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... There are currently two methods available in the standard GTAP model for allocating global saving across regional investment. The first method allocates global saving across investment so that percentage changes2 in the nominal rates of return expected for the period following the solution period (‘ ...
The Employer of Last Resort Program: Could it work for developing
The Employer of Last Resort Program: Could it work for developing

Vale SA (Form: 6-K, Received: 10/24/2012 17:26:31)
Vale SA (Form: 6-K, Received: 10/24/2012 17:26:31)

... We have reviewed the accompanying balance sheet of Vale S.A. (the “Company”) as of September 30, 2012 and the related statements of income and comprehensive income for the quarter and nine-month periods then ended, and the statements of changes in equity and cash flows for the nine-month period then ...
The Elusive Gains from International Financial Integration
The Elusive Gains from International Financial Integration

... These questions are crucial in assessing the welfare impact of capital account opening and can be addressed only by looking at the data through the lenses of a model. Our results are consistent with the recent developments in the literature on growth and convergence in international perspective. In ...
MACD BASED DOLLAR COST AVERAGING STRATEGY
MACD BASED DOLLAR COST AVERAGING STRATEGY

... help the SET to enjoy greater stability. Hence, LTF investors who are ordinary persons will be entitled to tax benefits as investment motivators under the terms that they are required to hold the investment units for no less than five calendar years with no requirement for a full five accounting yea ...
Long Term Capital Gains Tax Strategies
Long Term Capital Gains Tax Strategies

... Sufficient Gains on Investment to Cover Cost of Put Assume an investor owns a security, which created paper profit over part of a year holding period, but he/she believes the security value will fall during the remainder of the year, reducing or eliminating the paper profit. The investor wants to ta ...
Sector-specific Multiples
Sector-specific Multiples

... profit margins than on expected profit margins. If a firm’s current margins are highly correlated with future margins – a firm that has earned high margins historically will continue to do so, and one that have earned low margins historically will also continue to do so – using current margins and c ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES FISCAL POLICY AND MONETARY INTEGRATION IN EUROPE Jordi Gali
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES FISCAL POLICY AND MONETARY INTEGRATION IN EUROPE Jordi Gali

... The fiscal apparatus of the European Monetary Union – as embedded in the Maastricht Treaty (MT) and the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP)1 – is increasingly regarded by many as an unnecessary and harmful straightjacket on national fiscal policies, or even as downright ‘stupid’.2 The SGP, the argument ...
Agustín S. Bénétrix IIIS, Trinity College Dublin Philip R. Lane
Agustín S. Bénétrix IIIS, Trinity College Dublin Philip R. Lane

... year. Second, the use of annual data reduces the role of anticipation effects. Blanchard and Perotti (2002) test for the existence of anticipated fiscal policy with future values of estimated fiscal shocks using quarterly frequency. To this end, they include future values of a dummy variable that me ...
What drives the German current account?
What drives the German current account?

... Several hypotheses about the causes of Germany's external surplus have been debated in the policy and academic literature. Those causes have mostly been discussed separately, although in reality these drivers can operate jointly. Our estimated model allows us to recover the shocks that drive the Ger ...
International migration
International migration

... impact of pull and push factors on emigration rates.6 The asymmetry is a familiar puzzle. For example, it has been documented in several works in the literature on internal migration (see, for example, Hunt (2006) and the papers referenced in its footnote 4). Based on the existing literature, there ...
The Influence of IMF Programs on the Re
The Influence of IMF Programs on the Re

... accepting Fund conditionality immediately prior to them. This could be because politicians and their electorate have different expectations regarding the effects of the program. Whereas voters expect a worsening of their personal situation, governments expect benefits from the arrangement to prevail. ...
Benefits of Private Equity for the European Economy
Benefits of Private Equity for the European Economy

