• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
PDF Download
PDF Download

... inflationary pressure even before this fall. This was not a recession generated to squeeze inflation out of the system. Labour market policies The issue here is the extent to which the rise in unemployment can be attenuated relative to any given fall in GDP. Firms which are confident in their long-t ...
Exam 3
Exam 3

... 14. Which of the following will increase the steady state growth rate of output? a. An increase in the saving rate b. An increase in the population growth rate c. A temporary burst of technological change d. All of these e. None of these 15. An increase in productivity will increase employment whene ...
Unit 2—Macroeconomics - Mr. Davidson's IB Economics Page
Unit 2—Macroeconomics - Mr. Davidson's IB Economics Page

... Time-lags—To get involved, first the government must realize there is a problem, then they must identify where that is, then they must evaluate which policy to pursue, then they must implement it. This can take some time, especially if contracts are already set. Politics—Using deflationary fiscal po ...
Chapter 1
Chapter 1

... Vacation and other leisure costs may climb. the household’s tax bill generally declines. Retirees have more time to focus on value-oriented shopping, and often receive discounts. ...
Presented by
Presented by

... Note: Commercial Mortgage Loans represent privately placed whole loans (first mortgages). Total return and standard deviation calculations sourced from the Giliberto-Levy index as of 9/30/2013. Commercial mortgage yields and spreads are based on market opportunities seen by Quadrant Real Estate Advi ...
del01-Gros  221119 en
del01-Gros 221119 en

... fall into a low credibility trap. This occurs when a government loses credibility in the eyes of the financial markets and is forced to pay a risk premium in the form of higher interest rates. The higher debt-service burden that results, if inflation is kept low, makes it even more likely that the a ...
lecture notes
lecture notes

... 1. A political business cycle may destabilize the economy: Election years have been characterized by more expansionary policies regardless of economic conditions. 2. State and local finance policies may offset federal stabilization policies. They are often procyclical, because balanced-budget requir ...
Problem Set 2 – Some Answers FE405 1.
Problem Set 2 – Some Answers FE405 1.

... required. A temporary increase in borrowing will ensue. (c) This is a permanent (almost surely) change in the amount of government spending and therefore it requires an increase in the tax share. (d) Same as (b). ...
Exam 3 Key - Department of Agricultural Economics
Exam 3 Key - Department of Agricultural Economics

... (c) A goal of macroeconomic policy is to eliminate inflationary or recessionary gaps when they occur. (d) All of the above. ...
(2011): DELFI: DNB`s Macroeconomic Policy Model of the Netherlands
(2011): DELFI: DNB`s Macroeconomic Policy Model of the Netherlands

... user to analyze the effects of financial turmoil. If pension funds see their funding ratios drop below the regulatory minimum, they might decide to raise the pension premium or reduce benefits. Both actions affect the real economy, either by increasing production costs or by lowering disposable inco ...
(i) Iso-poverty line
(i) Iso-poverty line

... where Git is the Gini coefficient of country i during year t and Dj is a dummy variable for country j defined as Dj = 1 if i = j, Dj = 0 otherwise. Estimates of the Gini coefficient obtained with this model for 2015 were capped at a maximum of 1 percentage point higher or 1 percentage point lower th ...
midterm exam i group a
midterm exam i group a

... D) a cut of income tax E) support of education from the government ...
Parkin-Bade Chapter 24
Parkin-Bade Chapter 24

Allianz - Acquisition of Yapi Kredi Sigorta
Allianz - Acquisition of Yapi Kredi Sigorta

... These assessments are, as always, subject to the disclaimer provided below. ...
Contribution rules after 1 July 2017
Contribution rules after 1 July 2017

Calculating and Paying Lump Sum Payment and Arrears (Back Pay
Calculating and Paying Lump Sum Payment and Arrears (Back Pay

... Locally paid Education Support Class (ESC) employees (that are not casual) who terminated prior to the date the agreement was signed on July 10, 2013 are NOT eligible to be paid the Lump Sum Payment or arrears (back pay). As set out in Schedule 1 of the Agreement, the arrears (back pay) will be calc ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MACROECONOMICS OF STAGFLATION UNDER FLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATES
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MACROECONOMICS OF STAGFLATION UNDER FLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATES

... the tax burden to protect their after tax real wage. If, on the other hand, an employment program is financed by corporate and capital income taxes, there will be an adverse effect on private investment and future employment. As Soderstrom and Viotti have emphasized full employment policy is likely ...
Should the European Stability and Growth Pact be Changed?
Should the European Stability and Growth Pact be Changed?

... Since fiscal policy rules are essential for the functioning of a monetary union, the analysis of this paper calls for a reform of the SGP. While the current framework with its focus on inflation is clearly too onedimensional, it could be supplemented relatively easily with an additional dimension whi ...
Box 2 The impact of interest rate changes, inflation and exchange
Box 2 The impact of interest rate changes, inflation and exchange

... interest rates on indexed loans. Here it should be borne in mind that changes in yields on, for example, housing bonds, which carry fixed interest, primarily affect current homebuyers. Since homebuyers have the option of postponing transactions when facing unfavourable interest rate terms, higher yi ...
Macro1 Exercise #3
Macro1 Exercise #3

... Course Course Number University or College ...
The Short-Run Trade-Off Between Inflation and Unemployment
The Short-Run Trade-Off Between Inflation and Unemployment

... run as shifts in the aggregate-demand curve move the economy along the short-run aggregate supply ...
Chapter 26. Fiscal Policy: A Summing Up
Chapter 26. Fiscal Policy: A Summing Up

... the cuts were given an expiration date to lessen their total projected cost. Moreover, it is the stated policy of the Bush administration to extend the tax cuts, which most people believe will happen, absent a change in policy. Under these two more realistic assumptions, CBO projections show a defic ...
India`s Economic Performance
India`s Economic Performance

... capital goods used to be as high as 90%-100% in 1991 with concessional duty imports of capital goods available only to 100% export oriented units. The duties on capital goods have now been lowered to a range from 20% to 40%. Even with these reductions, India’s customs duty rates are still too high a ...
Credit crisis
Credit crisis

... • General Partners will concentrate in the short term in turning around troubled portfolios and in taking advantage of distressed assets. In the mid term the industry will return to fundamental-based deals (smaller, less leveraged, longer holding periods) ...
Oper. Decisions
Oper. Decisions

... Oper. Decisions - 10 ...
< 1 ... 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 ... 371 >

Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report