Poultry village management
... A protein produced by specialised B cells after stimulation by an antigen. Antibodies bind with antigens on foreign organisms to help inactivate them. Each antibody can bind to only one specific antigen. ...
... A protein produced by specialised B cells after stimulation by an antigen. Antibodies bind with antigens on foreign organisms to help inactivate them. Each antibody can bind to only one specific antigen. ...
3 - Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology
... Tolerance Tolerance is a host defense strategy that reduces the negative impact of infection on host fitness. Unlike resistance mechanisms, tolerance does not directly affect pathogen burden. Rather, tolerance decreases the host susceptibility to tissue damage, or other fitness costs, caused by the ...
... Tolerance Tolerance is a host defense strategy that reduces the negative impact of infection on host fitness. Unlike resistance mechanisms, tolerance does not directly affect pathogen burden. Rather, tolerance decreases the host susceptibility to tissue damage, or other fitness costs, caused by the ...
Common measures of immune function vary with time of day and
... et al., 2008; Matson et al., 2006; Millet et al., 2007). In contrast, I found strong and substantial differences (as much as 4- to 10-fold changes; Table 1) in multiple measures of innate immune function with handling time (although the impact of handling time on changes in innate immune function va ...
... et al., 2008; Matson et al., 2006; Millet et al., 2007). In contrast, I found strong and substantial differences (as much as 4- to 10-fold changes; Table 1) in multiple measures of innate immune function with handling time (although the impact of handling time on changes in innate immune function va ...
Hepatitis B Virus PDF
... Compared with non-HIV-infected patients, those with chronic HIV/HBV co-infection have a lower aminotransferase level, higher HBV viral loads, and lower rates of HBeAg loss over time. Generally, abnormal histopathology in a liver biopsy tends to be reduced in HIV-infected patients, although some stu ...
... Compared with non-HIV-infected patients, those with chronic HIV/HBV co-infection have a lower aminotransferase level, higher HBV viral loads, and lower rates of HBeAg loss over time. Generally, abnormal histopathology in a liver biopsy tends to be reduced in HIV-infected patients, although some stu ...
Protective effect of the maternally derived porcine circovirus type 2
... transferred to newborn piglets by dam vaccination against PCV2. Antigen-specific DTH responses and lymphocyte proliferation indicate an anti-PCV2-specific adaptive cellular response. Furthermore, piglets that received maternal PCV2-specific memory T lymphocytes mount DTH reactions in response to int ...
... transferred to newborn piglets by dam vaccination against PCV2. Antigen-specific DTH responses and lymphocyte proliferation indicate an anti-PCV2-specific adaptive cellular response. Furthermore, piglets that received maternal PCV2-specific memory T lymphocytes mount DTH reactions in response to int ...
VitaminDWiki
... modulate over 800 genes in humans and the list is growing. • Therefore, vitamin D adequacy is important in almost every aspect of healthy cellular func0on in every 0ssue and every organ system. • It is not surprising that Vitamin D is associated with so many disease processes and that lower ...
... modulate over 800 genes in humans and the list is growing. • Therefore, vitamin D adequacy is important in almost every aspect of healthy cellular func0on in every 0ssue and every organ system. • It is not surprising that Vitamin D is associated with so many disease processes and that lower ...
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PROPOSAL
... Veterinary Medicine at present such that so much is needed for this project. Construction of a small poultry house is necessary for the Layers project. Conversion of an old kennel at Vet. Medicine to poultry experimental house for infectivity studies. An allowance is necessary for visits to farms an ...
... Veterinary Medicine at present such that so much is needed for this project. Construction of a small poultry house is necessary for the Layers project. Conversion of an old kennel at Vet. Medicine to poultry experimental house for infectivity studies. An allowance is necessary for visits to farms an ...
A new model for non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae middle ear
... Received 24 June 2015; Accepted 15 November 2015 ...
... Received 24 June 2015; Accepted 15 November 2015 ...
Polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines
... epitopes. These T cell epitopes interact With CD4 helper T cells, greatly facilitating an antibody response to the attached polysaccharide. The T helper cell-dependent response to a conjugate results in both serum IgG antibodies and immune memory, even in infants. Additionally, the immunogenicity of ...
... epitopes. These T cell epitopes interact With CD4 helper T cells, greatly facilitating an antibody response to the attached polysaccharide. The T helper cell-dependent response to a conjugate results in both serum IgG antibodies and immune memory, even in infants. Additionally, the immunogenicity of ...
Vaccination with recombinant fusion proteins incorporating Toll
... (Costar) at a seeding density of 3–5 × 104 cells in 100 l/well in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% FCS and antibiotics. The next day, cells were treated for 5 h with serial dilutions of test proteins starting at 5 g/ml. For positive controls RAW cells were treated with the TLR4 agonist LPS (Sigma ...
