IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF)
... foreign policy instrument by developed democracies to strengthen their relationship with, and consequently spread their influence on, the Third World. Aid according to Ajayi (2000:117) is ―a form of assistance by a government or financial institutions to other needy countries, which could be in cash ...
... foreign policy instrument by developed democracies to strengthen their relationship with, and consequently spread their influence on, the Third World. Aid according to Ajayi (2000:117) is ―a form of assistance by a government or financial institutions to other needy countries, which could be in cash ...
2.3 Macroeconomic Objectives (Phillips Curve)
... by reduction in the prices not due to developments in the productivities, but because of a lack of demand induced by crashing down of the stock market or other market factors. In fact, Deflation becomes bad when the consumers save their money for future uncertainties, or in the expectation that pric ...
... by reduction in the prices not due to developments in the productivities, but because of a lack of demand induced by crashing down of the stock market or other market factors. In fact, Deflation becomes bad when the consumers save their money for future uncertainties, or in the expectation that pric ...
Check for Understanding - Delaware Department of Education
... Unemployment reduces household income, which creates less demand for goods and services. More people may be laid off and there is another round of decreasing income to households. Less income creates less tax revenue, which may result in a lower level of public goods and services and the jobs relate ...
... Unemployment reduces household income, which creates less demand for goods and services. More people may be laid off and there is another round of decreasing income to households. Less income creates less tax revenue, which may result in a lower level of public goods and services and the jobs relate ...
The Balance of Payments and Exchange Rates
... An increase in U.S. imports increases other countries’ exports, which stimulates those countries’ economies and increases their imports, which increases U.S. exports, which stimulates the U.S. economy and increases its imports, and so on. This is the trade feedback effect. In other words, an increas ...
... An increase in U.S. imports increases other countries’ exports, which stimulates those countries’ economies and increases their imports, which increases U.S. exports, which stimulates the U.S. economy and increases its imports, and so on. This is the trade feedback effect. In other words, an increas ...
NBER WORKING PAPER ROLE OF CONSUMPTION IN ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS Robert E. Hall
... declines. Consequently, a higher tax rate depresses consumption ...
... declines. Consequently, a higher tax rate depresses consumption ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES ON THE IRRELEVANCE OF PUBLIC FINANCIAL POLICY
... effects, but not real effects; and under which it has real effects. An increase in government debt (keeping real expenditures fixed), accompanied by a decrease in lump sum taxes has neither inflationary nor real effects (even in a stochastic environment) provided there are no redistribution effects: ...
... effects, but not real effects; and under which it has real effects. An increase in government debt (keeping real expenditures fixed), accompanied by a decrease in lump sum taxes has neither inflationary nor real effects (even in a stochastic environment) provided there are no redistribution effects: ...
National Income Accounting
... a nation and is equal to GNP. To move from "domestic" to "national" we add net foreign factor income. ...
... a nation and is equal to GNP. To move from "domestic" to "national" we add net foreign factor income. ...
Cyclical patterns of the spanish economy
... find that M4 is less volatile than output and moves in a procyclical way, being more correlated with output in HP filtered form than in growth rates. It also seems to be synchronous with GDP. The low volatility of M4 is hardly surprising since it is a broad aggregate which internalises most of the f ...
... find that M4 is less volatile than output and moves in a procyclical way, being more correlated with output in HP filtered form than in growth rates. It also seems to be synchronous with GDP. The low volatility of M4 is hardly surprising since it is a broad aggregate which internalises most of the f ...
Money & Banking
... the economy moves into a recession as the new short-run equilibrium point is at a current output less than potential output. Policymakers will conclude that the long-run real interest rate has gone down and will shift their monetary policy reaction curve to the right, reducing the level of the real ...
... the economy moves into a recession as the new short-run equilibrium point is at a current output less than potential output. Policymakers will conclude that the long-run real interest rate has gone down and will shift their monetary policy reaction curve to the right, reducing the level of the real ...
Macroeconomic Policy and Poverty
... eradication, many of the links between macroeconomic policies and poverty are not well understood” (IMF, 2001). An IMF study by Cashin et.al (2001) also stated that key questions about the nature of crises responses and their impact on poverty are being asked but not researched, and as quoted by Bre ...
... eradication, many of the links between macroeconomic policies and poverty are not well understood” (IMF, 2001). An IMF study by Cashin et.al (2001) also stated that key questions about the nature of crises responses and their impact on poverty are being asked but not researched, and as quoted by Bre ...
stevens point area economic indicators
... Bush era tax cuts; whether or not to raise social security tax rates; the U.S. government deficit - should it be reduced drastically by across the board cuts, by raising taxes or some combination of both? Another thing to consider is that the price of gasoline has been falling due to the lowering of ...
... Bush era tax cuts; whether or not to raise social security tax rates; the U.S. government deficit - should it be reduced drastically by across the board cuts, by raising taxes or some combination of both? Another thing to consider is that the price of gasoline has been falling due to the lowering of ...
