Supporting the implementation of sustainable social protection floors
... assessment-based national dialogue (ABND) exercises in East / South East Asia / Pacific ...
... assessment-based national dialogue (ABND) exercises in East / South East Asia / Pacific ...
Inflation Targeting
... – from 2 to 3%; New Zeland – from 1 to 3%; RPA – from 3 to 6%) • Asymetric targets (Switzerland – always below 2%; EBC in €uro Area – below 2%, but close to this level) ...
... – from 2 to 3%; New Zeland – from 1 to 3%; RPA – from 3 to 6%) • Asymetric targets (Switzerland – always below 2%; EBC in €uro Area – below 2%, but close to this level) ...
Jack Golden – Group HR Director
... private sector, the government agreed not to impose compulsory public sector layoffs or further public sector pay cuts until 2014. In return the public sector unions agreed to call no industrial action, and to cooperate on wide scale reforms of the public sector aimed at increasing efficiency, flexi ...
... private sector, the government agreed not to impose compulsory public sector layoffs or further public sector pay cuts until 2014. In return the public sector unions agreed to call no industrial action, and to cooperate on wide scale reforms of the public sector aimed at increasing efficiency, flexi ...
總體1/2003 第二次考試班級： 學號： 姓名：
... b. Long lags may cause stabilization policies to in fact destabilize the economy. c. Monetary policy affects aggregate demand by changing interest rates. d. Fiscal policy must go through a long political process. Ch 29 13. If the Fed conducts open-market purchases, the money supply a. increases and ...
... b. Long lags may cause stabilization policies to in fact destabilize the economy. c. Monetary policy affects aggregate demand by changing interest rates. d. Fiscal policy must go through a long political process. Ch 29 13. If the Fed conducts open-market purchases, the money supply a. increases and ...
Costa_Rica_en.pdf
... international prices as well. Exports also contracted, but at a lesser rate of some 7%. In the first half of 2009, exports from free zones fell sharply, but towards the end of the year the pace of the decline had slowed. ...
... international prices as well. Exports also contracted, but at a lesser rate of some 7%. In the first half of 2009, exports from free zones fell sharply, but towards the end of the year the pace of the decline had slowed. ...
Mutual Fund Ratios – Market Cap to GDP Ratio
... probably the best single measure of where valuations stand at any given moment." ...
... probably the best single measure of where valuations stand at any given moment." ...
Colombia_en.pdf
... In keeping with the countercyclical strategy, an expansionary monetary policy was adopted in 2009. In order to boost aggregate demand, and private consumption in particular, the intervention rate of the Bank of the Republic was reduced gradually from 10% to 3% starting in December 2008 (700 basis po ...
... In keeping with the countercyclical strategy, an expansionary monetary policy was adopted in 2009. In order to boost aggregate demand, and private consumption in particular, the intervention rate of the Bank of the Republic was reduced gradually from 10% to 3% starting in December 2008 (700 basis po ...
Costa_Rica_en.pdf
... focus on modifying income and sales taxes, in particular, by generalizing the sales tax on goods and services and converting it into a value added tax. If adopted, the reform would bring in additional annual resources for the central government equivalent to about 2.1% of GDP. In 2011, total central ...
... focus on modifying income and sales taxes, in particular, by generalizing the sales tax on goods and services and converting it into a value added tax. If adopted, the reform would bring in additional annual resources for the central government equivalent to about 2.1% of GDP. In 2011, total central ...
Francesco Giavazzi 22 July 2010, VOX.EU
... average advanced G-20 country the present value of the fiscal cost of the crisis amounts to about 30% of GDP; the present value of the fiscal cost of aging is estimated at close to 400%. In Holland, to make just one example, the estimated increase in age-related spending over the next 15 years amoun ...
... average advanced G-20 country the present value of the fiscal cost of the crisis amounts to about 30% of GDP; the present value of the fiscal cost of aging is estimated at close to 400%. In Holland, to make just one example, the estimated increase in age-related spending over the next 15 years amoun ...
Implications of an Aging Population in India
... population of the less developed regions. But the age distribution structure of the Indian populace is slowly moving from a pyramid-shaped structure to a hexagonal one, while the same is gradually transforming to an inverted pyramid or trapezoidal shape in more developed countries. Consequent to suc ...
... population of the less developed regions. But the age distribution structure of the Indian populace is slowly moving from a pyramid-shaped structure to a hexagonal one, while the same is gradually transforming to an inverted pyramid or trapezoidal shape in more developed countries. Consequent to suc ...
Graphs for Macroeconomics Production Possibilities Curve G o
... projects will be undertaken when the interest rate rises. More investment projects will be undertaken when the interest rate falls. Interest rate includes Expected inflation. ...
... projects will be undertaken when the interest rate rises. More investment projects will be undertaken when the interest rate falls. Interest rate includes Expected inflation. ...
View Slides
... still haunts China 30 years after reform) • Private consumption’s share of GDP is now 35%, and investment’s share is 40% • In part this reflects the legacy effects of the not totally dismantled Stalinist institutions in the form of ministries and the state owned enterprises • To bring Chinese consum ...