... (Costar) at a seeding density of 3–5 × 104 cells in 100 l/well in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% FCS and antibiotics. The next day, cells were treated for 5 h with serial dilutions of test proteins starting at 5 g/ml. For positive controls RAW cells were treated with the TLR4 agonist LPS (Sigma ...
Probiotics for the Immune System
... Dendritic cells are cells in the immune system that intercept and deliver antigens to T cells and B cells, where the adaptive immune response takes place. They help regulate both innate and adaptive immunity by producing anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (both are compounds that signal the ...
... Dendritic cells are cells in the immune system that intercept and deliver antigens to T cells and B cells, where the adaptive immune response takes place. They help regulate both innate and adaptive immunity by producing anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (both are compounds that signal the ...
Characterization of extracellular and surface bound adherence
... The hypothesis in this thesis is mainly based on two theories: Disturbed adhesion primarily affect the virulence of an invading microorganism. Immunization with recombinantly produced adherence proteins stimulate opsonization and make hidden virulence factors visible to the immune system and thus fa ...
... The hypothesis in this thesis is mainly based on two theories: Disturbed adhesion primarily affect the virulence of an invading microorganism. Immunization with recombinantly produced adherence proteins stimulate opsonization and make hidden virulence factors visible to the immune system and thus fa ...
B cell fate following immunization: from memory B cells to plasma cells
... Most approved successful human vaccines induce neutralizing antibody titers maintained above a given threshold for long-term protection against potential pathogen exposure. The pathogens targeted by these vaccines are antigenically stable and the relevant epitopes are immunogenic. In contrast, HIV-1 ...
... Most approved successful human vaccines induce neutralizing antibody titers maintained above a given threshold for long-term protection against potential pathogen exposure. The pathogens targeted by these vaccines are antigenically stable and the relevant epitopes are immunogenic. In contrast, HIV-1 ...
dendritic cell-based tumor vaccination for high
... Next, I would like to thank the members of the jury, professors P. Clement, J. de Vries, A. Heimberger, F. Lefranc, R. Oyen and P. Vandenberghe. Thank you for the critical review of my work and the valuable comments to improve the manuscript of the thesis. ...
... Next, I would like to thank the members of the jury, professors P. Clement, J. de Vries, A. Heimberger, F. Lefranc, R. Oyen and P. Vandenberghe. Thank you for the critical review of my work and the valuable comments to improve the manuscript of the thesis. ...
Interaction between Salmonella and Schistosomiasis: A Review
... S. Typhimurium. The sequestration of the bacteria in the parasite leads to ineffective antibiotic treatment because the bacteria cannot be completely killed, and lingering infection may then lead to antimicrobial resistance. These manifestations are likely not just for those dually infected but also ...
... S. Typhimurium. The sequestration of the bacteria in the parasite leads to ineffective antibiotic treatment because the bacteria cannot be completely killed, and lingering infection may then lead to antimicrobial resistance. These manifestations are likely not just for those dually infected but also ...
Cytokines in the management of rotavirus infection
... diarrhoea incidence and diarrhoea related hospitalizations [4], they are less effective preventing rotavirus infections and their efficacy is lower in some countries in Southern Africa [5]. Although synthetic compounds, such as, ribavirin, cimetidine, famotidine, dipyridamole, nifedipine, and isopri ...
... diarrhoea incidence and diarrhoea related hospitalizations [4], they are less effective preventing rotavirus infections and their efficacy is lower in some countries in Southern Africa [5]. Although synthetic compounds, such as, ribavirin, cimetidine, famotidine, dipyridamole, nifedipine, and isopri ...
8139
... CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) are short single-stranded synthetic DNA molecules that activate the immune system and have been found to be effective for preventing and treating infectious diseases, allergies, and cancers. Structurally distinct classes of synthetic ODN expressing CpG motifs differen ...
... CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) are short single-stranded synthetic DNA molecules that activate the immune system and have been found to be effective for preventing and treating infectious diseases, allergies, and cancers. Structurally distinct classes of synthetic ODN expressing CpG motifs differen ...
The Immune System and Its Ecology - BU Blogs
... i.e., that which elicited no response). The Burnetian self, introduced as a metaphor of human personal identity, was consequently construed as requiring defense, and the immune system assumed its original task of protecting the host (the self) against pathogens. So what began with a vague, metaphori ...
... i.e., that which elicited no response). The Burnetian self, introduced as a metaphor of human personal identity, was consequently construed as requiring defense, and the immune system assumed its original task of protecting the host (the self) against pathogens. So what began with a vague, metaphori ...
Advances in Artificial Immune Systems During
... pathogens. To accomplish its tasks, the immune system has evolved sophisticated pattern recognition and response mechanisms following various differential pathways, i.e. depending on the type of enemy, the way it enters the body and the damage it causes, the immune system uses various response mecha ...
