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Financial reporting developments: Asset Retirement Obligations
Financial reporting developments: Asset Retirement Obligations

... at the time the obligation is incurred (provided that a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made). For example, certain obligations, such as nuclear decommissioning costs, generally are incurred as the asset is operated. Other obligations, like the obligation to remove an offshore drilling plat ...
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Keynes`s economics and the question of public debt

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Fiscal Policy and Government Debt: Theory and Empirical

... at the Technische Universität Darmstadt. Firstly, I am most grateful to my supervisor Prof. Dr. Volker Caspari for his support and insightful discussions. His open-mindedness enabled me to write a thesis touching the topics that captivate me. Moreover, I am indebted to my co-supervisor Prof. Dr. Je ...
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Does portfolio manager ownership affect fund performance? Finnish

... Evans (2008) examined the relation between a manager’s personal wealth and the performance of associated 237 US equity funds. His findings suggest that funds run by minimally invested managers have significantly lower style-adjusted returns (approximately 2.6%) than do funds where managers own more ...
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Firm Selection and Corporate Cash Holdings

... IPO by R&D–intensive firms, all else being equal. The increase in cash holdings of newly listed R&D–intensive firms suggests each new cohort to the stock market has different characteristics. Indeed, over time newly listed firms are smaller, less profitable, and appear to exhibit higher cash-flow vo ...
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Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
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