• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
166_solow-handout
166_solow-handout

... grows at some constant rate g. This is called labor augmenting technological progress labor force grows@ n and efficiency increases @g therefore the increase in no. of effective workers is by n+g BALANCED GROWTH Technological progress causes the values of many variables to rise together in steady st ...
A lower neutral rate: causes and consequences
A lower neutral rate: causes and consequences

... the contrary, economic growth has been sluggish, well below what might have been expected to ensue from such low interest rates, while resources remain underutilized in many countries and almost all continue to struggle with below-target inflation. It’s little wonder, then, that people have pared th ...
The IMF Role in Bank and Bond Markets By Eichengreen, Kletzer
The IMF Role in Bank and Bond Markets By Eichengreen, Kletzer

... • Impact of IMF programs on market access and cost of funds • 6,700 loan transactions between emerging market borrowers and banks, 3,500 new bond issues ...
Midterm 2 - Fall 2014
Midterm 2 - Fall 2014

... 19)  Switching  the  U.S.  policy  mix  to  a  tighter  fiscal  and  easier  monetary  policy  ________  the  U.S.  interest  rate,  leading  to   ________  of  the  dollar,  which  puts  ________  long-­‐run  pressure  on  the  U.S.  foreign  trade  surplus.     A)  raises,  depreciation,  upward ...
Глава 3
Глава 3

... Figure 3.2. Literacy level versus global population83 But the authors excluded GDP per capita from the parameters that could decrease the fertility rate. They did so because they took as a contradiction ‘a low fertility rate in Russia and other former East European Soviet states and the dramatic fal ...
149th REPORT!OF THE INVESTMENTS COMMITTEE
149th REPORT!OF THE INVESTMENTS COMMITTEE

... overvalued. Hence, investing in large caps would be reasonable. Secondly, to justify the present stock prices, assumptions on companies, Revenues, EBIT, Profit for the period 2006-2011 should be twice higher than today. In other words, today’s stock prices are overvalued by a third based on the hist ...
the Powerpoint
the Powerpoint

... • generated long ‘queues’ due to demand in excess of funds supplied by the government Public service jobs are better paid than private sector equivalent jobs • Excess demand in Egypt, Saudi Arabia etc. • Unemployment of Saudis is around 10 percent, and is underestimated (low LF participation) ...
inflation targeting and new eu entrants: is there
inflation targeting and new eu entrants: is there

... • Slovenia, is the only country for which both inflation and the output gap are significant, Slovenia thus does not necessarily support one tool or the other. • Overall, the evidence indicates that Lithuania is targeting inflation, while Latvia is targeting output. • The case of Slovenia is mixed as ...
Download pdf | 3597 KB |
Download pdf | 3597 KB |

... cases to study monetary policy, and many emerging countries/low income countries are similar: 1. Most of the GCC is with a fixed exchange rate regime 2. Central Banks do not target an inflation rate 3. Central Banks operate on ‘quantities’ on money markets a. Sterilization b. Attempts at affecting i ...
Chapter 16: FISCAL POLICY
Chapter 16: FISCAL POLICY

... The balance budget multiplier is not zero. It is greater than zero because “a $1 increase in government expenditure injects a dollar more into the aggregate demand while a $1 tax rise (or decrease in transfer payments) takes lass than $1 from aggregate demand.” So when both government expenditure an ...
pptx - Tony Yates
pptx - Tony Yates

... Short run/recursive, sign restrictions, heteroskedasticity, external instruments. • Other uses: measuring core inflation, identifying technology shocks. ...
The Economic Benefits of Higher US Household Saving
The Economic Benefits of Higher US Household Saving

... Analysis, the household saving rate, which topped 13% in the early 1970s, is just 3.8% today,1 and over 75% of Americans do not have enough saved to cover six months’ expenses,2 whether the need arises because of job loss or other unexpected life event. Projecting the current rate forward, and adjus ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... wages rise from $10 to $11 and the CPI rises from 140 to 150. What was the growth rate in the real wage? (nearest 10th, no % sign; e.g. 4.3). ...
AFR, Jan 2013
AFR, Jan 2013

... Near- term Australian growth also constrained by consumer caution.  Saving ratio remains around GFC levels in trend terms ...
Exam questions
Exam questions

... The term "IPO" stands for Introductory Price Offered, and it is the price at which shares of a new company are offered to the public. IPO prices are generally established by the market, and buyers of the new stock must pay the price that prevails at the close of trading on the day the stock is offer ...
Chapter 23. Aggregate demand and aggregate supply in the open
Chapter 23. Aggregate demand and aggregate supply in the open

Optimal Macroeconomic Policies in the time after Financial and
Optimal Macroeconomic Policies in the time after Financial and

... balanced budget by 2017. Moreover, government debt shall be stabilized below 55 percent of GDP. The Stability Programme envisages both reducing public expenditures and increasing revenues to achieve the 2014 goal. With respect to the former, it proposes caps on public employees’ salaries and restric ...
Lecture 6 - Economics
Lecture 6 - Economics

... 529  raise private saving rate. Reducing budge deficit would raise the public saving and hence the total saving. Reducing trade deficit would raise the total both public and private saving. Reducing capital gains tax. ...
Alex Bryson and John Forth
Alex Bryson and John Forth

... No correlation between freezes/cuts and unionisation No correlation between pay freeze in last settlement and unionisation Little change in union wage premium (some counter-cyclicality) Hard to identify break point in union power • May have been some time ago? ...
Using Life Insurance to Save for Retirement
Using Life Insurance to Save for Retirement

Policy Brief - City, University of London
Policy Brief - City, University of London

... By the 1970s a number of writers noted the large surpluses of capital from OPEC members’ countries, the so-called Petrodollars, were deposited in the fledgling unregulated wholesale markets (known as the Euromarkets) that were rising to prominence as a result. Howard Wachtel (Wachtel 1977) calculate ...
Eco120Int Tutorials
Eco120Int Tutorials

... Consumer expectations about the future. Business expectations about the future. Government spending All of the above. ...
Speaking Notes for TUAC Presentation on Economic Policy and
Speaking Notes for TUAC Presentation on Economic Policy and

... puts American manufacturing workers in direct competition with some of the most impoverished and oppressed workers in the world. Manufacturing workers understand this as a threat to their jobs, and they are right. The U.S. has lost 3.4 million manufacturing jobs since 1998. Less evident, but just as ...
Bank of England Inflation Report February 2013
Bank of England Inflation Report February 2013

... (b) Recessions are defined as at least two consecutive quarters of falling output (at constant market prices) estimated using the latest data. The recessions are assumed to end once output began to rise. ...
Chapter 5: Monitoring Jobs and Inflation
Chapter 5: Monitoring Jobs and Inflation

... Employment ratio is more cyclical than labor force participation rate. ...
< 1 ... 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 ... 371 >

Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report