Occlusion and brain function: mastication as a prevention of
... Tunney (59) examined this hypothesis using a withinsubjects design where subjects were tested under the combined condition of either chewing gum or sucking a mint tablet after consuming either glucose drink or water. Their results confirmed that chewing gum and the consumption of glucose had additiv ...
... Tunney (59) examined this hypothesis using a withinsubjects design where subjects were tested under the combined condition of either chewing gum or sucking a mint tablet after consuming either glucose drink or water. Their results confirmed that chewing gum and the consumption of glucose had additiv ...
Changes in Prefrontal Neuronal Activity after
... The prefrontal cortex is considered essential for learning to perform cognitive tasks though little is known about how the representation of stimulus properties is altered by learning. To address this issue, we recorded neuronal activity in monkeys before and after training on a task that required v ...
... The prefrontal cortex is considered essential for learning to perform cognitive tasks though little is known about how the representation of stimulus properties is altered by learning. To address this issue, we recorded neuronal activity in monkeys before and after training on a task that required v ...
Working Memory in the Prefrontal Cortex
... behavioral response to a particular visual stimulus is always rewarded throughout the experiment. Therefore, the formation of an association between a particular visual stimulus and a particular response is required for correct performance, and long-term maintenance of this association is necessary. ...
... behavioral response to a particular visual stimulus is always rewarded throughout the experiment. Therefore, the formation of an association between a particular visual stimulus and a particular response is required for correct performance, and long-term maintenance of this association is necessary. ...
Episodic autobiographical memories over the course of time
... sensed time, episodic memory makes it possible to travel mentally through subjective time, from present to past, and thus to recollect, one’s own previous experiences via autonoetic consciousness. The central tenet of this theory therefore revolves around phenomenological re-experiencing and the sen ...
... sensed time, episodic memory makes it possible to travel mentally through subjective time, from present to past, and thus to recollect, one’s own previous experiences via autonoetic consciousness. The central tenet of this theory therefore revolves around phenomenological re-experiencing and the sen ...
Biological Psychology Basic Structure of a Neuron 1. What are the
... 1. What are the two basic types of cells in the nervous system? Neurons and Glial Cells a. Cells that process incoming signals and respond by sending out signals of their own and are considered the basic building blocks of the brain’s anatomy are called neurons b. Cells that aid in the transferring ...
... 1. What are the two basic types of cells in the nervous system? Neurons and Glial Cells a. Cells that process incoming signals and respond by sending out signals of their own and are considered the basic building blocks of the brain’s anatomy are called neurons b. Cells that aid in the transferring ...
A Stress-Induced Shift From Trace to Delay Conditioning Depends
... We set out to understand the role of the MR in the stressrelated shift toward less cognitively demanding fear learning. This challenge required manipulating MR availability, inducing a state of stress, and administering a fear learning task that distinguished between cognitively demanding learning a ...
... We set out to understand the role of the MR in the stressrelated shift toward less cognitively demanding fear learning. This challenge required manipulating MR availability, inducing a state of stress, and administering a fear learning task that distinguished between cognitively demanding learning a ...
Cortical Functions Reference
... Lesions in the left superior parietal lobe are associated with ideomotor apraxia (loss of the ability to produce purposeful, skilled movements as the result of brain pathology not caused by weakness, paralysis, lack of coordination, or sensory loss). It is well established that astereognosis (or tac ...
... Lesions in the left superior parietal lobe are associated with ideomotor apraxia (loss of the ability to produce purposeful, skilled movements as the result of brain pathology not caused by weakness, paralysis, lack of coordination, or sensory loss). It is well established that astereognosis (or tac ...
ARTICLE IN PRESS Neural Networks entorhinal cortex
... cortex demonstrate the capacity to display persistent spiking activity after a depolarizing current injection or a period of repetitive synaptic input (Egorov, Hamam, Fransen, Hasselmo, & Alonso, 2002; Fransén, Tahvildari, Egorov, Hasselmo, & Alonso, 2006; Klink & Alonso, 1997; Tahvildari, Fransen, ...
