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- Kennedy HS
- Kennedy HS

... o Keynes argued that the government could use a __________________ fiscal policy to prevent inflation or reduce its severity. o They can do this by either increasing taxes or reducing its own spending. o Fiscal policy is difficult to control – but a powerful tool. o _______________________– the idea ...
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LC Economics Syllabus

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... Bank T Accounts and Money Creation For each bank, assets must equal DD = RR = ER = Loans = To create new DDs in the banking system multiply ER times Phillips Curves During the normal business cycle, one moves points on If there is a supply shock, then move Phillips’ initial analysis assumed an inver ...
AP Macro Economics - Spring Branch ISD
AP Macro Economics - Spring Branch ISD

... 24. Refer to the above diagram. The average propensity to consume is: A) greater than 1 at all levels of GDP above $150. C) B) greater than 1 at all levels of GDP below $150. D) ...
Topic1 - Stanford University
Topic1 - Stanford University

... … and simultaneously sell short-term Treasury-bills. ...
January 12th Agenda CBM In the News
January 12th Agenda CBM In the News

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Section 11.3 Examples Example 1: Recall that a rational number is a
Section 11.3 Examples Example 1: Recall that a rational number is a

... number with a terminating or repeating decimal expansion is a rational number. 1. Use knowledge of geometric series to express the number 0.512 as the ratio of two integers. 2. Do the same for 0.113 (This one is trickier). ...
Economic Policy Review
Economic Policy Review

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Problem Set 10

... Remove this page from the attached pages. Fill in your name, and then circle opposite each number which of five possible answers you feel is the correct answer. Return this sheet in lecture on Monday, November 26. ...
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Fiscal Policy
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LECTURE 6. Fiscal policy

... for labor and capital. If labor and capital are sensitive to changes in their rewards, they will increase supply with the reduction in income taxes and the increase in disposable income. Such sensitivity was demonstrated by American, British and Irish capital and labor owners. For example, when the ...
Outlook for the US Economy in the Coming Year
Outlook for the US Economy in the Coming Year

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Review Questions for Midterm #1
Review Questions for Midterm #1

... reducing the wealth of many people and the Federal Reserve responded with a policy change that lowered the money supply. Show the change in equilibrium output on an IS-LM graph showing both changes. 8) Using an IS-LM graph show the “crowding out” effect of an increase in government spending. Would t ...
The multiplier effect
The multiplier effect

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Self-Adjustment or Instability

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Chapter 30 Key Question Solutions

... apply the brakes to restrain inflation; the economy will slow and unemployment will rise. In this view the political process creates economic instability. A decrease in tax rates might be enacted to stimulate consumer spending. If households receive the tax cut but expect it to be reversed in the ne ...
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... • Not all income will be spent on output produced • “underspending” • Econ. Is unstable, NOT self correcting • Failure of certain fundamental economic decisions (saving and investment) to be synchronized • ***need govt. deficit spending ...
Economic Environment
Economic Environment

... Economic policy • This refers to a set of measures designed to affect the economy. • Classic Keynesian policies can be divided into: – Fiscal policy. This uses changes in the level of taxation or government spending to influence the economy. – Monetary policy. This uses changes in interest rates, a ...
Econ - MisterWoodyNotebook
Econ - MisterWoodyNotebook

... • How tax cuts with military spending “wrecks” the economy • How we benefit by improving the economies of Third World countries ...
Chapter 15: Using Fiscal Policy
Chapter 15: Using Fiscal Policy

... unemployment. Prices and interest rates tend to rise as well. Contractionary fiscal policy is used when inflation is a problem. By reducing government spending, decreasing taxes, or both, the government seeks to decrease aggregate demand, which halts the rise in prices. Output decreases, interest ra ...
Over the business cycle, investment spending ______ consumption
Over the business cycle, investment spending ______ consumption

... A tax cut combined with tight money, as was the case in the United States in the early 1980s, should lead to a: a) ...
Document
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... the economy is inherently unstable? • “What matters is not whether the economy is self-regulating or not, but whether prices and wages are flexible and adjust quickly.” Comment on this statement. • According to Keynes, why might aggregate demand be too low? ...
fiscal policy
fiscal policy

... Fiscal Policy with an upward-sloping AS Curve • If the Aggregate Supply curve is upward sloping rather than horizontal (as we assume in the fixed-price model), then two things are different about fiscal policy: – An increase in government expenditures increases both output and the price level – Out ...
Macroeconomic instability
Macroeconomic instability

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Fiscal multiplier

In economics, the fiscal multiplier (not to be confused with monetary multiplier) is the ratio of a change in national income to the change in government spending that causes it. More generally, the exogenous spending multiplier is the ratio of a change in national income to any autonomous change in spending (private investment spending, consumer spending, government spending, or spending by foreigners on the country's exports) that causes it. When this multiplier exceeds one, the enhanced effect on national income is called the multiplier effect. The mechanism that can give rise to a multiplier effect is that an initial incremental amount of spending can lead to increased consumption spending, increasing income further and hence further increasing consumption, etc., resulting in an overall increase in national income greater than the initial incremental amount of spending. In other words, an initial change in aggregate demand may cause a change in aggregate output (and hence the aggregate income that it generates) that is a multiple of the initial change.The existence of a multiplier effect was initially proposed by Keynes student Richard Kahn in 1930 and published in 1931. Some other schools of economic thought reject or downplay the importance of multiplier effects, particularly in terms of the long run. The multiplier effect has been used as an argument for the efficacy of government spending or taxation relief to stimulate aggregate demand.In certain cases multiplier values less than one have been empirically measured (an example is sports stadiums), suggesting that certain types of government spending crowd out private investment or consumer spending that would have otherwise taken place. This crowding out can occur because the initial increase in spending may cause an increase in interest rates or in the price level. In 2009, The Economist magazine noted ""economists are in fact deeply divided about how well, or indeed whether, such stimulus works"", partly because of a lack of empirical data from non-military based stimulus. New evidence came from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, whose benefits were projected based on fiscal multipliers and which was in fact followed - from 2010 to 2012 - by a slowing of job loss and private sector job growth.
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