... still haunts China 30 years after reform) • Private consumption’s share of GDP is now 35%, and investment’s share is 40% • In part this reflects the legacy effects of the not totally dismantled Stalinist institutions in the form of ministries and the state owned enterprises • To bring Chinese consum ...
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
... (See Headline, p. 359)? Would that entail fine-tuning? In cases where a drop in consumer confidence results in a decrease in AD resulting in increased unemployment, the Fed should decrease interest rates ...
... (See Headline, p. 359)? Would that entail fine-tuning? In cases where a drop in consumer confidence results in a decrease in AD resulting in increased unemployment, the Fed should decrease interest rates ...
Ageing, Immigration, and Fiscal Sustainability
... and therefore, the increase in the stock of immigrants from less developed countries remains significantly larger than the increase in the stock of immigrants from more developed countries. 2.2 Dependency ratios The moderate growth in the total population is in sharp contrast to the relatively large ...
... and therefore, the increase in the stock of immigrants from less developed countries remains significantly larger than the increase in the stock of immigrants from more developed countries. 2.2 Dependency ratios The moderate growth in the total population is in sharp contrast to the relatively large ...
A STRATEGY FOR CONTINUED FISCAL CONSOLIDATION
... fairer and more efficient The Competitiveness and Employment Tax Credit (CICE) is now fully in place. In 2014, businesses’ margins received a boost of €10.2bn, allowing them to invest, hire and become more competitive. This year, the CICE rate will increase from 4% to 6% of a company’s wage bill, th ...
... fairer and more efficient The Competitiveness and Employment Tax Credit (CICE) is now fully in place. In 2014, businesses’ margins received a boost of €10.2bn, allowing them to invest, hire and become more competitive. This year, the CICE rate will increase from 4% to 6% of a company’s wage bill, th ...
Monetary Policy
... the flow of money through global markets can complicate monetary policymaking Cyclical Asymmetry: Easy money policy is not as easy to affect! Banks are not forced to make loans when excess reserves rise. This may mean that moving the economy out of recession and low employment may be more difficult ...
... the flow of money through global markets can complicate monetary policymaking Cyclical Asymmetry: Easy money policy is not as easy to affect! Banks are not forced to make loans when excess reserves rise. This may mean that moving the economy out of recession and low employment may be more difficult ...
El_Salvador_en.pdf
... a Preliminary estimates. b Twelve-month variation to October 2009. c Twelve-month variation to September 2009. d A negative rate indicates an appreciation of the currency in real terms. e Year-on-year average variation, January to October. f Average from January to October, annualized. g Incl ...
... a Preliminary estimates. b Twelve-month variation to October 2009. c Twelve-month variation to September 2009. d A negative rate indicates an appreciation of the currency in real terms. e Year-on-year average variation, January to October. f Average from January to October, annualized. g Incl ...
Economics 2012 - Robert Ricketts
... The “Jobs Calculator” calculates the net employment change needed to achieve a target unemployment rate after a specified number of months. The user can adjust the target unemployment rate, the number of months, and the assumed labor force growth. Calculator estimates that the economy will have to g ...
... The “Jobs Calculator” calculates the net employment change needed to achieve a target unemployment rate after a specified number of months. The user can adjust the target unemployment rate, the number of months, and the assumed labor force growth. Calculator estimates that the economy will have to g ...
Article (Wayne u Daniel).indd
... Our estimates show that the reduction of early school leavers to 10.0 per cent would be expected to result in an overall increase in total employment of 0.65 per cent (or 1,159 workers) by 2020. This expected increase in employment would reflect a higher employment rate for medium-skilled persons re ...
... Our estimates show that the reduction of early school leavers to 10.0 per cent would be expected to result in an overall increase in total employment of 0.65 per cent (or 1,159 workers) by 2020. This expected increase in employment would reflect a higher employment rate for medium-skilled persons re ...
Decomposition of technical reserves of pension funds in price
... Box Occupational pensions in the Netherlands In the Netherlands Dutch pension funds, insurers and premium pension institutions can offer work related pension schemes. Pension funds are the biggest provider and predominantly operate DB schemes based mostly on an average pay plan. They guarantee nomin ...
... Box Occupational pensions in the Netherlands In the Netherlands Dutch pension funds, insurers and premium pension institutions can offer work related pension schemes. Pension funds are the biggest provider and predominantly operate DB schemes based mostly on an average pay plan. They guarantee nomin ...
Short & Long Term Budget Trends
... • Current fiscal policy is unsustainable • There are no easy solutions, such as cutting waste fraud and abuse or growing our way out of the problem. • Finding solutions will require bipartisan cooperation and a willingness to discuss all options. • Public engagement and understanding is vital in fin ...
... • Current fiscal policy is unsustainable • There are no easy solutions, such as cutting waste fraud and abuse or growing our way out of the problem. • Finding solutions will require bipartisan cooperation and a willingness to discuss all options. • Public engagement and understanding is vital in fin ...