... cortex demonstrate the capacity to display persistent spiking activity after a depolarizing current injection or a period of repetitive synaptic input (Egorov, Hamam, Fransen, Hasselmo, & Alonso, 2002; Fransén, Tahvildari, Egorov, Hasselmo, & Alonso, 2006; Klink & Alonso, 1997; Tahvildari, Fransen, ...
Role of Prefrontal and Parietal Cortices in Associative - ACT-R
... trials to let the hemodynamic response from one trial return to baseline before the next trial. Figure 1 shows the procedures for the Paired and the Generated trials. Both conditions involved fourteen 2-s scans. Both conditions consisted of a fixation period (1 scan, 2 s), a study period (3 scans, 6 ...
... trials to let the hemodynamic response from one trial return to baseline before the next trial. Figure 1 shows the procedures for the Paired and the Generated trials. Both conditions involved fourteen 2-s scans. Both conditions consisted of a fixation period (1 scan, 2 s), a study period (3 scans, 6 ...
Role of the hippocampus in remembering the past and imagining
... of time period [F(2,11) = 9.0, P < 0.01] due to the greater number of elements provided overall for the recent time period than for the remote past and future time periods. There were also effects of content [F(3,11) = 11.0, P < 0.01] and a content × time period interaction [F(6,11) = 9.6, P = 0.01 ...
... of time period [F(2,11) = 9.0, P < 0.01] due to the greater number of elements provided overall for the recent time period than for the remote past and future time periods. There were also effects of content [F(3,11) = 11.0, P < 0.01] and a content × time period interaction [F(6,11) = 9.6, P = 0.01 ...
Memory consolidation, retrograde amnesia, and the temporal lobe
... onset of amnesia is unknown, as it often is in degenerative disorders and Korsakoffs syndrome. Finally, we included only those cases which have appeared in the past 20 years, with the exception of case HM, whose resected areas were recently confirmed by MRI (Corkin et al., 1997). Conventionally, mem ...
... onset of amnesia is unknown, as it often is in degenerative disorders and Korsakoffs syndrome. Finally, we included only those cases which have appeared in the past 20 years, with the exception of case HM, whose resected areas were recently confirmed by MRI (Corkin et al., 1997). Conventionally, mem ...
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Learning and Memory
... The nature of the cellular basis of learning and memory remains an oftendiscussed, but elusive problem in neurobiology. A popular model for the physiological mechanisms underlying learning and memory postulates that memories are stored by alterations in the strength of neuronal connections within th ...
... The nature of the cellular basis of learning and memory remains an oftendiscussed, but elusive problem in neurobiology. A popular model for the physiological mechanisms underlying learning and memory postulates that memories are stored by alterations in the strength of neuronal connections within th ...
Hyperfrontality and hypoconnectivity during refreshing in
... slowing in response times to refresh in older healthy adults is associated with a single decreased activity in the left dorsolateral PFC (Johnson et al., 2004). In addition, in contrast to healthy young adults, older adults do not benefit from refreshing at encoding to increase long-term memory (John ...
... slowing in response times to refresh in older healthy adults is associated with a single decreased activity in the left dorsolateral PFC (Johnson et al., 2004). In addition, in contrast to healthy young adults, older adults do not benefit from refreshing at encoding to increase long-term memory (John ...
Learning Strengthens the Response of Primary Visual Cortex to
... did not change reliably. These results suggest that the changes seen in V1 were not due to some global factor, such as arousal, that would increase signal throughout responding regions of visual cortex. The amplitude of a secondary peak visible in the fMRI time course from the central location (Figu ...
... did not change reliably. These results suggest that the changes seen in V1 were not due to some global factor, such as arousal, that would increase signal throughout responding regions of visual cortex. The amplitude of a secondary peak visible in the fMRI time course from the central location (Figu ...
