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Diseases from the Past
Diseases from the Past

... and lymphocyte can be found near the site of an infection, and the two act in concert to help eliminate it. ...
13 Chapter 39 Influenza
13 Chapter 39 Influenza

... Seasonal influenza occurs from mammalian viruses Pigs in SE Asia are frequently a source of these viruses New reassortants arise every year, but most are not pathogenic to humans HA attaches to α2,6-sialic acid receptor Avian influenza viruses routinely circulate among wild birds Some species can be ...
Lecture 12: Influenza
Lecture 12: Influenza

... A have been isolated from aquatic birds worldwide, in both wild and domesticated species. • The natural reservoir of the virus is wild water birds in which the infection is generally avirulent, such “low pathogenic avian influenza virus” (LPAIV) strains causing little, or no, evident symptoms. • LPA ...
Reviewers comments for the paper:
Reviewers comments for the paper:

... Reviewers comments for the paper: A study of natural co-infection caused by avian influenza (H9 subtype) and infection bronchitis viruses in broiler chicken farms showing respiratory signs Seifi S1*, Asasi K2, Mohammadi A3 This paper contains relevant research and can be accepted with the following ...
H1N1 Epidemiology, Clinical by Dr Sarma
H1N1 Epidemiology, Clinical by Dr Sarma

... • Onset of acute febrile respiratory illness within 7 days of close contact with a person who has a confirmed case of H1N1 influenza A virus infection, or • Onset of acute febrile respiratory illness within 7 days of travel to a community (within the United States or internationally) where one or m ...
2014-01-28 H7N9 Avian Influenza virus
2014-01-28 H7N9 Avian Influenza virus

... Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) although mild cases have been reported. There is currently no evidence of sustained person-to-person transmission of H7N9 avian influenza. ...
Avian influenza in South East Asia
Avian influenza in South East Asia

... dramatic evolution, both genetically and in its biological properties. This article discusses the evolution of H5N1 and the paradigm shift that has occurred in our understanding of the ecology and biology of avian influenza viruses as a result of the H5N1 experience. The A/goose/Guandong/96 H5N1 vir ...
Frequently Asked Questions and answers on Highly Pathogenic
Frequently Asked Questions and answers on Highly Pathogenic

... Symptoms are similar to those of other influenzas - fever, cough, head ache and muscle pain. The symptoms may vary in severity. If you do have symptoms and have been around poultry, do get medical help immediately. H5N1 has been found to cause more severe symptoms in humans and leads to faster deter ...
Click here for handout
Click here for handout

... • Healthcare workers and their contacts appeared to be affected by the outbreak. • The index case for the illness in Hong Kong was a physician from Guangdong province who traveled to Hong Kong five days after the onset of symptoms. • The index cases in Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, and Canada were i ...
Bacteria and Viruses Powerpoint
Bacteria and Viruses Powerpoint

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Avian Flu and the threat of an H5N1 Influenza A pandemic
Avian Flu and the threat of an H5N1 Influenza A pandemic

... • Global mortality 23-50M • Occurred in 3 waves • Globally estimated 750m-Ib. ill • UK mortality 240K • Peak mortality - young adults ...
Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus: An Emerging Global Pandemic
Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus: An Emerging Global Pandemic

... The specter of avian influenza emerging from Asia and spreading all over the globe is causing deeper concern by the day. As we witness the H5N1 virus evolving and becoming increasingly dangerous, a major pandemic may be unavoidable. The bird flu virus has already claimed more than 140 lives worldwid ...
avian influenza in ostriches - Sudan University of Science and
avian influenza in ostriches - Sudan University of Science and

... Allwright et al. (1993) reported influenza-A virus of the H7N1 subtype isolated from dead young ostriches. The flock showed variable clinical signs including green discoloration of urine, weakness, respiratory distress and variable mortality according to age, concurrent infections and other stress ...
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Taipei City Emergency Response System

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Influenza
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... delay, the damage can be catastrophic as the virus spreads to more birds on more farms and, even worse, to people. Many farmers in rural parts of Asia, however, have little to no contact with officers of the public veterinary services or veterinary practitioners. Few have access to the Internet or o ...
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... confused with other severe Influenza illnesses caused by different viruses. Adults may be contagious from one day prior to the commencement of symptoms to up to 7 days after ...
Epidemiology and characterization of avian influenza in
Epidemiology and characterization of avian influenza in

