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Reference Directions in Voltage and Current Division
Reference Directions in Voltage and Current Division

... the current measured by the meter, i m . (a) Suppose v s = 15 V . Determine the value of the resistance R that causes the value of the current measured by the ammeter to be i m = 5 A. (b) Suppose v s = 15 V and R = 24 Ω. Determine the value of the current measured by the ammeter. (c) Suppose R = 24 ...
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... The Hollands like to keep their 40.0 W front porch light on at night to welcome visitors. If the light is on from 6 PM until 7 AM, and the Hollands pay 12.00 cents per kilowatt-hour, how much does it cost to run the light each week? (44 cents) ...
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Switched-mode power supply



A switched-mode power supply (switching-mode power supply, switch-mode power supply, SMPS, or switcher) is an electronic power supply that incorporates a switching regulator to convert electrical power efficiently. Like other power supplies, an SMPS transfers power from a source, like mains power, to a load, such as a personal computer, while converting voltage and current characteristics. Unlike a linear power supply, the pass transistor of a switching-mode supply continually switches between low-dissipation, full-on and full-off states, and spends very little time in the high dissipation transitions, which minimizes wasted energy. Ideally, a switched-mode power supply dissipates no power. Voltage regulation is achieved by varying the ratio of on-to-off time. In contrast, a linear power supply regulates the output voltage by continually dissipating power in the pass transistor. This higher power conversion efficiency is an important advantage of a switched-mode power supply. Switched-mode power supplies may also be substantially smaller and lighter than a linear supply due to the smaller transformer size and weight.Switching regulators are used as replacements for linear regulators when higher efficiency, smaller size or lighter weight are required. They are, however, more complicated; their switching currents can cause electrical noise problems if not carefully suppressed, and simple designs may have a poor power factor.
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