Monetary and Fiscal Policies in a Sudden Stop: Is tighter brigther
... calling for monetary and fiscal restraint in the face of external crises became strongly questioned. Should a country facing a sudden stop tighten its fiscal and monetary policies? Or conversely, should it relax those policies in order to attenuate the output contraction that typically occurs during ...
... calling for monetary and fiscal restraint in the face of external crises became strongly questioned. Should a country facing a sudden stop tighten its fiscal and monetary policies? Or conversely, should it relax those policies in order to attenuate the output contraction that typically occurs during ...
keynesian multiplier effects
... We can plug the appropriate number into the Government Spending Multiplier and come up with a useful number. ...
... We can plug the appropriate number into the Government Spending Multiplier and come up with a useful number. ...
National Saving - Cloudfront.net
... What We Want It To? • It is difficult to distinguish between a person who is unemployed and a person who is not in the labor force. • Discouraged workers, people who would like to work but have given up looking for jobs after an unsuccessful search, don’t show up in unemployment statistics. • Other ...
... What We Want It To? • It is difficult to distinguish between a person who is unemployed and a person who is not in the labor force. • Discouraged workers, people who would like to work but have given up looking for jobs after an unsuccessful search, don’t show up in unemployment statistics. • Other ...
1. Introduction
... This tentatively reassuring statement needs nonetheless to be qualified in various ways. The profile of savings may be altered, for instance, if it is expressed relative to numeraires other than GDP. For instance, with the declining trend in net factor income from abroad, gross saving to national in ...
... This tentatively reassuring statement needs nonetheless to be qualified in various ways. The profile of savings may be altered, for instance, if it is expressed relative to numeraires other than GDP. For instance, with the declining trend in net factor income from abroad, gross saving to national in ...
Chapter 22 - Samuel Moon Jung
... slopes down with respect to the inflation rate. Be sure to discuss two channels through which changes in inflation rates affect demand. Answer: A fall in the inflation rate lowers real interest rates. Lower rates increase investment, thereby increasing aggregate demand. Lower interest rates also cau ...
... slopes down with respect to the inflation rate. Be sure to discuss two channels through which changes in inflation rates affect demand. Answer: A fall in the inflation rate lowers real interest rates. Lower rates increase investment, thereby increasing aggregate demand. Lower interest rates also cau ...
Automatic Fiscal Stabilisers - European Commission
... The post-2007 economic and financial crisis has reopened the debate on the effectiveness of fiscal policy as a tool of stabilisation of economic activity, including the relative merits of discretionary action versus automatic stabilisation. On one side of the debate, people have argued that discreti ...
... The post-2007 economic and financial crisis has reopened the debate on the effectiveness of fiscal policy as a tool of stabilisation of economic activity, including the relative merits of discretionary action versus automatic stabilisation. On one side of the debate, people have argued that discreti ...
5 Progression in public provider-based tertiary
... 2.2 Factors influencing participation in education In terms of the economic cycle, there are potentially both direct and indirect effects on participation at the tertiary level. The indirect effect is where participation at senior secondary school increases as a result of an economic slowdown. As a ...
... 2.2 Factors influencing participation in education In terms of the economic cycle, there are potentially both direct and indirect effects on participation at the tertiary level. The indirect effect is where participation at senior secondary school increases as a result of an economic slowdown. As a ...
GCD Discount Rate - Global Credit Data
... discount rates in Section 4.2). The objective of the Working Group is the computation of observed LGDs based on the time value of money – here specific ( ...
... discount rates in Section 4.2). The objective of the Working Group is the computation of observed LGDs based on the time value of money – here specific ( ...
Small Business Failure Rates - The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance
... of industry; experience of owner; location, size, and age of business; debt levels; and the level of external advice received. The ultimate performance of a business will inevitably be impacted by these various factors. Given the difficulty obtaining suitable data on small businesses it is almost im ...
... of industry; experience of owner; location, size, and age of business; debt levels; and the level of external advice received. The ultimate performance of a business will inevitably be impacted by these various factors. Given the difficulty obtaining suitable data on small businesses it is almost im ...