"Sleep and Memory". In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS)
... Figure 2 Potential roles of sleep in synaptic and systems consolidation. (a) Representative changes in release of acetylcholine (ACh) and noradrenaline (NA) in the cortex (relative to waking) during REM and NREM sleep. Representative EEG traces for the two sleep states show cortical activity similar ...
... Figure 2 Potential roles of sleep in synaptic and systems consolidation. (a) Representative changes in release of acetylcholine (ACh) and noradrenaline (NA) in the cortex (relative to waking) during REM and NREM sleep. Representative EEG traces for the two sleep states show cortical activity similar ...
A Counter Based Connectionist Model of Animal Timing - APT
... impressive degree of command and flexibility. For example, timing can be arbitrary reset and even stopped for some interval before being continued (Roberts 1981). ...
... impressive degree of command and flexibility. For example, timing can be arbitrary reset and even stopped for some interval before being continued (Roberts 1981). ...
Habituation, sensitization and Pavlovian conditioning
... flies failed to show habituation, and continued to respond as if there was nothing else but sucrose. Clearly, state-dependence of responsiveness had a qualitative, but not quantitative effect on how appetitive stimuli were processed for immediate responding as well as for memory-formation. Second, h ...
... flies failed to show habituation, and continued to respond as if there was nothing else but sucrose. Clearly, state-dependence of responsiveness had a qualitative, but not quantitative effect on how appetitive stimuli were processed for immediate responding as well as for memory-formation. Second, h ...
Segmentation in the perception and memory of events
... Trends in Cognitive Sciences Vol.12 No.2 ...
... Trends in Cognitive Sciences Vol.12 No.2 ...
The hippocampal–striatal axis in learning, prediction and
... modulates the strength or gain of associative control over motivated behavior in a regionally specific manner. Neural coding of different types of information in the HPC and VS In vivo recordings in freely behaving animals have provided insights into how the HPC and striatum encode information on co ...
... modulates the strength or gain of associative control over motivated behavior in a regionally specific manner. Neural coding of different types of information in the HPC and VS In vivo recordings in freely behaving animals have provided insights into how the HPC and striatum encode information on co ...
Neural Substrates Related to Motor Memory with Multiple
... temporoparietal junction; TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation; TR, repetition time. ...
... temporoparietal junction; TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation; TR, repetition time. ...
Concept cells: the building blocks of declarative
... involved in the transformation of percepts into cognitive entities that can be processed and stored into memory (see below). It is also conceivable that other areas that interact with the MTL — for example, the prefrontal cortex, given its role in categorization42 — may be involved in this process. ...
... involved in the transformation of percepts into cognitive entities that can be processed and stored into memory (see below). It is also conceivable that other areas that interact with the MTL — for example, the prefrontal cortex, given its role in categorization42 — may be involved in this process. ...
The Three Amnesias - University of Florida College of Public Health
... may have impairment in those cognitive processes that normally support remembering. It is now known that the amnesic syndrome can follow damage to three major functional systems of the brain: the medial temporal lobe memory system centering on the hippocampus (Milner, 1972; Squire & Zola-Morgan, 199 ...
... may have impairment in those cognitive processes that normally support remembering. It is now known that the amnesic syndrome can follow damage to three major functional systems of the brain: the medial temporal lobe memory system centering on the hippocampus (Milner, 1972; Squire & Zola-Morgan, 199 ...
Lesions of the Basolateral Amygdala Disrupt Selective Aspects of
... resulted in the presentation of this CS than on a control lever. ...
... resulted in the presentation of this CS than on a control lever. ...
Mirror neurons and the 8 parallel consciousnesses
... present on the left side of their environment, and shaves only on the right, etc.(16) However, it has been shown that such a person is able to unconsciously perceive the images placed on the left(43). This makes neglect an ideal situation for identifying the correlates of cerebral consciousness. Ind ...
... present on the left side of their environment, and shaves only on the right, etc.(16) However, it has been shown that such a person is able to unconsciously perceive the images placed on the left(43). This makes neglect an ideal situation for identifying the correlates of cerebral consciousness. Ind ...