the vital roles of paternal DNA delivery and activation of the oocyte following fertilisation. The site of sperm deposition (in the vagina for the human and the uterus for the horse) is physically removed from the site of fertilisation (the ...
Introduction to Carbohydrates
... aerobic metabolism, through reactions with drugs & environmental toxins, or when level of antioxidants is diminished, all creating the condition “oxidative stress”. - The highly reactive oxygen intermediates can cause serious chemical damage to DNA, proteins, & unsaturated lipids, and can lead to ce ...
... aerobic metabolism, through reactions with drugs & environmental toxins, or when level of antioxidants is diminished, all creating the condition “oxidative stress”. - The highly reactive oxygen intermediates can cause serious chemical damage to DNA, proteins, & unsaturated lipids, and can lead to ce ...
Document
... genome of the protist Plasmodium falciparum consists of fewer than 6000 base pairs (6 kbp), whereas those of some land plants comprise more than 200 kbp (Figure 18.4). Human mitochondrial DNA comprises 16,569 bp and encodes 13 respiratory-chain proteins as well as the small and large ribosomal RNAs ...
... genome of the protist Plasmodium falciparum consists of fewer than 6000 base pairs (6 kbp), whereas those of some land plants comprise more than 200 kbp (Figure 18.4). Human mitochondrial DNA comprises 16,569 bp and encodes 13 respiratory-chain proteins as well as the small and large ribosomal RNAs ...
Reducing Cyanide*Dependent ROS Production in Transgenic
... of reduced nitrogen in cassava The oxidative burst in wounded cassava roots is induced by cyanide release Reducing cyanide-induced ROS production via expression of Alternate oxidase Reducing cyanide-induced ROS may be a strategy to control postharvest physiological deterioration in cassava ...
... of reduced nitrogen in cassava The oxidative burst in wounded cassava roots is induced by cyanide release Reducing cyanide-induced ROS production via expression of Alternate oxidase Reducing cyanide-induced ROS may be a strategy to control postharvest physiological deterioration in cassava ...
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF PHYTOCHEMICALS AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF CLERODENDRUM COLEBROOKIANUM
... development of novel drugs[1]. Normally formed as resultant byproducts of a plethora of metabolic processes, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), apart from playing a beneficial role in physiological processes, are more pronounced for their detrimental effects on li ...
... development of novel drugs[1]. Normally formed as resultant byproducts of a plethora of metabolic processes, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), apart from playing a beneficial role in physiological processes, are more pronounced for their detrimental effects on li ...
Mitochondrial Functions in Mood Disorders
... plex that enables interaction with mitochondrial membranes and the electron transport chain (ETC) in OXPHOS [17]. Most of the TCA enzymes provide other additional “moon‐ lighting” functions, e.g. they stabilize the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or are associated with mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA) translatio ...
... plex that enables interaction with mitochondrial membranes and the electron transport chain (ETC) in OXPHOS [17]. Most of the TCA enzymes provide other additional “moon‐ lighting” functions, e.g. they stabilize the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or are associated with mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA) translatio ...
Mitochondrial cytopathy in adults: What we know so far
... patients have minimal objective findings, possibly because fatigability is difficult to quantify in a physician’s office. Only in severe cases or late in the course of the illness are gross muscle bulk and strength reduced. However, a careful physical examination early on may reveal doughy muscle co ...
... patients have minimal objective findings, possibly because fatigability is difficult to quantify in a physician’s office. Only in severe cases or late in the course of the illness are gross muscle bulk and strength reduced. However, a careful physical examination early on may reveal doughy muscle co ...
INTRODUCTION
... The DNA strands in mitochondria are not well protected e.g. by chromatin as in the nucleus, but instead are bundled with several DNA-binding proteins into so-called nucleoids. These nucleoids are irregular ellipsoidal in shape and typically contain a single copy of mtDNA encased in the mitochondrial ...
