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Q. TTL NAND GATE: (Only Comp)
Q. TTL NAND GATE: (Only Comp)

... more pragmatic factors, such as limitations on the number of pins possible on IC packages and their standardization predominate. TTL NAND gates typically provide 1, 2, 4, or 8 inputs. If more than eight inputs are required, then a network of NAND gates must be employed. ...
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... In order for the current to flow in the circuit there must be a potential difference across the components in the circuit. This potential difference is measured by using a voltmeter which measures the voltage between any two points in the circuit. This potential difference is measured in units of Vo ...
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Switched-mode power supply



A switched-mode power supply (switching-mode power supply, switch-mode power supply, SMPS, or switcher) is an electronic power supply that incorporates a switching regulator to convert electrical power efficiently. Like other power supplies, an SMPS transfers power from a source, like mains power, to a load, such as a personal computer, while converting voltage and current characteristics. Unlike a linear power supply, the pass transistor of a switching-mode supply continually switches between low-dissipation, full-on and full-off states, and spends very little time in the high dissipation transitions, which minimizes wasted energy. Ideally, a switched-mode power supply dissipates no power. Voltage regulation is achieved by varying the ratio of on-to-off time. In contrast, a linear power supply regulates the output voltage by continually dissipating power in the pass transistor. This higher power conversion efficiency is an important advantage of a switched-mode power supply. Switched-mode power supplies may also be substantially smaller and lighter than a linear supply due to the smaller transformer size and weight.Switching regulators are used as replacements for linear regulators when higher efficiency, smaller size or lighter weight are required. They are, however, more complicated; their switching currents can cause electrical noise problems if not carefully suppressed, and simple designs may have a poor power factor.
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