... unemployment etc. Governments, private individuals, and companies alike have to manage increasing struggles, in a market that is stagnating. The difficult situation of the European banking system is having an impact on the real economy, as financing for companies is hard to obtain, tampering growth ...
Social budgeting - Social Protection Platform
Social budgeting - Social Protection Platform

paper - Pascal Michaillat
paper - Pascal Michaillat

... unemployment is high, sellers do not sell much, which pushes them to reduce their prices to attract customers, thus generating low inflation. Conversely, when unemployment is low, sellers sell a lot but at a low price, which pushes them to increase their prices and take advantage of the long queues ...
Fiva-ngs05  762327 en
Fiva-ngs05 762327 en

... A large literature in public finance going back to Stigler (1957) and Musgrave (1959) has warned against the consequences of decentralized responsibility for redistribution. Policies that are redistributive in nature give rise to a phenomenon that resembles adverse selection: net beneficiaries of re ...
Monetary Policy Spillovers and the Trilemma in the New Normal
Monetary Policy Spillovers and the Trilemma in the New Normal

... the late 2000s, the correlations appear to be trendless for these countries. Long-term interest rates across countries, including both developed and developing countries, were highly correlated during the Great Moderation period. Figure 3 is an interesting picture. It illustrates the comparable corr ...
EU Economy Review 2006 – Adjustment Dynamics in the Euro Area
EU Economy Review 2006 – Adjustment Dynamics in the Euro Area

... monetary conditions. As this occurs, there is a period when national real interest rates shift in a perverse direction (e.g., declining in a boom). This effect, which is complex to measure, has somewhat less impact than anticipated in explaining prolonged imbalances or gradual adjustment. Nonetheles ...
8.5 Financial Measures 57. A firm earning a profit can increase its
8.5 Financial Measures 57. A firm earning a profit can increase its

... Answer (B) is correct. (CMA, adapted) REQUIRED: The item most likely not incorporated into the calculation of a division’s investment base. DISCUSSION: The evaluation of an investment center is based upon the return generated by the assets employed. These assets include plant and equipment, inventor ...
Interest Rate Channel in Indonesia during Inflation - UvA-DARE
Interest Rate Channel in Indonesia during Inflation - UvA-DARE

... Monetary policy consists of rules and actions that are used by central banks to achieve their objective. Many central banks around the world have put more attention on the importance of having a stable price level so they set price stability as their ultimate objective. High level of uncertainty on ...
vsi10 roc Hung2  13364920 en
vsi10 roc Hung2 13364920 en

... China’s extraordinarily high national saving rate has been a subject of much concern and analysis. In March 2005, Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke proposed the notion that “savings glut” (i.e., too much saving than needed for domestic investment) in some part of the world – notably China and some oil-expor ...
DISCOUNT RATES IN PERSONAL INJURY CLAIMS
DISCOUNT RATES IN PERSONAL INJURY CLAIMS

... discount rates. In these provinces, there are several court cases that address how forensic accountants and economists calculate the discount rates. Based on these court cases, there are methods used by experts to determine the appropriate discount rate: (1) use discount rates based on previous cour ...
The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial
The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial

... 9) Explain what inflation targeting is. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this type of monetary policy strategy? Answer: There are five main elements to inflation targeting: 1. a public announcement of a medium-term target for the inflation rate; 2. a commitment to price stability as the ...
ARE WORKERS’ REMITTANCES A HEDGE AGAINST MACROECONOMIC SHOCKS?
ARE WORKERS’ REMITTANCES A HEDGE AGAINST MACROECONOMIC SHOCKS?

... exchange in the form of workers’ remittances. Over the last two decades, workers’ remittances have increased by an annual average of 10 per cent; since 1994, they constitute the largest source of foreign financing for the island. Some 4 per cent of the Sri Lankan population work abroad, mostly in th ...
COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Analysis of the
COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Analysis of the

... large deficit-improving one-off measure concerning a tax and social contributions debt recovery scheme worth 0.7% of GDP, resulting in a deficit net of one-offs of 5.1% of GDP. Overall, fiscal consolidation in 2013 mainly reflected strong tax revenue growth (notably of State tax revenue and social c ...
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Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
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