Chapter 4 D : M
... 4.1 The annual budget indicates three types of deficits, viz. revenue, fiscal, and primary. This chapter discusses the nature and magnitude of these deficits, their trend over time and the manner of financing these deficits. Deficits arise because of imbalances in revenue and expenditure. These imba ...
... 4.1 The annual budget indicates three types of deficits, viz. revenue, fiscal, and primary. This chapter discusses the nature and magnitude of these deficits, their trend over time and the manner of financing these deficits. Deficits arise because of imbalances in revenue and expenditure. These imba ...
New Tax Rules for Offshore Portfolio Investment in Shares
... New Zealand. This could give higher income or more sophisticated taxpayers significant scope to minimise their tax burden by investing offshore. On the other hand, portfolio investment in some high growth and lower tax countries, including trading partners in Asia and Latin America, were over-taxed ...
... New Zealand. This could give higher income or more sophisticated taxpayers significant scope to minimise their tax burden by investing offshore. On the other hand, portfolio investment in some high growth and lower tax countries, including trading partners in Asia and Latin America, were over-taxed ...
The Real Sterling Crisis
... It has restricted exports by making them more expensive and stimulated imports by making them cheaper; it has therefore been a leading cause of the UK’s large current account deficit. ...
... It has restricted exports by making them more expensive and stimulated imports by making them cheaper; it has therefore been a leading cause of the UK’s large current account deficit. ...
the use of reserve requirements in an optimal monetary policy
... deposit interest rates, and, thereby on aggregate expenditure: x = x(i, z). This is a version of the IS curve in which the output gap is a function of the policy interest rate (i) and reserve requirements (z). According to the discussion of the foregoing section on the effects of reserve requirement ...
... deposit interest rates, and, thereby on aggregate expenditure: x = x(i, z). This is a version of the IS curve in which the output gap is a function of the policy interest rate (i) and reserve requirements (z). According to the discussion of the foregoing section on the effects of reserve requirement ...
Problems Applying Economic Concepts Solutions
... 23. According to Maddison, technical change is occurring more rapidly in Japan than in the United States because of: a. the technical effect. b. the agricultural effect. c. the back-wash effect. d. the structural effect. 24. The structural effect refers to: a. shifts in economic activity from one se ...
... 23. According to Maddison, technical change is occurring more rapidly in Japan than in the United States because of: a. the technical effect. b. the agricultural effect. c. the back-wash effect. d. the structural effect. 24. The structural effect refers to: a. shifts in economic activity from one se ...
Introduction - Furman University
... by how investors pay fees.1 A group of MS classes represents only one portfolio of assets, but each class is reported as a separate fund by commercial sources such as Lipper Co. and Morningstar because each has a different fee structure (i.e. expense ratios, 12b-1 fees, load structures, etc.) and th ...
... by how investors pay fees.1 A group of MS classes represents only one portfolio of assets, but each class is reported as a separate fund by commercial sources such as Lipper Co. and Morningstar because each has a different fee structure (i.e. expense ratios, 12b-1 fees, load structures, etc.) and th ...
On the determinants of firms` financial surpluses and deficits
... 1. Introduction and motivation According to macroeconomic predictions, non-financial corporations should usually act as net borrowers – with the net acquisition of financial assets smaller than the net incurrence of financial liabilities – in order to satisfy their financial needs and to realize in ...
... 1. Introduction and motivation According to macroeconomic predictions, non-financial corporations should usually act as net borrowers – with the net acquisition of financial assets smaller than the net incurrence of financial liabilities – in order to satisfy their financial needs and to realize in ...
Chapter 1: Introduction
... But not all central banks peg interest rates today. Not all central banks that peg interest rates today pegged them in the past. So the analysis of Chapter 10 is not complete, because it lacks a theory of what determines the real interest rate in those cases in which it is not the interest rate but ...
... But not all central banks peg interest rates today. Not all central banks that peg interest rates today pegged them in the past. So the analysis of Chapter 10 is not complete, because it lacks a theory of what determines the real interest rate in those cases in which it is not the interest rate but ...