Federal Fiscal Policy Since the Employment Act oif 1946
... OFor detafled summaries of fiscal policy, see Holrnans (1962), Lewis (1962), Stein (1969), Eisner (1986) and Pechrnan (1987). The trend value S catulated foflowing procedures outlined in de Leeuw and Holloway (1983). Since the Department of Commerce does not attempt to cyclicafly adjust the price Ie ...
... OFor detafled summaries of fiscal policy, see Holrnans (1962), Lewis (1962), Stein (1969), Eisner (1986) and Pechrnan (1987). The trend value S catulated foflowing procedures outlined in de Leeuw and Holloway (1983). Since the Department of Commerce does not attempt to cyclicafly adjust the price Ie ...
Economics for Today 2nd edition Irvin B. Tucker
... crowding out is true? a. It can completely offset the multiplier. b. It is caused by a budget deficit. c. It is not caused by a budget surplus. d. All of the above are true. D. If crowding out occurs, reduced private spending offsets the multiplier effect of increased government spending. The debt i ...
... crowding out is true? a. It can completely offset the multiplier. b. It is caused by a budget deficit. c. It is not caused by a budget surplus. d. All of the above are true. D. If crowding out occurs, reduced private spending offsets the multiplier effect of increased government spending. The debt i ...
ECONOMICS
... A fall in the price level from P1 to P2 increases the quantity of goods and services demanded from Y1 to Y2. There are three reasons for this negative relationship. As the price level falls, real wealth rises, interest rates fall, and the exchange rate depreciates. These effects stimulate spending o ...
... A fall in the price level from P1 to P2 increases the quantity of goods and services demanded from Y1 to Y2. There are three reasons for this negative relationship. As the price level falls, real wealth rises, interest rates fall, and the exchange rate depreciates. These effects stimulate spending o ...
Britain has now paid more than half a trillion pounds to the EU
... percentage of its GNI to the EU (a system that penalises successful countries with higher GNIs). The OBR concedes that this means its forecasts of contributions to the EU have been less-than-perfect: ‘our forecast of the UK’s net contributions to the EU is subject to significant uncertainty, not lea ...
... percentage of its GNI to the EU (a system that penalises successful countries with higher GNIs). The OBR concedes that this means its forecasts of contributions to the EU have been less-than-perfect: ‘our forecast of the UK’s net contributions to the EU is subject to significant uncertainty, not lea ...
Relatório do Banco Mundial sobre a Gestão das Despesas Públicas
... (World Bank – UK Study) Gradual, through periodic price adjustments. Generate substantial fiscal savings. Plan and implement parallel social safety net programs. ...
... (World Bank – UK Study) Gradual, through periodic price adjustments. Generate substantial fiscal savings. Plan and implement parallel social safety net programs. ...
Principles of Economics Third Edition by Fred Gottheil
... • Suppose equilibrium Y = $1.0 trillion, fullemployment Y = $1.4 trillion, and MPC = 0.8. If you want to achieve a full employment level of Y and don’t worry about running deficit budgets, what would you do and why. If you want to keep the budget balanced and still get to full employment Y, what mus ...
... • Suppose equilibrium Y = $1.0 trillion, fullemployment Y = $1.4 trillion, and MPC = 0.8. If you want to achieve a full employment level of Y and don’t worry about running deficit budgets, what would you do and why. If you want to keep the budget balanced and still get to full employment Y, what mus ...
Fiscal Federalism, Fiscal Reform, and Economic Growth in China
... structure of decision-making and, thereby, misrepresent the degree of fiscal decentralization. As a result, in empirical studies both cross-country comparisons and descriptions of long-term trends might be seriously distorted. It is, for instance, not clear whether an observed increase in the SNG sh ...
... structure of decision-making and, thereby, misrepresent the degree of fiscal decentralization. As a result, in empirical studies both cross-country comparisons and descriptions of long-term trends might be seriously distorted. It is, for instance, not clear whether an observed increase in the SNG sh ...
Tutorial on Partial Equilibrium Modeling: The Case of an
... more of the good in which the country has a comparative disadvantage. • The increased production reflects a misallocation of resources because resources are being used inefficiently. ...
... more of the good in which the country has a comparative disadvantage. • The increased production reflects a misallocation of resources because resources are being used inefficiently. ...
Measuring a Nation׳s Income
... If someone pays someone else $100 to mow a lawn, the expenditure on the lawn service ($100) is exactly equal to the income earned from the production of the lawn service ($100). ...
... If someone pays someone else $100 to mow a lawn, the expenditure on the lawn service ($100) is exactly equal to the income earned from the production of the lawn service ($100). ...
The Positive Analysis of Heilongjiang Province Rural Finance
... But our country rural economy in entire national economy proportion is actually dropping. The income differential between city and countryside resident is enlarging; the farmers' income even presented the absolute value drop in the late 90s. The “three agriculture” question has become a significant ...
... But our country rural economy in entire national economy proportion is actually dropping. The income differential between city and countryside resident is enlarging; the farmers' income even presented the absolute value drop in the late 90s. The “three agriculture” question has become a significant ...