... The DNA strands in mitochondria are not well protected e.g. by chromatin as in the nucleus, but instead are bundled with several DNA-binding proteins into so-called nucleoids. These nucleoids are irregular ellipsoidal in shape and typically contain a single copy of mtDNA encased in the mitochondrial ...
Pineau B, Bourge M, Marion J, Mauve C, Gilard F, Maneta
... Zhong et al., 2004; Sharpley et al., 2006) and to stabilize respiratory chain supercomplexes (Pfeiffer et al., 2003; Gebert et al., 2009). We compared the accumulation of respiratory CI and CI/CIII in Col-0 and the cls1 mutant by blue native electrophoresis (Figure 6). In dodecyl maltoside–solubiliz ...
... Zhong et al., 2004; Sharpley et al., 2006) and to stabilize respiratory chain supercomplexes (Pfeiffer et al., 2003; Gebert et al., 2009). We compared the accumulation of respiratory CI and CI/CIII in Col-0 and the cls1 mutant by blue native electrophoresis (Figure 6). In dodecyl maltoside–solubiliz ...
Oxidation of Fatty Acids Is the Source of Increased
... in developing DN, have increased expression of genes involved in mitochondrial FA oxidation (16). The data suggest an energy fuel preference in diabetes favoring fat oxidation at the expense of glycolysis. The enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) catalyzes the rate-controlling step in the ...
... in developing DN, have increased expression of genes involved in mitochondrial FA oxidation (16). The data suggest an energy fuel preference in diabetes favoring fat oxidation at the expense of glycolysis. The enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) catalyzes the rate-controlling step in the ...
PIPER INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS LONGUM
... functions and is the frequent target for a number of toxicants1.Hepatic damage is associated with distortion of these metabolic functions. The disorders associated with the liver are numerous and varied 2.Liver disease is still a worldwide health problem.Unfortunately, conventional or synthetic drug ...
... functions and is the frequent target for a number of toxicants1.Hepatic damage is associated with distortion of these metabolic functions. The disorders associated with the liver are numerous and varied 2.Liver disease is still a worldwide health problem.Unfortunately, conventional or synthetic drug ...
The Importance of Cardiolipin Synthase for Mitochondrial
... Zhong et al., 2004; Sharpley et al., 2006) and to stabilize respiratory chain supercomplexes (Pfeiffer et al., 2003; Gebert et al., 2009). We compared the accumulation of respiratory CI and CI/CIII in Col-0 and the cls1 mutant by blue native electrophoresis (Figure 6). In dodecyl maltoside–solubiliz ...
... Zhong et al., 2004; Sharpley et al., 2006) and to stabilize respiratory chain supercomplexes (Pfeiffer et al., 2003; Gebert et al., 2009). We compared the accumulation of respiratory CI and CI/CIII in Col-0 and the cls1 mutant by blue native electrophoresis (Figure 6). In dodecyl maltoside–solubiliz ...
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... Abstract: This study investigated changes the in vitro antioxidant activity of Hippocampus polypeptides during enzymatic hydrolysis, including the effects of enzyme species, enzyme concentration, material–liquid ratio, hydrolysis time, pH, and temperature of the reaction system. Its in vivo anti-fat ...
... Abstract: This study investigated changes the in vitro antioxidant activity of Hippocampus polypeptides during enzymatic hydrolysis, including the effects of enzyme species, enzyme concentration, material–liquid ratio, hydrolysis time, pH, and temperature of the reaction system. Its in vivo anti-fat ...
UV-A Sunscreen from Red Algae for Protection against Premature
... matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). A decrease in collagen content and fiber fragmentation ultimately leads to the typical signs of photoaging. ROS are formed after absorption of UV through skin chromophors, like urocanic acid or DNA. When UV light is absorbed by trans-urocanic acid (absorption maximu ...
... matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). A decrease in collagen content and fiber fragmentation ultimately leads to the typical signs of photoaging. ROS are formed after absorption of UV through skin chromophors, like urocanic acid or DNA. When UV light is absorbed by trans-urocanic acid (absorption maximu ...