Chapter 13 - the School of Economics and Finance
... also have their wages adjusted only once a year. If …rms adjust wages only slowly, a rise in the PL will increase the pro…tability of hiring more workers and producing more output, and a fall in the price level will decrease the pro…tability of hiring more workers and producing more output. 3. Menu ...
... also have their wages adjusted only once a year. If …rms adjust wages only slowly, a rise in the PL will increase the pro…tability of hiring more workers and producing more output, and a fall in the price level will decrease the pro…tability of hiring more workers and producing more output. 3. Menu ...
ABM INDUSTRIES INC /DE/ (Form: 10
... profit percentage. Tag work generally represents supplemental services requested by clients outside of the standard contract terms. Examples are clean up after tenant moves, construction clean up and snow removal. Tag work generally produces higher margins. Profit margins on contracts tend to be inv ...
... profit percentage. Tag work generally represents supplemental services requested by clients outside of the standard contract terms. Examples are clean up after tenant moves, construction clean up and snow removal. Tag work generally produces higher margins. Profit margins on contracts tend to be inv ...
Chap 31
... crowding out investment. B) lead to simultaneous increases in private saving and no effect on the equilibrium real interest rate and investment. C) lead to simultaneous decreases in private saving and decreases in the equilibrium real interest rate and investment. D) lead to a fall in the equilibriu ...
... crowding out investment. B) lead to simultaneous increases in private saving and no effect on the equilibrium real interest rate and investment. C) lead to simultaneous decreases in private saving and decreases in the equilibrium real interest rate and investment. D) lead to a fall in the equilibriu ...
Crisis and Consumption Smoothing
... etc., due to their high dependence on exports relative to domestic consumption), extent of debt (i.e., more indebted implying greater impact in Eastern European countries) and so on. In short, there is an abundance of ad-hoc explanations for the observed patterns of impact of the crisis but a seriou ...
... etc., due to their high dependence on exports relative to domestic consumption), extent of debt (i.e., more indebted implying greater impact in Eastern European countries) and so on. In short, there is an abundance of ad-hoc explanations for the observed patterns of impact of the crisis but a seriou ...
2015 Intergenerational Report Australia in 2055
... In the 1970s, the Internet, mobile phones and social media did not exist as we know them today. Now they are integral parts of our lives and IT-related industries employ nearly as many people in Australia as the mining industry. Technological advances, such as advanced robotics, 3D printing and self ...
... In the 1970s, the Internet, mobile phones and social media did not exist as we know them today. Now they are integral parts of our lives and IT-related industries employ nearly as many people in Australia as the mining industry. Technological advances, such as advanced robotics, 3D printing and self ...
Inflation Targeting in South Africa: A VAR Analysis
... coefficients; L is the lag operator; X is a vector of VAR shocks which are assumed to be i.i.d.. The VAR shocks will in general be linear combinations of all of the structural shocks (i.e., external shocks to the goods market, velocity shocks, technology shocks, etc.). The estimated coefficients i ...
... coefficients; L is the lag operator; X is a vector of VAR shocks which are assumed to be i.i.d.. The VAR shocks will in general be linear combinations of all of the structural shocks (i.e., external shocks to the goods market, velocity shocks, technology shocks, etc.). The estimated coefficients i ...
Sources Latin America
... example population censuses and labour force surveys) or establishment surveys (such as production censuses or employment surveys).3 Unfortunately, only a few countries in the world have reconciled the figures from the different sources and generally, differences exist, which can be large both in t ...
... example population censuses and labour force surveys) or establishment surveys (such as production censuses or employment surveys).3 Unfortunately, only a few countries in the world have reconciled the figures from the different sources and generally, differences exist, which can be large both in t ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES TAXES, INSTITUTIONS AND FOREIGN DIVERSIFICATION OPPORTUNITIES Dhammika Dharmapala
... of outbound FPI to FDI varies significantly across countries that are of comparable levels of economic development, giving rise to the possibility that taxation and investor protections might affect the desirability of these alternative diversification vehicles. The potential effects of taxation on ...
... of outbound FPI to FDI varies significantly across countries that are of comparable levels of economic development, giving rise to the possibility that taxation and investor protections might affect the desirability of these alternative diversification vehicles. The potential effects of taxation on ...