... pathogens. To accomplish its tasks, the immune system has evolved sophisticated pattern recognition and response mechanisms following various differential pathways, i.e. depending on the type of enemy, the way it enters the body and the damage it causes, the immune system uses various response mecha ...
Linking immune defenses and life history at the
... These constitutive antibodies can provide some immediate protection against a pathogenic attack (Ochsenbein and Zinkernagel 2000), while the induced antibody response requires several days to reach effective levels but is highly specific for a given pathogen (Janeway and others 1999). Levels of circ ...
... These constitutive antibodies can provide some immediate protection against a pathogenic attack (Ochsenbein and Zinkernagel 2000), while the induced antibody response requires several days to reach effective levels but is highly specific for a given pathogen (Janeway and others 1999). Levels of circ ...
Respiratory and Metabolic Impacts of Crustacean Immunity: Are
... cardiovascular system that supports the metabolic demands of their often large body size. However, recent studies indicate that mounting an immune response can impair gas exchange and metabolism in their highly developed vascular system. When circulating hemocytes detect the presence of potential pa ...
... cardiovascular system that supports the metabolic demands of their often large body size. However, recent studies indicate that mounting an immune response can impair gas exchange and metabolism in their highly developed vascular system. When circulating hemocytes detect the presence of potential pa ...
The role of lysosomal cysteine proteases in crustacean immune
... crustaceans has become a major issue in recent years because several pathogens have become catastrophic to shrimp farmers around the world. These include the White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV; Sanchez-Paz, 2010) and the recently described Early Mortality Syndrome provoked by a bacterium (Tran et al., ...
... crustaceans has become a major issue in recent years because several pathogens have become catastrophic to shrimp farmers around the world. These include the White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV; Sanchez-Paz, 2010) and the recently described Early Mortality Syndrome provoked by a bacterium (Tran et al., ...
MANAGEMENT OF POWDERY MILDEW DISEASE OF RAMBUTAN
... carried by air currents (Agrios, 1997). Powdery mildew on trees is effectively controlled with spraying of wettable sulfur or any of several sterolinhibiting systemic fungicides such as bitertanol, etaconazole and triforine.(Agrios, ...
... carried by air currents (Agrios, 1997). Powdery mildew on trees is effectively controlled with spraying of wettable sulfur or any of several sterolinhibiting systemic fungicides such as bitertanol, etaconazole and triforine.(Agrios, ...
Influenza prevention and treatment by passive immunization
... such an Ab can recognize and neutralize multiple variants of highly variable antigens, which is particularly important in protection against fast mutating viruses, such as the influenza virus. Artificial passive immunization relies on administration of pathogen-specific and neutralizing Abs present ...
... such an Ab can recognize and neutralize multiple variants of highly variable antigens, which is particularly important in protection against fast mutating viruses, such as the influenza virus. Artificial passive immunization relies on administration of pathogen-specific and neutralizing Abs present ...
Vaccination
Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material (a vaccine) to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen. Vaccines can prevent or ameliorate morbidity from infection. When a sufficiently large percentage of a population has been vaccinated, this results in herd immunity. The effectiveness of vaccination has been widely studied and verified; for example, the influenza vaccine, the HPV vaccine, and the chicken pox vaccine. Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases; widespread immunity due to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the restriction of diseases such as polio, measles, and tetanus from much of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that licensed vaccines are currently available to prevent or contribute to the prevention and control of twenty-five infections.The active agent of a vaccine may be intact but inactivated (non-infective) or attenuated (with reduced infectivity) forms of the causative pathogens, or purified components of the pathogen that have been found to be highly immunogenic (e.g., outer coat proteins of a virus). Toxoids are produced for immunization against toxin-based diseases, such as the modification of tetanospasmin toxin of tetanus to remove its toxic effect but retain its immunogenic effect.Smallpox was most likely the first disease people tried to prevent by inoculating themselves and was the first disease for which a vaccine was produced. The smallpox vaccine was discovered in 1796 by the British physician Edward Jenner, although at least six people had used the same principles years earlier. Louis Pasteur furthered the concept through his work in microbiology. The immunization was called vaccination because it was derived from a virus affecting cows (Latin: vacca—cow). Smallpox was a contagious and deadly disease, causing the deaths of 20–60% of infected adults and over 80% of infected children. When smallpox was finally eradicated in 1979, it had already killed an estimated 300–500 million people in the 20th century.In common speech, 'vaccination' and 'immunization' have a similar meaning. This distinguishes it from inoculation, which uses unweakened live pathogens, although in common usage either can refer to an immunization. Vaccination efforts have been met with some controversy on scientific, ethical, political, medical safety, and religious grounds. In rare cases, vaccinations can injure people and, in the United States, they may receive compensation for those injuries under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. Early success and compulsion brought widespread acceptance, and mass vaccination campaigns have greatly reduced the incidence of many diseases in numerous geographic regions.