... segments of RNA which act like mini-chromosomes, genetic mixing or recombination (reassortment) can occur if the host is infected by two different strains of influenza. Reassortment is responsible for some of the major human pandemics in the history of the influenza virus (Zohari, 2009). The AI viru ...
Influenza Virus
Influenza Virus

... – Antigenic shift抗原转变: major antigenic changes of HA and NA due to genetic reassortment between human and animal influenza viruses, belonging to qualitative changes, resulting in new subtype and may causing periodic pandemics. ...
Viral infection of the respiratory tract -- 2
Viral infection of the respiratory tract -- 2

...  Domestic poultry become infected when they have ...
Health Alerts
Health Alerts

... 1st wave Feb-May 2013; 2nd wave began Oct 2013 & continues 80% exposed to birds or live poultry markets Small clusters; not easily spread between people Surveillance, usual precautions No travel restrictions ...
Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases
Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases

... War refugees are a full 1% of the global population War refuges are forced onto new areas where they are exposed to new microbes from vectors and people. War and famine are closely linked. ...
PT108 Common Poultry Diseases and Parasites
PT108 Common Poultry Diseases and Parasites

... veterinarian who can plan a health management program and help to diagnose and treat a disease outbreak.  Poultry owners, managers and industry ...
Avian Influenza in Poultry - EDIS
Avian Influenza in Poultry - EDIS

... 1. This document is PS38, one of a series of the Animal Sciences Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date April 1998. Reviewed April 2014. Visit the EDIS website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. 2. J. P. Jacob, former poultry extension coordinator, G.D. Butcher, extension poultry veter ...
Readings : A Selection
Readings : A Selection

... Volume 136, Supplement, DecemTechnical but well written sumber 1977. mary of knowledge in the field . Reports presented at a symposium sponsored by NIAID, BoB United States Senate, Hearings, Subcommittee on Health, Committee on and CDC in January 1977 . IntroLabor and Public Welfare, Ninetyductory p ...
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Avian influenza

Avian influenza — known informally as avian flu or bird flu — refers to ""influenza caused by viruses adapted to birds."" The type with the greatest risk is highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI).""Bird flu"" is a phrase similar to ""swine flu,"" ""dog flu,"" ""horse flu,"" or ""human flu"" in that it refers to an illness caused by any of many different strains of influenza viruses that have adapted to a specific host. All known viruses that cause influenza in birds belong to the species influenza A virus. All subtypes (but not all strains of all subtypes) of influenza A virus are adapted to birds, which is why for many purposes avian flu virus is the influenza A virus. (Note, however, that the ""A"" does not stand for ""avian"").Adaptation is not exclusive. Being adapted toward a particular species does not preclude adaptations, or partial adaptations, toward infecting different species. In this way, strains of influenza viruses are adapted to multiple species, though may be preferential toward a particular host. For example, viruses responsible for influenza pandemics are adapted to both humans and birds. Recent influenza research into the genes of the Spanish flu virus shows it to have genes adapted to both birds and humans, with more of its genes from birds than less deadly later pandemic strains.While its most highly pathogenic strain (H5N1) had been spreading throughout Asia since 2003, avian influenza reached Europe in 2005, and the Middle East, as well as Africa, the following year. On January 22, 2012, China reported its second human death due to bird flu in a month following other fatalities in Vietnam and Cambodia. Companion birds in captivity and parrots are highly unlikely to contract the virus, and there has been no report of a companion bird with avian influenza since 2003. Pigeons do not contract or spread the virus. 84% of affected bird populations are composed of chicken and farm birds, while the 15% is made up of wild birds according to capture-and-release operations in the 2000s, during the SARs pandemic. The first deadly Canadian case was confirmed on January 3, 2014. On December 2, 2014, two turkey farms in British Columbia, Canada, had been placed under quarantine after the Canadian Food Inspection Agency confirmed an avian flu outbreak.
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