Transcriptomic Footprints Disclose Specificity of Reactive Oxygen
... ROS with documented signaling functions include H2O2, singlet oxygen (1O2), hydroxyl radical (OH), and superoxide anion radical (O22; Laloi et al., 2004). Chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes are organelles with highly oxidizing metabolic activities or with intense rate of electron flow and ...
... ROS with documented signaling functions include H2O2, singlet oxygen (1O2), hydroxyl radical (OH), and superoxide anion radical (O22; Laloi et al., 2004). Chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes are organelles with highly oxidizing metabolic activities or with intense rate of electron flow and ...
Questa è la versione dell`autore dell`opera: [Chemical Reviews
... Radicals are chemical species containing one or more unpaired electrons which generally react via electron pairing or electron transfer mechanisms. A charged radical is called a radical ion. Radical and radical ions are key species in a number of important chemical and biochemical processes ranging ...
... Radicals are chemical species containing one or more unpaired electrons which generally react via electron pairing or electron transfer mechanisms. A charged radical is called a radical ion. Radical and radical ions are key species in a number of important chemical and biochemical processes ranging ...
O A RIGINAL RTICLE
... biological damage by reactive oxygen metabolites are reaction with unsaturated lipid peroxidation and thus their peroxidation. This effect caused changes in membrane fluidity and finally membrane molecules are permeable to even as large as enzymes. [11]. Cinnamon plant with the scientific name Cinna ...
... biological damage by reactive oxygen metabolites are reaction with unsaturated lipid peroxidation and thus their peroxidation. This effect caused changes in membrane fluidity and finally membrane molecules are permeable to even as large as enzymes. [11]. Cinnamon plant with the scientific name Cinna ...
ENERGY-PRODUCING ABILITY OF BACTERIA
... Following the absorption of light, the electrons stored in the H2O molecules are released and transported to nictotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+). The reduction of the latter generates NADPH, a critical reducing factor while the movement of the e-, a process facilitated by the electron carri ...
... Following the absorption of light, the electrons stored in the H2O molecules are released and transported to nictotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+). The reduction of the latter generates NADPH, a critical reducing factor while the movement of the e-, a process facilitated by the electron carri ...
Catalase from bovine liver (C1345) - Product - Sigma
... Precautions and Disclaimer For Laboratory Use Only. Not for drug, household or other uses. Preparation Instructions This enzyme is soluble in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 (1 mg/ml). Storage/Stability Solutions of catalase should not be frozen. Freezing stock solutions will cause a 50-70% ...
... Precautions and Disclaimer For Laboratory Use Only. Not for drug, household or other uses. Preparation Instructions This enzyme is soluble in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 (1 mg/ml). Storage/Stability Solutions of catalase should not be frozen. Freezing stock solutions will cause a 50-70% ...
Free-radical theory of aging
The free radical theory of aging (FRTA) states that organisms age because cells accumulate free radical damage over time. A free radical is any atom or molecule that has a single unpaired electron in an outer shell. While a few free radicals such as melanin are not chemically reactive, most biologically-relevant free radicals are highly reactive. For most biological structures, free radical damage is closely associated with oxidative damage. Antioxidants are reducing agents, and limit oxidative damage to biological structures by passivating them from free radicals.Strictly speaking, the free radical theory is only concerned with free radicals such as superoxide ( O2− ), but it has since been expanded to encompass oxidative damage from other reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), or peroxynitrite (OONO−).Denham Harman first proposed the free radical theory of aging in the 1950s, and in the 1970s extended the idea to implicate mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species.In some model organisms, such as yeast and Drosophila, there is evidence that reducing oxidative damage can extend lifespan. In mice, interventions that enhance oxidative damage generally shorten lifespan. However, in roundworms (Caenorhabditis elegans), blocking the production of the naturally occurring antioxidant superoxide dismutase has recently been shown to increase lifespan. Whether reducing oxidative damage below normal levels is sufficient to extend lifespan remains an open and controversial question.